MnNi3.55Co0.75Mn0.4Al0.3合金吸氢过程动力学研究

在２２－６０℃范围内研究了贮氢合金ＭｎＮｉ３．５５Ｃｏ０．７５Ｍｎ０．４４Ａｌ０．３（Ｍｎ为富铈混合稀土金属）在ａ和α＋β相区恒温吸氢动力学过程。研究结果表明，合金在α相区吸氢受化学反应控速，动力学规律不受氢初压的影响，在整个α＋β相区吸氢过程中，受氢在合金氢物中的扩散控速，得到相应的速率方程和表观活化能。     

富镧和富铈混合稀土贮氢电极的性能

富镧和富铈混合稀土贮氢电极的性能＊赵东江马松艳（黑龙江省绥化师专化学系绥化市１５２０６１）关键词混合稀土贮氢电极性能中图分类号Ｏ６４６．５４混合稀土贮氢合金具有良好的电化学特性和较低的价格，成为贮氢电极研究的主要对象，已经开发出许多实用的电极材料［１...     

MM-Ni金属间化合物的化学合成及贮氢特性

采用化学合成法——共沉淀还原法,以混合稀土氯化物为原料,合成了MMNi_5(MM为混合稀土金属)及富镧混合稀土-镍金属间化合物。研究了其反应过程及合金的贮氢性能。化学法合成的MMNi_5具有与冶金法不同的表面特性,前者的表面有大量的活性镍存在,它的催化作用可促进氢化反应。MMNi_5随铈含量的增加,镧含量的降低,其氢化物平衡分解压增大。MMNi_x在x=5(相当于Ni含量68wt·％)左右贮氢量最大。MMNi_x氢化物的平衡分解压与镍含量之间有线性关系。     

测试技术在稀土贮氢合金研究中的应用

本文较为详细地介绍了研究稀土贮氢合金性能过程中几种常用的测试技术.在贮氢合金组织结构方面,应用XRD、SEM和金相测试技术,研究贮氢合金的相结构,通过有关公式计算合金晶粒尺寸,以及反映热处理工艺前后相结构、晶粒形貌、晶界的变化情况.在贮氢合金吸放氢机理方面,通过将贮氢合金粉制作成微电极,采用恒电位阶跃、交流阻抗、循环伏安电化学测试技术,研究稀土贮氢合金电极反应的动力学性能,计算合金电极的交换电流密度、氢扩散系数及固/液界面电荷传递电阻等参数;采用PCT测试仪,研究贮氢合金的储氢量、平衡氢压等性能.在贮氢合金电化学性能方面,通过采用模拟电池测试技术,研究贮氢合金的活化、放电容量、放电平台、循环等性能.     

MmNi_（3．55）Co_（0．75）Mn_（0．4）Al_（0．3）合金吸

在２２～６０℃范围内研究了贮氢合金ＭｍＮｉ＿（３．５５）Ｃｏ（０．７５）Ｍｎ＿（０．４）Ａｌ＿（０．３）（Ｍｍ为富铈混合稀土金属）在ａ和。ａ＋β相区恒温吸氢动力学过程。研究结果表明，合金在ａ相区吸氢受化学反应控速，动力学规律不受氢初压的影响。在整个ａ＋β相区吸氢过程中，受氢在合金氢化物中的扩散控速。得到相应的速率方程和表观活化能。     

测试技术在稀土贮氢合金研究中的应用

本文较为详细地介绍了研究稀土贮氢合金性能过程中几种常用的测试技术。在贮氢合金组织结构方面，应用XRD、SEM和金相测试技术，研究贮氢合金的相结构，通过有关公式计算合金晶粒尺寸，以及反映热处理工艺前后相结构、晶粒形貌、晶界的变化情况。在贮氢合金吸放氢机理方面，通过将贮氢合金粉制作成微电极，采用恒电位阶跃、交流阻抗、循环伏安电化学测试技术，研究稀土贮氢合金电极反应的动力学性能，计算合金电极的交换电流密度、氢扩散系数及固／液界面电荷传递电阻等参数；采用PCT测试仪，研究贮氢合金的储氢量、平衡氢压等性能。在贮氢合金电化学性能方面，通过采用模拟电池测试技术，研究贮氢合金的活化、放电容量、放电平台、循环等性能。     

化学镀Ni—Co—P合金对Mm（NiCoAiMn）5贮氢合金电极动力学性能的影响

通过电化学方法,研究了化学镀Ni-Co-P合金对Mm(NiCoAlMn)5五元稀土贮氢合金电极动力学性能的影响,研究表明,引入很少量（1－2％）Co的Ni-Co-P合金镀层可有效地提高MH电极的交换电流密度io,极限电流密度iL及α相中氢的扩散系数Dα（H）,还研究了化学镀Ni-Co-P合金对稀土贮氢合金电极循环伏安（CV）曲线和阴,阳极极化曲线及对称因子β的影响,进而阐明了化学镀对MH电极过程动力学的影响。     

MINi5—xSnx合金贮氢性能研究

研究了富镧混合稀土贮氢合金ＭＩＮｉ５及加Ｓｎ后对合金的结构、活化性能、吸氢容量和平衡氢压等性能的影响。通过Ｘ射线衍射分析进行物相分析,测试了２９８,３１３,３３３Ｋ温度下合金的吸、放氢Ｐ－Ｃ－Ｔ曲线。结果表明,ＭＩＮｉ５－ｘＳｎｘ合金（ｘ＝０～０．４）为六言晶体结构的单相组织。以Ｓｎ部分取代Ｎｉ改善了ＭＩＮｉ５的活化特性,并使平台压力降低、吸、放氢滞后减小。随着Ｓｎ含量增加,晶胞体积增大,平衡氢压     

MlNi5-xSnx合金贮氢性能研究

研究了富镧混合稀土贮氢合金ＭｌＮｉ５ 及加Ｓｎ 后对合金的结构、活化性能、吸氢容量和平衡氢压等性能的影响。通过Ｘ 射线衍射分析进行物相分析， 测试了２９８ ，３１３，３３３ Ｋ 温度下合金的吸、放氢ＰＣＴ曲线。结果表明，ＭｌＮｉ５ － ｘＳｎｘ 合金（ｘ＝０ ～０．４） 为六方晶体结构的单相组织。以Ｓｎ 部分取代Ｎｉ 改善了ＭｌＮｉ５ 的活化特性， 并使平台压力降低， 吸、放氢滞后减小。随着Ｓｎ 含量增加， 晶胞体积增大， 平衡氢压降低， 生成热减小， 氢化物稳定性提高。而少量的Ｓｎ 对吸氢能力降低较小， 是理想的替代元素。     

稀土储氢合金在有机氢化物中的吸氢行为和吸氢热力学性能

研究了富镧混合稀土－镍储氢合金（MlNi5)与有机化合物（C6H6）组成的浆液体系的吸氢行为和吸氢热力学性能。测定了不同温度（10，20，30，40℃）下两个不同系统的吸氢压力－成分等温（PCT）曲线，并分别计算出气固系统和气固液系统吸氢反应的热力学函数值ΔH,ΔS。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.