痂囊腔菌素A的生物合成和光化学反应研究

报道了从中国云南西部山区筛选到一株丝状真菌Ascomyceters Hypocreaceae Hypomyces (Fr.) Ful SP.，并在实验室成功地进行培养. 这株真菌代谢产物的化学组分是痂囊腔菌A（EA），并经紫外光谱、元素分析、MS、¹H NMR、¹³C NMR和X-衍射鉴定. 在适当的条件下将痂囊腔菌素A（EA）氯仿溶液和二苄胺（DBA）氯仿溶液混合. 用可见光照射混合液，在Varian E-115ESR仪上可以得到强吸收. 得到的数据表明，EA可以诱导DBA转变成氧氮自由基.     

牛血红蛋白与纳米雄黄相互作用的光谱研究

采用紫外-可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱研究牛血红蛋白(bovine hemoglobin,简称BHb)与纳米雄黄的相互作用。从紫外-可见吸收光谱可观察到,随着纳米雄黄浓度的增加,牛血红蛋白406 nm附近的特征Soret吸收带红移至413 nm,且强度逐渐降低。强度的降低表明纳米雄黄可能使部分血红素辅基逐渐从它们的键腔中脱离出来。特征峰位的红移推测为纳米雄黄中的砷结合了血红蛋白中的氧,诱导血红蛋白脱氧,变成脱氧血红蛋白,其构象由R态转变成T态。由荧光光谱研究可以得出随着纳米雄黄浓度的增加,牛血红蛋白338 nm处的荧光强度逐渐减弱,Stern-Volmer方程分析表明,纳米雄黄静态猝灭牛血红蛋白的内源荧光。紫外-可见吸收光谱与荧光光谱的计算结果均表明,牛血红蛋白与纳米雄黄的结合常数k的数量级达到109。     

可见光谱法研究肌红蛋白血红素铁与金属离子相互作用(Ⅰ)

肌红蛋白(Myoglobin,Mb)是哺乳动物细胞主要是肌细胞贮存和分配氧的蛋白质, 由一条多肽链和一个血红素辅基构成,其血红素铁在氧气的传递和运输中起到关键作用。文章利用紫外-可见光谱法对肌红蛋白的血红素铁和外加金属离子M(Ⅱ)[Cu(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ)和Co(Ⅱ)] 的直接相互作用进行了研究。结果发现, 金属离子M(Ⅱ)与肌红蛋白活性中心的Fe(Ⅱ)发生了直接相互作用,外加金属离子将铁离子从肌红蛋白中“拖拽”出来,形成部分空位肌红蛋白衍生物。同时研究了外界条件,如离子浓度对这种相互作用的影响,发现随着外加金属离子量的增加这种相互作用逐渐增强,其作用强度依次为Co(Ⅱ)＞Zn(Ⅱ)＞Cu(Ⅱ)。 研究证实了肌红蛋白的血红素铁与金属离子之间存在直接相互作用,并且离子浓度对这种相互作用有影响。     

荧光光谱法研究咖啡因与肌红蛋白的相互作用

采用荧光光谱法在生理pH 7.4条件下研究了药物咖啡因与肌红蛋白分子间的相互作用,表明这种相互作用能使肌红蛋白的内源荧光猝灭。通过猝灭常数,结合常数和结合位点数的计算,证明此猝灭为静态猝灭机制。咖啡因和肌红蛋白形成1∶1稳定配合物,形成常数(18 ℃)K_A=1.82×104 L·mol-1;根据热力学参数确定了它们之间的主要作用力为疏水力和静电力。利用同步荧光光谱法研究了咖啡因对肌红蛋白构象的影响。咖啡因能使肌红蛋白的构象发生改变,导致蛋白质分子中色氨酸和酪氨酸残基所处微环境由原来的疏水环境不同程度地向亲水环境转变。     

