高端装备制造企业组织创新演化机制研究——基于混沌理论

以演化视角分析高端装备制造企业组织创新类型和创新演化过程,并基于种群竞争模型,构建企业组织创新演化模型,通过分析模型平衡点稳定性及其演化趋势,发现当创新演化初始点出现在进入鞍点轨线附近时,其微小变化将导致最终演化状态的巨大差别。应用Lyapunov指数法判定高端装备制造企业组织创新演化的混沌性,运用创新演化模型模拟企业组织创新混沌演化过程并分析创新混沌演化规律。研究结果表明:①渐进式创新和激进式创新之间较强的竞争效应是企业组织创新演化进入混沌的一般条件;②鞍点是企业组织创新混沌演化的转折点,在进入鞍点轨线的影响域中,创新演化轨道的断裂位置和跃迁方向敏感依赖于初始条件;③环境变化对激进式创新的压力会增强创新演化的混沌性。     

Evolution coalgebras

We introduce the notion of evolution coalgebra as an algebraic structure to describe the backwards evolution of non-Mendelian genetic systems and establish their connection with evolution algebras. We study their main properties and consider evolution coalgebras endowed with genetic realization.     

The evolutionary ecology of technological innovations

Technological evolution has been compared to biological evolution by many authors over the last two centuries. As a parallel experiment of innovation involving economic, historical, and social components, artifacts define a universe of evolving properties that displays episodes of diversification and extinction. Here, we critically review previous work comparing the two types of evolution. Like biological evolution, technological evolution is driven by descent with variation and selection, and includes tinkering, convergence, and contingency. At the same time, there are essential differences that make the two types of evolution quite distinct. Major distinctions are illustrated by current specific examples, including the evolution of cornets and the historical dynamics of information technologies. Due to their fast and rich development, the later provide a unique opportunity to study technological evolution at all scales with unprecedented resolution. Despite the presence of patterns suggesting convergent trends between man‐made systems end biological ones, they provide examples of planned design that have no equivalent with natural evolution.     

有对外贸易的社会再生产演化分析

对于有对外贸易的社会再生产,生产资料净出口依存度、消费资料净出口依存度是外部条件参数,影响社会再生产演化.在数学上,可以把有对外贸易的社会再生产演化归结为含外部参数的二维受控变系数线性系统递归问题.根据有对外贸易的社会再生产的实现条件,建立有对外贸易的社会再生产演化方程,并获得演化的传递矩阵及其特征值.有对外贸易的社会再生产演化包含了经典的马克思社会再生产演化.通过算例说明有对外贸易的社会再生产演化过程.     

An architecture for knowledge evolution in organisations

Methodology for Knowledge System Management (MKSM) is a methodology, based on modelling techniques, to support knowledge capitalisation and management. This kind of approach faces a new challenge: knowledge evolution. Indeed, as knowledge of the organisation evolves, it seems necessary to have models and supporting tools to represent this evolution. Biologic evolution theories can offer the basis of a dynamic theory of Knowledge System evolution. We especially propose to adapt Lamarckism's principles and the Cladistic classification to support such a modelling and propose a conceptual architecture for managing knowledge evolution.     

一种面向效率的系统多序参量识别方法

针对社会组织系统演化过程中效率性要求,基于系统演化有效性识别及评估,提出能够反映系统演化过程效率的多序参量识别方法,为提升系统演化过程效率提供可操作的技术参考。通过产出/投入视角分析多序参量形成过程,结合其对系统演化过程的影响,给出基于产出/投入的系统演化过程中多序参量效率原理;应用改进的数据包络分析方法和已有指标体系,建立面向效率的系统演化过程多序参量识别模型。最后,通过算例验证方法的科学有效性。     

