Large Optical Nonlinearity Induced by Singlet Fission in Pentacene Films

By creating two triplet excitons from one photo‐excited singlet exciton, singlet fission in organic semiconductors has drawn tremendous attention for its potential applications in boosting the efficiency of solar conversion. Here, we show that this carrier‐multiplication effect can also be used to dramatically improve the nonlinear optical response in organic materials. We have observed large optical nonlinearity with a magnitude of χ⁽³⁾ up to 10^?9 esu in pentacene films, which is further shown to be a result of singlet fission by monitoring the temporal dynamics. The potential application of such efficient nonlinear optical response has been demonstrated with a singlet‐fission‐induced polarization rotation.     

Prediction of the cross-sections of isotopes produced in deuteron-induced spallation of long-lived fission products

The spallation cross-section data for the long-lived fission products(LLFPs) are scarce but required for the design of accelerator driven systems. In this paper, the isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics model and the statistical code GEMINI are applied to simulate deuteron-induced spallation in the energy region of GeV/nucleon. By comparing the calculations with the experimental data, the applicability of the model is verified. The model is then applied to simulate the spallation of 90 Sr, 93 Zr, 107 Pd, and 137 Cs induced by deuterons at 200, 500 and 1000 MeV/nucleon. The cross-sections of isotopes, the cross-sections of long-lived nuclei, and the reaction energy are presented.Using the above observables, the feasibility of LLFP transmutation by spallation is discussed.     

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Es wird über eine spezifische Abtrennung des Urans aus Mischungen radioaktiver Spaltprodukte mittels Dünnschichtchromatographie berichtet. Die bei kurz bestrahlten Uranproben am Uranfleck gefundene Radioaktivität kann auf Grund γ-spektrometrischer Messungen dem ²³⁹Np zugeordnet werden.     

Multi-modal calculations of prompt fission neutrons from 238U（n,f） at low induced energy

Properties of prompt fission neutrons from ²³⁸U(n, f) are calculated for incident neutron energies below 6 MeV using the multi-modal model, including the prompt fission neutron spectrum, the average prompt fission neutron multiplicity, and the prompt fission neutron multiplicity as a function of the fission fragment mass υ(A) (usually named “sawtooth” data) The three most dominant fission modes are taken into account. The model parameters are determined on the basis of experimental fission fragment data. The predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental data.     

利用252 Cf快裂变室测量BC501A液闪探测器的相对探测效率和响应函数

本文利用²⁵²Cf快裂变室和多参数数据采集系统,逐事例的同时记录了自发裂变中子和瞬发伽马的飞行时间(TOF),脉冲形状甄别(PSD)和反冲能量(RE,裂变中子是通过测量反冲质子;瞬发伽马是通过测量康普顿反冲电子)三维信息.详细介绍了通过离线数据分析完全扣除三维信息中的伽马事例贡献,以获得Φ50.8 mm×50.8 mm的BC501A液闪探测器的相对探测效率和响应函数的方法.在不通过探测器响应函数进行数据转换的条件下,利用中子的能量直接确定了中子的有效测量阈值.得到的中子 关键词： 252Cf快裂变室')" href="#">²⁵²Cf快裂变室 BC501A液闪探测器 相对探测效率 响应函数     

钚气溶胶环境中惰性气体氪迁移过程研究

放射性气体的安全性问题是涉及反应堆运行中必需研究的重要问题.因此在钚气溶胶环境中,对钚材料裂变产生的放射性气体裂变产物,需要研究其在钚气溶胶环境中的迁移过程.对放射性惰性气体Kr87,Kr88的实验测量数据进行了具体分析.依据它们具有钚材料直接裂变和作为固体裂变产物子体两种来源这一物理特性,在不同的制样时间对Kr87/Kr88比值变化规律进行分析.确立了这两种来源的在钚气溶胶环境中的物理图像和迁移过程的物理模型,并与实验数据进行比较以验证模型的正确性. 关键词： 钚气溶胶 气体裂变产物 放射性Kr87/Kr88 迁移过程     

Cascade-exciton model analysis of level density parameter dependence in proton induced fission cross sections of some sub-actinide nuclei

Fission cross sections strongly depend on the ratio of the level density parameter in fission to neutron emission, a_f/a_n. In this work, a cascade-exciton model implemented in the code CEM95 has been used to observe this effect for proton induced fission cross sections of tungsten, lead and bismuth. The method was employed using different level density parameter ratios for each fission cross section calculation. The calculated fission cross sections are compared with the available experimental data in the literature. It has been observed that a change of the ratio of the level density parameter, a_f/a_n, is necessary with the incident energy of the proton, to best estimate the fission cross sections in CEM95.     

CDK5-dependent inhibitory phosphorylation of Drp1 during neuronal maturation

Mitochondrial functions are essential for the survival and function of neurons. Recently, it has been demonstrated that mitochondrial functions are highly associated with mitochondrial morphology, which is dynamically changed by the balance between fusion and fission. Mitochondrial morphology is primarily controlled by the activation of dynamin-related proteins including dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), which promotes mitochondrial fission. Drp1 activity is regulated by several post-translational modifications, thereby modifying mitochondrial morphology. Here, we found that phosphorylation of Drp1 at serine 616 (S616) is mediated by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in post-mitotic rat neurons. Perturbation of CDK5 activity modified the level of Drp1^S616 phosphorylation and mitochondrial morphology in neurons. In addition, phosphorylated Drp1^S616 preferentially localized as a cytosolic monomer compared with total Drp1. Furthermore, roscovitine, a chemical inhibitor of CDKs, increased oligomerization and mitochondrial translocation of Drp1, suggesting that CDK5-dependent phosphorylation of Drp1 serves to reduce Drp1''s fission-promoting activity. Taken together, we propose that CDK5 has a significant role in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology via inhibitory phosphorylation of Drp1^S616 in post-mitotic neurons.     

Use of phosphate glass detectors for study of curium-242 cluster radioactivity

The effect α particle fluences (3 × 10³−2 × 10¹⁵ cm ⁻²) on properties of the two types of phosphate glass detectors with different compositions was studied. It was shown that the registration properties of glass detectors depended on the α particle fluence, spatial distribution of the α particle paths, and glass type. The critical α particle fluences, above which the detector properties changed, were determined.     

Fission fragment mass yields of Th to Rf even-even nuclei

Fission properties of the actinide nuclei are deduced from theoretical analysis. We investigate potential energy surfaces and fission barriers and predict the fission fragment mass yields of actinide isotopes. The results are compared with experimental data where available. The calculations were performed in the macroscopic-microscopic approximation with the Lublin-Strasbourg Drop (LSD) for the macroscopic part, and the microscopic energy corrections were evaluated in the Yukawa-folded potential. The Fourier nuclear shape parametrization is used to describe the nuclear shape, including the non-axial degree of freedom. The fission fragment mass yields of the nuclei considered are evaluated within a 3D collective model using the Born-Oppenheimer approximation.