新型含芘荧光探针分子与蛋白质相互作用的光谱研究

利用荧光发射光谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱,研究了新型含芘荧光探针分子芘丁酰谷氨酸(PLE)和芘甲酰谷氨酸(PYE)与溶菌酶(Lyso)和牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用,分析了结合过程和机理。结果显示:不同间隔链长度的探针分子在与Lyso作用时,表现的光谱性质差别不大,这主要是由于探针分子结合到了Lyso的表面;而不同间隔链长度的探针分子在与BSA作用过程中,却表现不同的光物理性质,这可能是探针分子作用于BSA空腔时其结合位点或者结合方式的不同引起的。目前的研究对揭示蛋白质分子的识别位点和定位切割具有重要的意义。     

肌红蛋白与生物碱相互作用的光谱性质研究

用分子荧光光谱法和紫外可见分光光度法研究了肌红蛋白（myoglobin,Mb）与咖啡因、茶碱相互作用的光谱性质变化。据Stern-Volmer图得到猝灭常数,由紫外-可见吸收光谱判断均为静态猝灭,通过热力学常数得出其相互作用力为静电作用,依据Foerster偶极-偶极无辐射能量转移理论计算出Mb与生物碱间的距离,并用同步荧光光谱技术考察了生物碱对Mb构象的影响。     

光谱法研究山奈酚与ct-DNA的相互作用

利用紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱研究了黄酮类化合物山奈酚与小牛胸腺DNA（ct-DNA）之间的相互作用。随着DNA的加入,山奈酚的吸收光谱逐渐发生明显的红移和减色效应,通过双倒数法拟合分析,得到山奈酚与ct-DNA的结合常数为1.2×10^4。山奈酚自身荧光很弱,与DNA结合后其荧光明显增强,表明山奈酚可以作为荧光探针来开展与生物大分子相互作用的研究。     

防己诺林碱与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的研究

在不同温度下,用荧光猝灭光谱、同步荧光光谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱,研究了防己诺林碱与BSA相互作用的光谱学行为。防己诺林碱对BSA有较强的荧光猝灭作用。根据不同温度下防己诺林碱对BSA的荧光猝灭作用,利用Stern-Volmer方程处理实验数据,表明防己诺林碱对BSA的荧光猝灭作用属于静态猝灭。根据Frster非辐射能量转移理论计算出了防己诺林碱与BSA间的结合距离R(27 ℃ 2.51 nm; 37 ℃ 2.72 nm; 47℃ 2.89 nm)、结合常数K_A(27 ℃ 1.05×105 L·mol-1; 37 ℃ 3.31×105 L·mol-1; 47 ℃ 7.24×105 L·mol-1)及对应温度下的热力学参数。热力学数据表明二者主要靠疏水作用力结合,同时用同步荧光光谱探讨了防己诺林碱对BSA构象的影响。     

烟碱与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的光谱研究

在0.1 mol·L-1的磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸体系中,采用荧光光谱、紫外吸收光谱研究了牛血清白蛋白(BSA)与烟碱的相互作用。荧光滴定表明这种相互作用使BSA的内源荧光猝灭,尼古丁和BSA形成1∶1稳定复合物。不同温度和酸度下的猝灭作用证实其静态猝灭行为和疏水作用机制。紫外吸收光谱和同步荧光光谱表明,相互作用引起BSA构象变化,而同步荧光光谱提示结合位点更接近于色氨酸。     

光谱法研究染料木素与人血清白蛋白的相互作用

用荧光猝灭光谱、同步荧光光谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱研究了染料木素与人血清白蛋白(HSA)的相互作用。结果表明染料木素对HSA的荧光猝灭作用属于二者形成复合物所引起的静态猝灭;利用Stern-Volmer方程处理实验数据,得到染料木素与HSA之间的结合常数K_A为1.00×106(27 ℃),1.66×106(37 ℃)和5.25×106(47 ℃)。根据Frster非辐射能量转移理论,求出了染料木素与HSA之间的结合距离为2.59 nm(27 ℃),2.65 nm(37 ℃)和2.90 nm(47 ℃)。通过计算热力学参数,可知该药物与人血清白蛋白的相互作用是一个吉布斯自由能降低的自发过程,且二者之间的主要作用力类型为静电引力,同时用同步荧光光谱探讨了染料木素对HSA构象的影响。     