A chain of evolution algebras

We introduce a notion of chain of evolution algebras. The sequence of matrices of the structural constants for this chain of evolution algebras satisfies an analogue of Chapman-Kolmogorov equation. We give several examples (time homogenous, time non-homogenous, periodic, etc.) of such chains. For a periodic chain of evolution algebras we construct a continuum set of non-isomorphic evolution algebras and show that the corresponding discrete time chain of evolution algebras is dense in the set. We obtain a criteria for an evolution algebra to be baric and give a concept of a property transition. For several chains of evolution algebras we describe the behavior of the baric property depending on the time. For a chain of evolution algebras given by the matrix of a two-state evolution we define a baric property controller function and under some conditions on this controller we prove that the chain is not baric almost surely (with respect to Lebesgue measure). We also construct examples of the almost surely baric chains of evolution algebras. We show that there are chains of evolution algebras such that if it has a unique (resp. infinitely many) absolute nilpotent element at a fixed time, then it has unique (resp. infinitely many) absolute nilpotent element any time; also there are chains of evolution algebras which have not such property. For an example of two dimensional chain of evolution algebras we give the full set of idempotent elements and show that for some values of parameters the number of idempotent elements does not depend on time, but for other values of parameters there is a critical time t_c such that the chain has only two idempotent elements if time t?t_c and it has four idempotent elements if time t<t_c.     

Sociocultural Evolution and Cognitive Ontogenesis: A Sociocultural-Cognitive Algorithm

Sociocultural evolution is defined as the permanent interplay between the evolution of social order, cultural achievements and cognitive ontogenetic development. The key concept is that of social roles that are defined as a set of social rules and role specific knowledge. Sociocultural evolution accordingly is defined as the enlargement and variation of roles and in their social and cognitive dimension and as the variation of the relations between roles. The main theoretical thesis is the hypothesis of heterogeneity: sociocultural evolution is possible only if the degree of role autonomy in a particular society is large enough.A computational model, the sociocultural-cognitive algorithm is described that captures the main features of the evolution of societies. In particular it can be shown via the model why the hypothesis of heterogeneity is so important: it explains the special way of Western culture that was able totranscendcultural thresholds that limited the evolution of comparable societies.     

A comparative study of crossover in differential evolution

In order to understand the role of crossover in differential evolution, theoretical analysis and comparative study of crossover in differential evolution are presented in this paper. Two new crossover methods, namely consecutive binomial crossover and non-consecutive exponential crossover, are designed. The probability distribution and expectation of crossover length for binomial and exponential crossover used in this paper are derived. Various differential evolution algorithms with different crossover methods including mutation-only differential evolution are comprehensively compared at system level instead of parameter level. Based on the theoretical analysis and simulation results, the effect of crossover on the reliability and efficiency of differential evolution algorithms is discussed. Some insights are revealed.     

Complexity principle of extremality in evolution of living organisms by information-theoretic entropy

We consider evolution from a multiorgan (multistage) organism, which has a number of identical organs (e.g. a trilobite with many pairs of legs), to another organism, which has one organ modified (specialized) into a different part of the body (e.g. claws of a crab) at the expense of reduction in the number of non-modified organs. We observe that in early stages of evolution multiple organs (pairs of legs) may be created, and that extra organs may rapidly be reduced during later stages. We ask: Why do extra organs evolve during early stages of evolution? To answer the question we construct and then analyze a simple although basic model of evolution based on information-theoretic entropy. We show that an extremality principle is valid in which the increase in number of identical organs is led by the gradient of information entropy increasing with the number of these organs. On the other hand, the reduction in number of these organs, observed for later stages of evolution, results from catastrophes between submanifolds of evolution, the surfaces on which modifications (specializations) of organs may occur. Our conclusion is that modification (specialization) of organs, while in principle consistent with the entropy principle of extremality, may lead evolution to a region of catastrophes, and that these catastrophes may explain extinction of some species. The same mathematical model is applied for explanation of parallel evolution of animals and for some evolution problems of flowers.     

Time-space integrable decompositions of nonlinear evolution equations

Separation of the time and space variables of evolution equations is analyzed, without using any structure associated with evolution equations. The resulting theory provides techniques for constructing time-space integrable decompositions of evolution equations, which transform an evolution equation into two compatible Liouville integrable ordinary differential equations in the time and space variables. The techniques are applied to the KdV, MKdV and diffusion equations, thereby yielding several new time-space integrable decompositions of these equations.     

