涡轮盘榫槽疲劳/蠕变交互作用的寿命研究

本文对涡轮盘榫槽的疲劳/蠕变行为,采用非线性有限元进行了分析研究,根据发动机的工作特点,在计算应力-应变时,分别对疲劳和蠕变进行处理,在作寿命判断时,则考虑二者的交互作用,结果表明:无论用应变范围区分法(SRP),或应变能区分法(SEP),两种方法的计算寿命值与发动机的实际寿命值是很吻合的,它给研究发动机重要零件的寿命,提供了一种有价值的方法。     

Q345低周疲劳性能与疲劳寿命预测分析

本文对结构用钢Q345的低周疲劳性能进行了试验研究。试验在常温下岛津电液伺服疲劳试验机上进行,采用轴向应变控制方法,恒定应变速率为0.005s-1,应变比为-1。试验结果表明,初始阶段,Q345在高应变幅值(0.6%)循环作用下出现循环硬化效应,而在低应变幅值(0.6%)作用下出现循环软化效应;随着加载应变幅的增加,硬化和软化率呈直线上升趋势。Q345疲劳裂纹萌生阶段占其整个寿命的60%以上,其裂纹萌生寿命与应变幅存在幂函数关系。根据Coffin-Manson公式得到了Q345的应变-寿命关系公式;采用能量预测法得到了材料的塑性应变能与疲劳寿命的关系表达式。上述结果对钢结构的设计、评估具有重要的工程应用参考价值。     

基于抗压强度推测的水工混凝土疲劳残余应变研究

提出一种使用混凝土破坏前的应力应变发展曲线, 来推求混凝土抗压强度和 峰值应变的方法. 经过试验验证, 该方法具有较高的精度, 并可以得到疲劳试 验时真实的应力水平. 在MTS 810 TestStar材料试验系统上对C15水工混凝土开 展了受压疲劳试验. 通过试验数据分析, 得到疲劳残余应变发展规律公式、疲劳 失稳判据、疲劳寿命估算式及疲劳强度等, 对水工建筑物 的疲劳损伤分析与评定具有指导意义.     

镍基单晶合金多轴非比例加载低周疲劳研究

基于正交设计, 分别在680℃和850℃下进行DD3镍基单晶合金薄壁圆管试样([001]取向)拉/扭非比例加载低周疲劳试验, 研究等效应变范围、应变路径角、拉/扭载荷相位角、循环特性和温度诸因素对镍基单晶合金多轴低周疲劳寿命的影响作用. 疲劳试验数据的极差分析表明, 应变路径角、拉/扭载荷相位角和等效应变范围是影响疲劳寿命的主要因素. 将菱形应变加载路径区分为比例加载段和非比例加载段, 提出了表征非比例加载效应的等效应变参量, 并通过引入单晶应变三轴性因子反映拉/扭应变路径角对多轴疲劳寿命的影响. 用考虑非比例加载效应的等效应变范围和单晶应变三轴性因子构造循环塑性应变能损伤参量, 进行多元线性回归分析, 疲劳寿命回归模型与试验寿命具有很好的相关性, 所有试验数据都落在2.0倍的偏差分布带之内.      

FRP约束混凝土快速荷载下应力应变关系初探

在四种不同约束比下FRP(fiberreinforcesplastic)约束混凝土柱静力性能试验的基础上,选定一种约束比,进行了FRP约束混凝土柱在三种应变速率下的快速加载试验,研究其在快速荷载下的力学行为。结果表明,FRP约束混凝土在快速荷载作用下,其强度与极限应变随应变速率的增加而增大并与对数应变速率成较好的线性关系,其应变速率敏感性远高于无约束混凝土,且应力应变关系曲线大致呈一条平滑曲线。根据试验结果拟合了FRP约束混凝土在快速荷载下强度与极限应变的经验公式,并对其应力应变关系进行了初步探索。     

镍基单晶合金非对称循环载荷低周疲劳实验研究与寿命预测

对三种不同晶体取向的DD3单晶合金试样在680℃温度下进行非对称循低周疲劳试验,表明晶体取向对疲劳寿命有显著影响.用取向函数修正总应变范围可在很大程度上消除晶体取向对疲劳寿命的影响,引入参量k表示非对称循环载荷对疲劳寿命的影响,它与循环寿命之间呈幂函数关系.根据影响单晶合金低周疲劳寿命的主要因素,提出由总应变范围、取向函数和参量k构成循环塑性应变能的计算方法。用塑性应变能作为损伤参量导出单晶合金低周疲劳寿命预测模型,利用DD3单晶合金低周疲劳试验数据进行验证,光滑试样和缺口试样试验数据分别落在2.6倍和2倍的偏差分布带内.     

沥青混合料的粘弹性疲劳损伤模型研究

从沥青混合料的黏弹性本构模型出发，按应变等效假设 将损伤引进本构模型，推导周期应力条件下含损伤的耗散能表达式，进而得到黏弹性损伤演 化方程和疲劳方程；该模型可以综合反映应力、加载频率和温度的影响，适合用来分析沥青 路面的疲劳损伤问题；利用MTS开展了沥青混合料的疲劳损伤试验，确定了相应的黏弹性疲 劳损伤模型参数，据此开展了模型验证，结果表明模型与实测值之间相关性很好.     