Spectroscopic studies on the interaction between ZnSe nanoparticles with bovine serum albumin

The interaction between ZnSe nanoparticles (NPs) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by UV–vis, fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. The results showed that the fluorescence of BSA was strongly quenched by ZnSe NPs and the quenching mechanism was discussed to be a static quenching procedure, which was proved by quenching constant (K_q). The recorded UV–vis data and the fluorescence data quenching by the ZnSe NPs showed that the interaction between them leads to the formation of ZnSe–BSA complex. Based on the synchronous fluorescence spectra, it was established that the conformational change of BSA was induced by the interaction of ZnSe with the tyrosine micro-region of the BSA molecules. Furthermore, the temperature effects on the structural and spectroscopic properties of individual ZnSe NPs and protein and their bioconjugates (ZnSe–BSA) were also researched. It was found that, compared to the monotonic decrease of the individual ZnSe NPs fluorescence intensity, the temperature dependence of the ZnSe–BSA emission had a much more complex behavior, which was highly sensitive to the conformational changes of the protein.     

Spectroscopic studies on the interaction of serum albumins with plant derived natural molecules

Serum Albumins are the most abundant transport protein and they are important in the transport and delivery of small molecules and drugs to different parts of the body. Their binding with various ligand molecules has an important role in the pharmaco-kinetic behavior of these molecules. Plant derived natural molecules; flavonoids, alkaloids, stilbenes and coumarins, possess valuable pharmacological and therapeutic potentials. Their interaction with serum albumins is an area of interest for many researchers. This article reviews the interaction of flavonoids, alkaloids, stilbenes and coumarins with human and bovine serum albumins studied using various spectroscopic techniques such as uv-visible absorption, fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and molecular modeling methods. The present review will throw light on selecting, designing and optimizing these molecules for biomedical applications which can selectively target their binding sites.     

Spectroscopic studies on the interaction between disperse blue SBL and bovine serum albumin

The interaction of disperse blue SBL (DBSBL) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated using fluorescence, UV-visible and far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The results showed that the fluorescence of BSA was quenched by DBSBL through static quenching after correcting for the inner filter effects (IFE). The binding constant K_b of DBSBL with BSA at 288, 298 and 303 K were 0.116×10⁶, 3.18×10⁶ and 12.3×10⁶ L mol⁻¹, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters, standard enthalpy change (ΔH⁰) and standard entropy change (ΔS⁰), for the reaction were evaluated to be 227.2 kJ mol⁻¹ and 886 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹ according to the van’t Hoff equation. The above data suggested that the forces acting between DBSBL and BSA were predominantly hydrophobic interactions. The results of UV-visible absorption and far-UV CD spectroscopy also revealed that the conformation and microenvironment of BSA molecule were changed after DBSBL binding to BSA. At 288 K one binding site was present but at higher temperatures a second binding site was detected between DBSBL and the BSA molecule. The lower bound for the distance between the bound dye and the Trp residue is 2.35 nm as calculated from Forster energy transfer.     

Spectroscopic studies on the interaction of bovine serum albumin with ginkgolic acid: Binding characteristics and structural analysis

The interaction between ginkgolic acid (GA, C15:0) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) is investigated by several spectroscopic methodologies. At first, the binding characteristics of GA and BSA are determined by fluorescence emission spectra. It is showed that GA quenches the fluorescence of BSA and the static quenching constant K_LB is 11.7891×10⁴ L mol^?1 s^?1 at 297 K. GA and BSA form a 1:1 complex with a binding constant of 9.12×10⁵ L mol^?1. GA binds to the Sudlow's drug binding site II in BSA, and the binding distance between them is calculated as 1.63 nm based on the Förster theory. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that the interaction between BSA and GA is driven mainly by hydrophobic forces. On the other hand, structural analysis indicates that GA binding results in an increased hydrophobicity around the tryptophan residues of BSA as revealed by the synchronous fluorescence spectra, and a decrease in α-helix as revealed by the far-UV CD spectra. In addition, ANS, UV–vis and RLS experiments confirmed that GA binding causes a certain structural changes in BSA. These findings provide the binding information between BSA and GA, and may be helpful for pharmacokinetics and the design of dosage forms of GA.     

