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本文讨论了信用衍生产品之一的总收益互换的定价问题. 其中涉及到利率风险和违约风险, 本文利用HJM利率模型来刻画利率风险, 并利用强度模型和混合模型对违约风险进行建模. 分别考虑了违约时间与利率无关时总收益互换合约的定价问题, 以及违约时间与利率相关时总收益互换合约的定价问题, 给出了相应的定价模型, 并用蒙特卡罗模拟方法得到定价问题的数值解.     

隐含风险中性分布在巨灾超额损失再保险定价中的应用

通过与标的风险相关的期权市场估计出隐含变换系数,然后以Esscher变换为工具,将巨灾损失统计分布风险中性化,从而对以该非交易风险为标的的巨灾超额损失再保险进行定价.同时,从期权定价的角度,结合Weibull极值分布和超额损失再保险的特点,给出了巨灾超额损失再保险定价的闭型表达式.     

金融危机与一般均衡下的CDO定价

传统的CDO根据无套利原理,将信用风险的保险费和违约后的回收金额两个现金流进行复制得出定价,注重金融市场局部均衡.然而无套利均衡定价的思路只针对存在套利机会的资产市场的局部均衡,使得该均衡与基础资产的联系不强.而一般均衡分析,可以引入实体经济的因素,有利于防止CDO定价的泡沫风险.因此文章在CDO定价中引入实体经济要素,证明一般均衡下CDO定价相比无套利定价有更丰富更敏感的风险刻画能力.实证结果发现,一般均衡定价相当于无套利定价加上修正项,且在高风险时期两者价差高于低风险时期,这是由于无套利定价忽略了实体经济的风险.因此CDO产品的无套利定价很可能存在着泡沫而导致资源配置扭曲.最后,文章认为CDO可以预防定价风险,用于解决地方政府债务问题,并提出相关的风险控制建议.     

跳-扩散碳排放市场模型下的碳配额价格与期权定价

研究碳排放市场中碳配额价格与期权定价的相关问题.通过引入基于跳-扩散过程建模碳排放量过程与相应的违约事件.利用风险中性定价理论,刻画碳配额期货价格公式.最后,研究以期货合约为标的资产的欧式期权定价问题.     

组合类信用互换BDS的定价研究

由于组合类信用违约互换(BDS)的定价复杂性,目前没有统一的定价模型。基于风险中性定价原则,给出了mBDS公平保费的一个定价公式。应用Clayton Copula函数的来描述违约损失尾部相关的下尾特征,利用Kenclall秩相关系数τ来测度违约时间之间的非线性相关关系。在MC数值计算方面,应用重要性抽样技术来计算或有赔付的期望值E(Z_(pro)~(m))和定期支付的保费E(Z_(pre)~(m)),并进行了比较静态分析。另外数值分析结果表明,Copula函数的选择对估值具有显著影响,表明在衍生品的定价研究中要重视模型风险问题。     

混合模型下具有动态违约边界的债券定价

在混合模型下,研究了具有动态违约边界的公司债券定价问题.首先利用风险中性定价原理建立此定价问题的数学模型.然后,应用函数代换技巧和偏微分方程镜像法给出模型的显式解.最后,通过一个算例分析动态违约边界对公司债券价格的影响.结果表明:通过调整违约边界的相关参数值,可以得到不同形状的债券价格曲线,进而控制风险或得到更高的债券收益率.     

基于分数维Vasicek利率模型的CDS定价

本文研究CDS的定价问题, 其中涉及到利率风险和传染风险. 文中用分数维Vasicek利率模型刻画利率风险, 对公司的违约强度进行建模, 给出了违约与利率相关时风险债券的价格, 并在此基础上得到CDS的价格.     

隐私成本的模型研究

随着大数据时代的到来,数据的隐私、安全成本成为重要的研究课题.本文给出隐私定价模型的相关概念与问题描述,从价格和风险两方面探讨了隐私定价的相关参数和度量,包括隐私的内涵、内容和与价格相关的各种因素.隐私的定价机制应该包含选择合适的定价理论、定价模型,我们基于均衡价格理论,短期内个人信息价格是由供求均衡点决定,长期竞争均衡时价格等于长期平均成本的最低值,建立层次分析法、数学规划等数学模型方法解决隐私定价问题,并进行模拟计算.此外,对个人信息的市场供求关系、代际差异、政策法规与政府作用进行了讨论.     

