经济增长转型与就业促进

创造就业机会,解决失业问题,已经成为中国政府亟待解决的首要经济发展目标。本文深入分析了改革开放以来经济增长与就业增长之间、资本增长与就业增长之间、工资增长与就业增长之间的关系,并进一步深讨了经济转轨各个阶段就业模式的变化,以及正规就业与非正规就业对就业增长的影响。在此基础上,作者明确指出,经济增长与投资增长对扩大就业的作用正逐渐削弱,宏观经济政策与就业政策的改革也不足以彻底缓解就业压力,解决失业问题的关键在于实现经济增长模式从"经济增长优先"向"就业增长优先"型的转变,正确处理和协调劳动力密集型产业与资本密集型产业之间、劳工利益与资本利益之间、扩大内需与创造就业之间的关系。     

破产须“法”办

《新理财》：企业破产通常会面临诸多问题,包括保障失业员工的利益、清理债权债务关系、解决公司产品与品牌方面的后遗症等。在处理这些问题时,应注意哪些关键点？     

基于两阶段多任务道德风险模型的失业参保职工激励机制研究

现有文献大多侧重于劳动经济学视角，针对失业保险道德风险的间接影响因素进行研究。并未针对现实的失业保险道德风险问题深入研究。论文基于委托代理理论，以失业参保职工为研究对象，结合国家失业保险的最新政策，针对企业参保职工失业过程中，在资格审查和待遇发放两个阶段，自愿失业、延缓就业和隐性就业三种最可能发生的道德风险行为，构建了失业参保职工两阶段多任务激励模型，并借助Matlab2017b数值仿真展示了主要影响因素与最优激励因子之间的关系。研究得出了若干防范失业参保职工失业道德风险的有益结论和建议。     

失业人员挫折行为特征分析——以苏南地区为例

本文运用多元统计分析方法对苏南地区706例失业人员的挫折行为特征进行了定量分析研究,并以“竞争与合作”、“愿望与可能”以及“超越意识与超越有限性”等三个方面对这些特征行为的成因进行了比较详尽的分析。研究结论对深入了解和把握失业人员心理状态具有一定的参考价值。     

农民工返乡回流对当地新农村建设影响的冲量过程模型

2008年下半年以来,受世界金融危机和长三角、珠三角等沿海发达地区产业升级影响,农民工返乡回流,对当地新农村建设造成较大影响.构建冲量模型对这种影响进行实验模拟表明:农民工失业返乡将首先影响新农村生产发展、生活宽裕和乡风文明,随之村容整洁和民主管理也受拖累;发展农村非农产业,多渠道促进农民增收,并加强农村社会管理,可转危为机,将这种不利影响降到最低程度,使农民工失业返乡成为加快当地新农村建设的机遇和财富.     

大数据背景下中国季度失业率的预测研究——基于网络搜索数据的分析

目前,中国失业率统计存在一定局限,不利于准确及时地反映劳动市场的就业变动,大数据技术的快速发展为中国失业率统计提供新的发展视角.基于网络搜索数据,文章从5种常用的预测方法中筛选出最优的支持向量机回归模型,对中国季度失业率进行了预测研究.研究表明,基于网络搜索数据预测的失业率能够比官方数据更早地反映失业趋势的变化,预测失业率与修正后的失业率水平接近,能够为政府部门提供中国失业状况的政策预警.     

SVAR序列分解方法及应用研究——以广东周期性失业测量为例

以SVAR模型作序列分解,可以把受到结构冲击的变量按冲击类型分解出来.本文给出其分解推导证明及算法,然后以广东省周期性失业的测量为例给出了实证演示.结果表明,我省经济状况是冷热交替的,经济均衡只出现在瞬间点,之后用AD-AS曲线分析框架总结出广东省的六种经济状况.     

最低工资与经济增长:一个新理论模型

近年来,最低工资问题越来越受到理论界以及政府部门的重视.考虑了最低工资标准对国家经济增长的影响,提出了一个最低工资经济增长的理论模型,并求得该模型的均衡解,得出了最低工资标准的提高将降低就业率,由此引发的失业扩大将会促进经济增长的结论.     

环境综合治理成本评估VFT分析法

近年来我国环境污染严重,环境治理需要产业结构调整、设备升级等,势必造成地方必须投入大量资金,排污企业关停并转也会导致短期内大量人员失业,从而对人民生活和社会稳定产生影响。因此,如何平衡治理环境与环境治理影响是当前各区域环境治理研究的重点。本文综合考虑各地区环境程度、环境治理产业升级成本、经济发展成本、社会稳定成本,以及各区域利益需求,提出环境综合治理成本评估VFT分析法,并以京津冀雾霾治理成本评估为实证研究,动态考查北京、天津、河北区域治霾优先级,探究治霾对当地经济与社会产生的影响。     

传球问题的几种递归解法

转化是解决数学问题的基本方法．解题时，我们总是把待解决的问题。通过转化过程。归结到一类已经解决或者比较容易解决的问题，最终获得原问题之解答．转化目标一般是一个与原问题不同的问题。但也可以是规模更小的同一个问题。此即为递归法．     

均值-方差准则下的多期最优保险投资(英文)

近年来,最优保险投资问题吸引了越来越多的注意。一般这个问题是在连续时间框架下来研究的。本文针对这一问题建立离散时间的最优控制模型。应用动态规划原理求解模型对应的近似问题,得到了最优投资策略和投资有效边界的解析表达形式。本文得到的最优投资策略和投资有效边界均依赖于承保参数。通过数值例子分析了承保参数对最优投资策略和有效边界的影响。     