Spectroscopic studies of 7, 8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin and its interaction with bovine serum albumin

The absorption and fluorescence spectra of 7, 8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (DHMC) in ethanol-water (1:9 v/v) solution at varying pH values were investigated . The interaction between DHMC and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by fluorescence, FT-IR, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The Stern-Volmer quenching constant (K_SV), the quenching rate constant of the bimolecular reaction (K_q), the binding constant, and number of binding sites (n) of DHMC with BSA were evaluated. The results showed that DHMC quenches the fluorescence intensity of BSA through a static quenching process. Positive value of entropy change (ΔS) and negative value of enthalpy change (ΔH) of the BSA-DHMC interaction were obtained according to the van't Hoff equation. The interaction between DHMC and BSA was driven mainly by hydrophobic forces. The binding process was spontaneous and exothermic. The binding distance between the tryptophan residue in BSA and the DHMC was found to be about 2.6 nm based on the Förster theory of non-radiation energy transfer.     

Spectroscopic studies on aquatic angiosperm

Reflectance, transmittance and absorbance spectra were observed of Hydrobryum japonicum, a kind of Aquatic angiosperm, over the wavelength range from 300 to 780 nm. Three remarkable peaks were observed at 380, 430, and at 680 nm in the absorbance curve, which were assigned to the two pigments flavonoid and chlorophyll. The functions of these pigments of making photosynthesis inevitable for the botanical activity and of protecting the plant from the heat given by the sunlight were discussed.     

Spectroscopic study on the interaction of eugenol with salmon sperm DNA in vitro

Fluorescence spectra, absorption spectra, melting temperature, ionic strength effect, and viscosity experiments were described that characterize the interaction of eugenol with salmon sperm DNA in vitro. Eugenol was found to bind but weakly to DNA, with binding constants of 4.23×10³, 3.62×10³ and 2.47×10³ L mol^?1 at 18, 28 and 38 °C respectively. The Stern–Volmer plots at different temperatures suggested that the quenching type of fluorescence of eugenol by DNA was a static quenching. Both the relative viscosity and the melting temperature of DNA were increased by the addition of eugenol. The changes of ionic strength had no affect on the binding. In addition, the binding constant of eugenol with single stranded DNA (ssDNA) was larger than that of eugenol with double stranded DNA (dsDNA). These results revealed that the binding mode of eugenol to DNA was intercalative binding. The thermodynamic parameters ΔH, ΔG and ΔS were also obtained according to the Van't Hoff equations, which suggested that hydrogen bond or van der Waals force might play an important role in a binding of eugenol to DNA. Based on the theory of the Förster energy transference, the binding distance between DNA and eugenol was determined as 4.40 nm, indicating that the static fluorescence quenching of eugenol by DNA was also a non-radiation energy transfer process.     

Spectroscopic studies of the sulphur afterglow

The afterglow emission spectrum of sulphur and argon mixture is found to consist of (a) the main band system of S₂(B³Σ^-_u?X³Σ^-_g) in the region 3200–6600 Å and (b) the atomic spectrum of argon in the 7500–9000 Å region. Although B?X bands of S₂ obtained by ordinary excitation extends from 2829 to 7100 Å, the lower wavelength limit of these bands from the afterglow is only 3200Å. It is proposed that the S₂ molecules are formed in the B³Σ^-_u state through inverse predissociation when two S atoms approach each other along the potential curve of the predissociating electronic state 1_u.