Validation of quartz crystal rheometry in the megahertz frequency regime

The utility of the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) as a high‐frequency rheometer operating at 15 MHz was demonstrated. High‐frequency data obtained from a series of rubbery materials were compared with results obtained from traditional dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) at much lower frequencies. The high‐frequency data enable meaningful shift factors to be obtained at temperatures much further above glass‐transition temperature (T _g) than would otherwise be possible, giving a more complete picture of the temperature dependence of the viscoelastic properties. The QCM can also be used to quantify mass uptake and changes in viscoelastic properties during sample oxidation. The viscoelastic response spanning the full range of behaviors from the rubber to glassy regimes was found to fit well with a six‐element model consisting of three power‐law springpot elements. One of these elements is particularly sensitive to the behavior in the transition regime where the phase angle is maximized. The value of this quantity is obtained from the maximum phase angle, which can be obtained from a temperature sweep at fixed frequency, proving a means for more detailed frequency‐dependent rheometric information to be obtained from a fixed‐frequency measurement at a range of temperatures. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019 , 57, 1246–1254     

Stabilization of a viscoelastic rotating Euler‐Bernoulli beam

In this paper, we consider a rotating Euler‐Bernoulli beam. The beam is made of a viscoelastic material, and it is subject to undesirable vibrations. Under a suitable control torque applied at the motor, we prove the arbitrary stabilization of the system for a large class of relaxation functions by using the multiplier method and some ideas introduced by Tatar (J. Math. Phys. 52:013502, 2011).     

Vibrations of a continuous web on elastic supports

We consider an infinite, homogenous linearly elastic beam resting on a system of linearly elastic supports, as an idealized model for a paper web in the middle of a cylinder-based dryer section. We obtain closed-form analytical expressions for the eigenfrequencies and the eigenmodes. The frequencies increase as the support rigidity is increased. Each frequency is bounded from above by the solution with absolutely rigid supports, and from below by the solution in the limit of vanishing support rigidity. Thus in a real system, the natural frequencies will be lower than predicted by commonly used models with rigid supports.     

Modified Burgers-Reimschuessel model for moisture-sensitive polymers

Viscoelastic properties of moisture-sensitive polymers can be significantly affected by moisture in the ambient environment, resulting in drastic changes in the properties as the absorbed moisture content increases. In this article, a simple yet important modification to the Reimschuessel model is introduced by considering both plasticization and anti-plasticization induced by water molecules. The proposed model is validated against the results of four different polymers obtained by Onogi et al., which demonstrates its capability of describing the available data. This model can be used to estimate the performance and service life of products produced using moisture-sensitive polymers. It also reveals that small amounts of diffused moisture might have a stiffening effect on the mechanical properties of hydrophilic polymers.     

Effect of wall slip on the viscoelastic particle ordering in a microfluidic channel

The formation of a line of equally spaced particles at the centerline of a microchannel, referred as “particle ordering,” is desired in several microfluidic applications. Recent experiments and simulations highlighted the capability of viscoelastic fluids to form a row of particles characterized by a preferential spacing. When dealing with non-Newtonian fluids in microfluidics, the adherence condition of the liquid at the channel wall may be violated and the liquid can slip over the surface, possibly affecting the ordering efficiency. In this work, we investigate the effect of wall slip on the ordering of particles suspended in a viscoelastic liquid by numerical simulations. The dynamics of a triplet of particles in an infinite cylindrical channel is first addressed by solving the fluid and particle governing equations. The relative velocities computed for the three-particle system are used to predict the dynamics of a train of particles flowing in a long microchannel. The distributions of the interparticle spacing evaluated at different slip coefficients, linear particle concentrations, and distances from the channel inlet show that wall slip slows down the self-assembly mechanism. For strong slipping surfaces, no significant change of the initial microstructure is observed at low particle concentrations, whereas strings of particles in contact form at higher concentrations. The detrimental effect of wall slip on viscoelastic ordering suggests care when designing microdevices, especially in case of hydrophobic surfaces that may enhance the slipping phenomenon.     