齐次平衡法若干新的应用

齐次平衡法是求非线性发展方程孤波解的一种有效方法．该文将以KdV方程为例把齐次平衡法向三个方面拓广应用：1）获得非线性发展方程新的具有更为丰富形式的精确解;2）寻找非线性发展方程的Backlund变换、Lax表示;3）求非线性发展方程的对称性约化和相似解．     

Browder-Tikhonov regularization for a class of evolution second order hemivariational inequalities

In this paper, we consider a class of evolution second order hemivariational inequalities with non-coercive operators which are assumed to be known approximately. Using the so-called Browder-Tikhonov regularization method, we prove that the regularized evolution hemivariational inequality problem is solvable. We construct a sequence based on the solvability of the regularized evolution hemivariational inequality problem and show that every weak cluster of this sequence is a solution for the evolution second order hemivariational inequality.     

An evolution equation in phase space and the Weyl correspondence

The Weyl correspondence that associates a quantum-mechanical operator to a Hamiltonian function on phase space is defined for all tempered distributions on R². The resulting Weyl operators are shown to include most Schroedinger operators for a system with one degree of freedom. For each tempered distribution, an evolution equation in phase space is defined that is formally equivalent to the dynamics of the Heisenberg picture. The evolution equation is studied both through a separation of variables technique that expresses the evolution operator as the difference of two Weyl operators and through the geometric properties of the distribution. For real tempered distributions with compact support the evolution equation has a unique solution if and only if the Weyl equation does. The evolution operator has skew-adjoint extensions that solve the evolution equation if the distribution satisfies an orthogonal symmetry condition.     

一种改进的几何活动轮廓模型

针对传统的几何活动轮廓模型在分割具有凹形边界时,演化曲线不能准确定位的缺点,提出了一种改进的几何活动轮廓模型,该模型通过在原模型的演化方程中增加一个正的常数项,使得演化曲线在未到达目标边界时,加速曲线演化,而在到达边界附近时,该加速项逐渐减小为零,从而能够很好的完成对凹形边界的分割.实验证明,该方法不仅能够分割具有凹形边界的目标,还能够使演化过程加速,提高几何活动轮廓模型的分割速度.     

基于尖点突变模型的保税区向自由贸易区演化分析

综合考虑影响保税区向自由贸易区演化的多种因素,建立评价指标体系及模型对保税区的演化效力和综合效率进行评价;将保税区的演化效力和综合效率作为控制变量,演化状态作为状态变量,建立尖点突变模型;以我国12个主要保税区实际数据对模型进行拟合并分析尖点突变的规律.实验结果验证了保税区向自由贸易区的尖点突变机制.     

Second-order nonlinear impulsive evolution equations with time-varying generating operators and optimal controls

In this article, the second-order nonlinear impulsive evolution differential equations with time-varying generating operators is considered. Constructing evolution systems generated by time-varying operator matrix, we introduce suitable mild solution of the second-order nonlinear impulsive evolution differential equations. The existence and uniqueness of the mild solutions and the continuous dependence on initial value are proved. The existence of the optimal controls for a Lagrange problem of the systems governed by the second-order nonlinear impulsive evolution equations is also presented. An example is given for demonstration.     

一般平面曲线流的一点注记

讨论嵌入平面闭曲线的一般发展方程,并给出发展曲线的各种几何量的演化方程,然后证明发展方程的切向分量并不影响发展曲线的最终形状。     

A discrete mathematical model of the dynamic evolution of a transportation network

A dynamic model of the evolution of a transportation network is proposed. The main feature of this model is that the evolution of the transportation network is not a process of centralized transportation optimization. Rather, its dynamic behavior is a result of the system self-organization that occurs in the course of the satisfaction of needs in goods transportation and the evolution of the infrastructure of the network nodes. Nonetheless, the possibility of soft control of the network evolution direction is taken into account.     

Fourth Order Conservative Exponential Methods for Linear Evolution Equations

A few numerical methods for linear evolution equations are developed and analyzed in this paper. These fourth order exponential methods reproduce the exact solutions for equations with time-independent evolution operators. For highly oscillatory problems with evolution operators that vary slowly in time, these methods are often more efficient than the traditional methods, since large step sizes can be used. The methods developed in this paper are also conservative for equations such as the Schrödinger equation, where the evolution operator is skew-selfadjoint.