修整保费——一个新的定价模型

在期望原理保费与个体风险的风险调整保费定价模型的基础上,引入修整系数β,得到了一个组合风险的定价模型—修整保费,从而解决了在大量个体风险并存的保险业务和多项投资中,如何合理地对组合风险进行定价的问题.     

基本资产不可交易的实物期权定价方法研究

实物期权定价面临的一个主要问题是其基本资产不可交易问题，在这种情况下，通常的解决办法是在市场中寻找一个与该基本资产最为相关的可交易资产，利用可交易资产的价格信息来对特定实物期权进行定价和风险对冲。本应用随机动态规划法，确定实物期权的最优风险对冲策略所满足的偏微分方程。利用无套利原理，同时还可以得到实物期权的近似市场定价。     

Interest rate swap pricing with default risk under variance gamma process

Under the assumption that the dynamic assets price follows the variance gamma process, we establish a new bilateral pricing model of interest rate swap by integrating the reduced form model for swap pricing and the structural model for default risk measurement. Our pricing model preserves the simplicity of the reduced form model and also considers the dynamic evolution of the counterparty assets price by incorporating with the structural model for default risk measurement. We divide the swap pricing framework into two parts, simplifying the pricing model relatively. Simulation results show that, for a one year interest rate swap, a bond spread of one hundred basis points implies a swap credit spread about 0.1054 basis point.     

不完全市场的保险定价研究

完全市场上的保险定价问题是人们比较熟悉的研究内容,但它不符合市场实际.本文在不完全市场上研究保险定价的问题.通过对累积保险损失的分析,建立在累积赌付下的保险定价模型;基于对一个无风险资产和有限多个风险资产的投资,建立保险投资定价模型.通过变形,得到相应的保险价格的倒向随机微分方程,并利用倒向随机微分方程的理论和方法,得到了相应的保险价格公式.最后,给出释例进行了分析.本文的研究,不用考虑死亡率、损失的概率分布等因素,为保险定价提供了新的思路,丰富了有限的保险定价方法.     

基于近似对冲跳跃风险的美式看跌期权定价及数值解法研究

考虑了基于近似对冲跳跃风险的美式看跌期权定价问题。首先,运用近似对冲跳跃风险、广义It 公式及无套利原理,得到了跳-扩散过程下的期权定价模型及期权价格所满足的偏微分方程。然后建立了美式看跌期权定价模型的隐式差分近似格式,并且证明了该差分格式具有的相容性、适定性、稳定性和收敛性。最后,数值实验表明,用本文方法为跳-扩散模型中的美式期权定价是可行的和有效的。     

Pricing Variance Swaps in a Hybrid Model of Stochastic Volatility and Interest Rate with Regime-Switching

In this paper, we consider the problem of pricing discretely-sampled variance swaps based on a hybrid model of stochastic volatility and stochastic interest rate with regime-switching. Our modeling framework extends the Heston stochastic volatility model by including the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) stochastic interest rate model. In addition, certain model parameters in our model switch according to a continuous-time observable Markov chain process. This enables our model to capture several macroeconomic issues such as alternating business cycles. A semi-closed form pricing formula for variance swaps is derived. The pricing formula is assessed through numerical implementation, where we validate our pricing formula against the Monte Carlo simulation. The impact of incorporating regime-switching for pricing variance swaps is also discussed, where variance swaps prices with and without regime-switching effects are examined in our model. We also explore the economic consequence for the prices of variance swaps by allowing the Heston-CIR model to switch across three different regimes.     