Prestrained biaxial DMA investigation of viscoelastic nonlinearities in highly filled elastomers

Highly filled elastomers present strong nonlinear mechanical behavior. This study proposes a biaxial dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) experiment to study the prestrain induced nonlinearity. This phenomenon has already been observed for uniaxial tests, revealing an increase of the amplitude of the dynamic modulus with prestrain. The novelty proposed here is to investigate the problem under biaxial conditions. For this purpose, a specific apparatus and an appropriate specimen have been designed. Strains and stresses have been measured using localization formulae and compared with measurements from digital image correlation and finite element computations. Biaxial DMA tests were performed on a propellant specimen, for different values of biaxial prestrain. The material is a highly filled elastomer with an important influence of the prestrain on the global viscoelastic behavior. The results exhibit increasing amplitude of the complex modulus with increasing prestrain, as in uniaxial experiments. Moreover, the dependence can be characterized using the second invariant of the prestrain, and the viscoelastic behavior is modeled using a closed-form spectrum of relaxation times.     

A statistical approach to characterize the viscoelastic creep compliances of a vinyl ester polymer

The objective of this study was to develop a model to predict the viscoelastic material functions of a vinyl ester (VE) polymer with variations in its experimentally obtained material properties under combined isothermal and mechanical loading. Short-term tensile creep experiments were conducted at three temperatures below the glass transition temperature of the VE polymer, with 10 replicates for each test configuration. The measured creep strain versus time responses were used to determine the creep compliances using the generalized viscoelastic constitutive equation with a Prony series representation. The variation in the creep compliances of a VE polymer was described by formulating the probability density functions (PDFs) and the corresponding cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of the creep compliances using a two-parameter Weibull distribution. Both Weibull scale and shape parameters of the creep compliance distributions were shown to be time and temperature dependent. Two-dimensional quadratic Lagrange interpolation functions were used to characterize the Weibull parameters to obtain the PDFs and, subsequently, the CDFs of the creep compliances for the complete design temperature range during steady state creep. At each test temperature, creep compliance curves were obtained for constant CDF values and compared with the experimental data. The predicted creep compliances of the selected VE polymer in the design space are in good agreement with the experimental data for all three test temperatures.     

In Situ Synthesis of Imidazolium‐Crosslinked Ionogels via Debus–Radziszewski Reaction Based on PAMAM Dendrimers in Imidazolium Ionic liquid

This study reports a remarkably facile method to synthesize novel ionogels with imidazolium cycle crosslinks based on polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers via one‐pot, modified Debus–Radziszewski reaction in ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM][OAc]). High room temperature ionic conductivity (up to 6.8 mS cm⁻¹) is achieved, and more remarkably, it can still exceed 1 mS cm⁻¹ when the dendrimer content reached 70% because PAMAM dendrimers are completely amorphous with many cavities and the newly formed imidazolium crosslinks contains ions. The elastic modulus of these ionogels can exceed 10⁶ Pa due to the newly‐formed rigid imidazolium crosslinks. Crucially, these ionogels are robust gels even at temperatures up to 160 °C. Such novel ionogels with high ionic conductivity, tunable modulus, and flexibility are desirable for use in high‐temperature flexible electrochemical devices.     

沥青混凝土面板低温疲劳破坏的实验研究

我国北方地区的土石坝和水池的防渗沥青混凝土面板,常出现低温裂缝。因此,对沥青混凝土在低温条件下的温度应力疲劳进行实验研究很有必要.本项研究研制了适用于沥青混凝土低温低周大变形的弯曲疲劳试验机,进行了沥青混凝土在不同低温下的疲劳破坏性能试验。对试验结果用粘弹性理论和推广的应变区分法(SRP)和应变能区分法(SEP)进行了分析,首次得出了沥青混凝土的疲劳寿命与弯曲应力、应变和应变能的关系,并试用于实际工程的予测.     

一种新的摄动粘弹性边界元法

本文在拉普拉斯变换空间中,运用摄动理论和“弹性-粘弹性”对应性原理,提出了一种新的粘弹性问题边界元求解法。文中结合广义变分原理,导出了摄动粘弹性边界元方程,并给出了摄动粘弹性问题的基本解。最后,详述了一阶摄动的求解过程,并给出了算例。