养老保险与经济增长关系的研究——以内蒙古自治区为例

虽然我国经济在稳定发展,但是人口老龄化问题也在不断的加剧,如何处理好养老保险和经济发展之间的关系就显得尤为重要。利用内蒙古自治区2002到2016年的相关数据,构建VAR模型,运用方差分解和脉冲响应对二者之间的关系进行深入分析,为我国应对老龄化问题提供理论参考,能够切实解决老人的养老问题。结果表明:养老保险和经济增长二者之间相互影响且持续时间较长,但养老保险的参保人数、收入和支出与就经济增长相互之间的影响程度不同,经济增长对于参保人数的影响要大于参保人数对经济增长的影响,而养老保险的收入与支出对经济增长的影响则更大。     

Stochastic utilities with subsistence and satiation: Optimal life insurance purchase,consumption and investment

We introduce stochastic utilities such that utility of any fixed amount of interest is a stochastic process or random variable. Also, there exist stochastic (or random) subsistence and satiation levels associated with stochastic utilities. Then, we consider optimal consumption, life insurance purchase and investment strategies to maximize the expected utility of consumption, bequest and pension with respect to stochastic utilities. We use the martingale approach to solve the optimization problem in two steps. First, we solve the optimization problem with an equality constraint which requires that the present value of consumption, bequest and pension is equal to the present value of initial wealth and income stream. Second, if the optimization problem is feasible, we obtain the explicit representations of the replicating life insurance purchase and portfolio strategies. As an application of our general results, we consider a family of stochastic utilities which have hyperbolic absolute risk aversion (HARA).     

Optimal financing and dividend control of the insurance company with excess-of-loss reinsurance policy

In this paper, we consider an optimal financing and dividend control problem of an insurance company. The management of the insurance company controls the dividends payout, equity issuance and the excess-of-loss reinsurance policy. In our model, the dividends are assumed to be paid out continuously, which is of interest from the perspective of financial modeling. The objective is to find the strategy which maximizes the expected present values of the dividends payout minus the equity issuance up to the time of ruin. We solve the optimal control problem and identify the optimal strategy by constructing two categories of suboptimal control problems.     

Optimal XL-insurance under Wasserstein-type ambiguity

We study the problem of optimal insurance contract design for risk management under a budget constraint. The contract holder takes into consideration that the loss distribution is not entirely known and therefore faces an ambiguity problem. For a given set of models, we formulate a minimax optimization problem of finding an optimal insurance contract that minimizes the distortion risk functional of the retained loss with premium limitation. We demonstrate that under the average value-at-risk measure, the entrance-excess of loss contracts are optimal under ambiguity, and we solve the distributionally robust optimal contract-design problem. It is assumed that the insurance premium is calculated according to a given baseline loss distribution and that the ambiguity set of possible distributions forms a neighborhood of the baseline distribution. To this end, we introduce a contorted Wasserstein distance. This distance is finer in the tails of the distributions compared to the usual Wasserstein distance.     

带交易费用的最优投资和比例再保险

研究了保险公司的最优投资和再保险问题.保险公司的盈余通过跳-扩散风险模型来模拟,可以把盈余的一部分投资到金融市场,金融市场由一个无风险资产和n个风险资产组成,并且保险公司还可以购买比例再保险;在买卖风险资产时,考虑了交易费用.通过随机控制的理论,获得了最优策略和值函数的显示解.     

P2P保险的道德风险问题研究

伴随信息产业的快速发展和互联网保险的广泛运用,近几年来国际上出现了一种新型保险模式――P2P保险(Peer to Peer Insurance)。该模式基于互联网,通过聚集若干风险类型相似的投保人组建风险共担互助小组,风险互助小组成员间一般是亲戚、朋友等熟人关系。P2P保险形成的相互监督机制和声誉机制,可以较好地解决传统保险市场中存在的道德风险问题。本文利用经济学中的比较静态分析方法,研究了P2P保险的道德风险问题,并从理论上证明了在P2P保险模式下,投保人会倾向于更加努力防范风险以降低出险概率,道德风险问题可以得到有效缓解。     

Finding the most preferred alliance structure between banks and insurance companies

In this paper we have studied alternative alliances between banks and insurance companies. First we defined six different possible structure models for such alliances, and nine criteria used to evaluate the models. The models and the criteria were introduced together with bank and insurance experts. The experts are representatives of the top management of Finnish banks and insurance companies. Searching for the most preferred alliance model is a multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) problem. To solve the problem, we used an expert panel and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Based on the evaluations of the panel, the alternatives Financial Conglomerate and Cross-Selling Agreement, no Overlapping Service Channels are most preferred. Which one is chosen, depends on how risk is emphasized.     

Optimal retirement with borrowing constraints and forced unemployment risk

In this paper, we study optimal retirement in a two-dimensional incomplete market caused by borrowing constraints and forced unemployment risk. We show that the two aspects jointly affect an individual’s optimal consumption, investment, and retirement strategies. In contrast to the complete market case, the endogenously determined wealth threshold for retirement is significantly affected by the two-dimensional market incompleteness, resulting in a lower wealth threshold. We also discuss a possible unemployment insurance scheme for the borrowing-constrained individual to respond to the shocks of forced unemployment.