空间众包环境下的任务定价模型研究

在综合考虑平台、商家和会员三方相互作用的基础上,通过建立包含任务动态分配机制的动态规划模型,结合金融定价思想刻画任务定价问题,并通过空间可视化对珠三角地区劳务众包平台数据进行实证研究.为提高模型的实用性,利用K-means聚类分析对任务打包并引入激励规则对动态定价模型进行了改进.最后,通过模拟仿真得出改进后模型的任务完成率为88.10%,相比平台现有定价模型(62.50%)和改进前的动态定价模型(85.20%)任务完成情况有较大幅度的提升.为基于地理位置的服务平台的商品定价、以及地理位置信息与平台会员的关系等实证和应用研究提供了理论与实践参考.     

A model and some evidence on pricing compound call options

The most widely accepted option pricing model, derived by Black and Scholes (B-S), studies single priced options. Nevertheless, it has important implications for the relative pricing of compound call options. Compound options are two or more option contracts on a given security with different striking prices but with each expiring on the same day.Studying the relative pricing of compound options provides insight into the efficiency of generally accepted option pricing models. Comparing prices of compound options enables us to analyze factors in option pricing that would remain hidden in studies of single options.We are not primarily concerned with efficiency of option pricing, although some of our results may bear on this issue. Our primary concerns are: (1) to determine the implications of the B-S model for compound options and (2) to explain compound option prices by a number of variables, and thus come to conclusions about option pricing generally.We found difficulty with the B-S model when attempting to explain the relative pricing of compound options. Further, from empirical tests, we found that the most important factor in explaining the relative pricing of compound options is the relative degree of leverage which is operative between the various components of a compound option set.     

股票价格遵循几何分式Brown运动的期权定价

讨论了股票价格过程遵循几何分式B row n运动的欧式期权定价.由于该过程存在套利机会使得传统的期权定价方法(如资本资产定价模型(CAPM),套利定价模型(APT),动态均衡定价理论(DEPT))不可能对该期权定价.利用保险精算定价法,在对市场无其它任何假设条件下,获得了欧式期权的定价公式.并讨论了在有效期内股票支付已知红利和红利率的推广公式.     

带有网络外部性的动态寡头垄断定价

给出了带有网络外部性的两阶段寡头垄断定价模型,并用博弈论方法求解.通过与带有网络外部性的完全垄断定价模型的比较,得出重要结论:在网络外部性足够大的情况下,①寡头竞争情况下与完全垄断下情况一样,“科斯假设”将得到克服,均衡定价将呈现先低后高的情况.②对于完全垄断厂商来说,网络外部性k的增加能够增加其利润,但对于寡头竞争的企业来说,正好相反,k的增加将导致其利润的下降.     

一种无风险利率时变条件下的Black-Scholes期权定价模型

本文研究了无风险利率改进的Black-Scholes期权定价模型问题.利用指数函数和Ito公式的方法,获得了一种改进的Black-Scholes期权定价模型,推广了现有Black-Scholes期权定价模型的结果.     

Strategic Manipulation Approach for Solving Negotiated Transfer Pricing Problem

This paper suggests an approach for solving the transfer pricing problem, where negotiation between divisions is carried out considering the manipulation game theory model for a multidivisional firm. The manipulation equilibrium point is conceptualized under the Machiavellian social theory, represented by three concepts: views, tactics and immorality. In this approach, we are considering a non-cooperative model for the transfer pricing problem: a game model involving manipulating and manipulated players engaged cooperatively in a Nash game, restricted by a Stackelberg game. The cooperation is represented by the Nash bargaining solution. The transfer pricing problem is conceptualized as a strong Stackelberg game involving manipulating and manipulated divisions. This structure established conditions of unequal relative power among divisions, where high-power divisions tend to be abusive and less powerful divisions have a tendency to behave compliantly. For computation purposes, we transform the Stackelberg game model into a Nash game, where every division is able of manipulative behavior to some degree: the Nash game relaxes the interpretation of the manipulation game and the equilibrium selection for the transfer pricing problem. The manipulation dynamics and rationality proposed for the transfer pricing problem correspond to many real-world negotiation situations. We present an example, that illustrates how manipulation can be employed to solve the transfer pricing problem in a multidivisional firm.