聚酯纤维对透水沥青混凝土冲击压缩性能的影响

为研究聚酯纤维对透水沥青混凝土冲击压缩性能的影响,采用?74 mm钢质分离式霍普金森压杆装置对掺杂不同质量分数的聚酯纤维透水沥青混凝土进行冲击压缩实验。在静态和4个应变率下的实验结果表明,透水聚酯纤维沥青混凝土是应变率敏感性材料,具有较强应变率效应。透水聚酯纤维沥青混凝土具有较好的延展性,动态应力应变曲线分为3个阶段:弹性变形阶段、塑性变形阶段和破坏阶段。当应变率相同时,随着掺杂聚酯纤维质量分数的增大,透水沥青混凝土的冲击抗压强度呈现出先升高后降低的变化规律,掺杂聚酯纤维的质量分数为0.40%时,冲击抗压强度达到最大。冲击抗压强度约为静态抗压强度的8~13倍。     

混凝土高温动态劈拉行为细观数值分析

为研究高温作用下混凝土的动态劈裂拉伸破坏行为，考虑了力学性能的高温退化与应变率增强效应的联合作用，结合混凝土材料内部非均质性，建立了细观尺度数值分析模型与方法。将该数值方法分为两个步骤:首先对混凝土进行热传导行为模拟，进而将输出结果作为初始条件对混凝土动态劈裂拉伸行为进行细观模拟。在模拟结果与已有试验现象良好吻合的基础上，分析了高温下混凝土动态劈裂拉伸行为及其细观破坏机制，对比了不同应变率及加热温度下混凝土的劈裂拉伸应力-应变关系，揭示了混凝土应变率效应与温度退化效应的相互影响规律。研究结果表明:(1) 高温作用后，试件损伤区域较常温下更集中；(2) 名义应变率较大时，破坏过程急促，常温下骨料发生破坏，而经历高温后骨料基本没有破坏；(3) 由于混凝土试件细观结构的非均质性，其内部应力呈枣核状不连续分布；(4) 相比于应变率效应，混凝土劈裂拉伸强度受温度退化作用的影响更显著。     

定围压比作用下混凝土轴向受压性能试验研究

通过对混凝土施加围压,使单轴受压混凝土的裂缝发展受到限制,从而研究混凝土在接近无裂纹发展状态(无损伤产生的理想状态)下的受压性能。本文在MTS815.02岩石电液伺服系统上完成了三轴应力比σ1∶σ2∶σ3=(-α)∶(-α)∶(-1)(α=0.15,0.18,0.19,0.20,0.22)作用下的混凝土单调、循环加卸载受压的常规三轴试验。研究了不同围压比对混凝土受压应力-应变关系的影响规律,以及围压对混凝土裂缝发展的限制作用,得出了一些与同类试验不同的结果,混凝土理想无损伤发展状态的受压应力-应变关系曲线被提出,并通过试验首次研究了理想无损伤发展状态下的混凝土循环加卸载的应力-应变关系,系统地分析了围压对混凝土受压性能的影响规律。     

A new distortion energy-based equivalent stress for multiaxial fatigue life prediction

A new equivalent stress amplitude expression has been developed for the assessment of fatigue life in components under multiaxial loading. The expression was generated by incorporating non-linear/plastic stress–strain relation into a mechanical energy calculation, and then applying the calculation to the distortion energy theory for a cyclic loading case. Therefore, the new uniaxial equivalent stress expression determines an appropriate stress amplitude value for multiaxial cyclic loading. The purpose of the equivalent stress value is to determine multiaxial fatigue failure using an energy-based fatigue life prediction criterion. The governing understanding behind the criterion states that the physical damage quantity for failure is equal to the accumulated strain energy in a monotonic fracture, which is also equal to the accumulated strain energy during fatigue failure. Using the new equivalent stress amplitude expression and the energy-based life prediction method, a comparison is made between prediction results and multiaxial empirical data. The multiaxial data was acquired by a vibration-based biaxial bending fatigue test and a torsion fatigue test with an assumed axial misalignment. The results of the comparison provide encouragement regarding the capability of the newly developed equivalent stress amplitude expression for fatigue life prediction.     

短碳纤维局部增强混凝土疲劳性能实验研究

对局部增强短碳纤维混凝土进行三点弯曲疲劳试验,发现相同试件在不同应力水平下的疲劳寿命符合两参数威布尔分布,并由此建立考虑失效概率和高低应力比的局部增强短碳纤维混凝土双对数疲劳方程.在工程应用中可以根据实际情况确定失效概率,运用线性插值得到相应回归系数,求得双对数疲劳方程.通过比较相同应力水平下短碳纤维局部增强试件和素混凝土试件的试验结果,发现仅对混凝土进行低掺量的局部增强就可以成倍地提高混凝土的疲劳寿命.上述结果对混凝土路面工程或一些有特殊要求工程的设计有参考意义.     

沥青混合料的低频疲劳效应研究

已有文献表明加载频率对于疲劳寿命的影响较大，对于沥青砼而言，其影响可能更显著，因为在低频条件下，其流变性能表现得更充分．笔者根据沥青混合料的室内低频疲劳试验，运用耗散能理论，得到了沥青混合料的低频疲劳规律．     

Very high cycle fatigue for GCr15 steel with smooth and hole-defect specimens

Very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) properties of a low temperature tempering bearing steel GCr15 with smooth and hole-defect specimens are studied by employing a rotary bending test machine with frequency of 52.5 Hz. Both smooth and hole-defect specimens break in VHCF regime with some difference in fatigue crack initiation. For smooth specimens, a fine granular area (FGA) is observed near the grain boundary in the fracture surface of the specimens broken after 10⁷ cycles. But no FGA is observed in the hole-defect specimens broken in VHCF regime, and the VHCF crack does not initiate from the small hole at the surface as it does at low or high cycle fatigue regime. Internal stress is employed to explain the VHCF behavior of these two types of specimens. At last, an advanced dislocation model based on Tanaka and Mura model is proposed to illustrate the internal stress process and to predict fatigue crack initiation life with FGA observed in the fracture region.     

Cyclic plastic deformation and cyclic hardening/softening behavior in 304LN stainless steel

Low cycle fatigue experiments have been conducted on 304LN stainless steel in ambient air at room temperature. Uniaxial ratcheting behavior has also been studied on this material and in both engineering and true stress controlling modes. It is shown that material’s cyclic hardening/softening behavior in low cycle fatigue and in ratcheting is dependent not only on material but also on the loading condition. Improvement of ratcheting life and mean stress dependent hardening are observed in the presence of mean stress. A method based on the strain energy density (SED) is used to represent cyclic hardening/softening behavior of the material in this work. The decrease of SED with cycles is an indication that the life in low cycle fatigue and in ratcheting is improved. The SED represents the area of the hysteresis loops.     

基于应变能的复杂应力场低周疲劳分析

塑性应变能使材料微观组织结构发生不可逆变化,从而引起等效宏观应力,该应力随循环加载而增大．假定材料疲劳源处破坏是由最大拉应力引起的,最大等效宏观应力与外加应力叠加达到材料本征断裂应力时形成微裂纹．微裂纹引起上述两部分应力变化,继续加载直至宏观裂纹出现,从而得到材料的疲劳寿命．本文所建立的多轴疲劳寿命公式包含材料参数、拉应力以及塑性应变能等,以上数据可通过单轴疲劳数据和有限元方法获得．通过对SM45C材料的计算验证,表明该模型对多轴随机应变加载低周疲劳寿命,具有良好的预测结果．     

Disk-shaped compact tension test for asphalt concrete fracture

A disk-shaped compact tension (DC(T)) test has been developed as a practical method for obtaining the fracture energy of asphalt concrete. The main purpose of the development of this specimen geometry is the ability to test cylindrical cores obtained from in-place asphalt concrete pavements or gyratory-compacted specimens fabricated during the mixture design process. A suitable specimen geometry was developed using the ASTM E399 standard for compact tension testing of metals as a starting point. After finalizing the specimen geometry, a typical asphalt concrete surface mixture was tested at various temperatures and loading rates to evaluate the proposed DC(T) configuration. The variability of the fracture energy obtained from the DC(T) geometry was found to be comparable with the variability associated with other fracture tests for asphalt concrete. The ability of the test to detect changes in the fracture energy with the various testing conditions (temperature and loading rate) was the benchmark for determining the potential of using the DC(T) geometry. The test has the capability to capture the transition of asphalt concrete from a brittle material at low temperatures to a more ductile material at higher temperatures. Because testing was conducted on ungrooved specimens, special care was taken to quantify deviations of the crack path from the pure mode I crack path. An analysis of variance of test data revealed that the prototype DC(T) can detect statistical differences in fracture energy resulting for tests conducted across a useful range of test temperatures and loading rates. This specific analysis also indicated that fracture energy is not correlated to crack deviation angle. This paper also provides an overview of ongoing work integrating experimental results and observations with numerical analysis by means of a cohesive zone model tailored for asphalt concrete fracture behavior.     

高强度钢的超高周疲劳裂纹扩展模型研究

当疲劳寿命在106或107周时,Wöhler S-N 曲线被看作渐近于水平轴,107的疲劳强度被看成是疲劳极限。现代应用要求延长零件的工作寿命,实际齿轮部件应用超过107循环的疲劳失效。本文应用压电超声疲劳试验机对经过热处理和渗碳处理后的低铬合金钢材料进行研究,采用红外摄像仪观测试件表面的温度场随疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展的过程。试验条件是室温,应力比为0.1（R=0.1）,频率为20KHz。通过对表面渗碳处理后试件的断口分析,探讨表面渗碳处理、微观结构和与杂质有关的断裂机理,根据Paris公式建立超高周疲劳裂纹扩展模型。对裂纹扩展过程中裂纹尖端的塑性区的分析结果,结合传热学原理,建立热耗散模型,有限元方法的数值解结果较好地符合红外摄像仪的观测的试验结果。