Spectrophotometric Studies of Entrapped Thymol Phtalein pH Indicator into Sol‐Gel Matrix

This research involves the behavior of thymol phtalein pH indicator entrapped into the sol‐gel derived inorganic matrix. The method is based on the physical entrapment of the reagent molecules in the sol‐gel matrix. The immobilized thymol phthalein pH indicator shows behavior similar to its solution counterpart. The UV/vis spectra indicate that the thymol phthalein retains its structure during the sol‐gel reactions in terms of response to pH. Thymol phthalein can be regarded as uniformly distributed in the sol‐gel matrix. This observation has been confirmed using polarized microscopy. This research shows that thymol phtalein can be immobilized in sol‐gel glasses and used as a solid pH sensor.     

Quantitative determination of phenol derivatives fromOleum thymi

Summary The thymol and carvacrol content inOleum Thymi was determined by densitometry. Phenols were separated on a thin—layer of silica gel using two-step gradient elution. The dependence of measurement time on the amount of phenols was investigated. For comparison, the total phenolic content of the essential oil was also determined by colorimetry, the results indicating that the optimal measurment time at which the following measurements should be performed, is 5 min after the end of heating.     

Antimicrobial activity of collagen material with thymol addition for potential application as wound dressing

Recently, special attention has been paid to the development of active wound dressing materials based on biopolymers. Collagen is a natural polymer, which meets the requirements of modern materials for medical applications. However, despite its unique properties, collagen has no antimicrobial activity. In this work thymol was incorporated into collagen films to meet antimicrobial properties of the material. Thymol is a naturally occurring phenolic compound recognized as an antimicrobial agent. Collagen/thymol thin films were obtained through solvent evaporation using collagen solutions containing different amounts of thymol. The structure of the obtained materials was studied using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. The inhibition ability on the growth of several strains of microorganisms was tested. The standard ISO 22196:2007 was used to define the bactericidal properties of the material. The growth of the following bacteria on the collagen/thymol films was studied: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Candida albicans. The results showed that the growth of Staphylococcus aureus was the most inhibited compared to the other tested strains. Collagen/thymol material is more efficient against pathogens through direct contact compared to the diffusion of thymol from the material. In general, the thymol addition inhibits biofilm formation on the collagen surface.     

三维荧光结合三阶校正算法快速检测水中酚类化合物

苯酚和麝香草酚等酚类化合物对人体和动植物有着严重危害,且这些酚类化合物往往同时存在于水体。由于苯酚和麝香草酚的激发和发射光谱重叠严重,常规荧光方法不能实现直接快速测定。基于三维荧光光谱结合四维平行因子（4-PARAFAC）算法,对存在未知干扰物的湖水中苯酚和麝香草酚进行定性和定量分析。利用三维平行因子和四维平行因子算法分解光谱数据,探索三阶校正算法的“三阶优势”。通过引入温度维来构建四维数据阵,将不同温度下扫描得到的激发发射矩阵沿样本维叠加得到四维数据阵,结合基于四维平行因子的三阶校正算法对目标分析物进行定性定量分析。为避免溶剂散射和仪器的影响,需要对扫描得到的激发发射矩阵信号进行预处理。通过空白扣除法和Delaunay三角内插值法去除激发发射矩阵中散射信号,再进一步进行激发发射校正,得到真实光谱。然后分别使用基于平行因子的二阶校正算法和基于四维平行因子的三阶校正算法对光谱数据进行分析,对比两种算法的分析结果。结果表明,四维数据阵并不是三维激发发射矩阵简单的叠加,得到的四维数据可能含有丰富的高维信息,有助于改善对分析物的测量结果。四维平行因子算法解析得到的湖水中苯酚和麝香草酚的平均回收率分别为97.7%±9.2%和96.5%±8.8%,预测均方根误差为0.047和0.057 μg·mL-1,预测相对误差低于10%,分析结果优于三维平行因子（平均回收率分别为105.7%±15.3%和111.0%±3.6%,预测均方根误差为0.090和0.056 μg·mL-1,预测相对误差高于10%）。实验表明,样本中存在复杂干扰背景和数据共线性严重时,三阶校正算法能够得到比二阶校正算法更满意的结果,为复杂体系中苯酚和麝香草酚的检测提供了可靠方法。     

Multivariate optimization of hydrodistillation-headspace solvent microextraction of thymol and carvacrol from Thymus transcaspicus

In this paper multivariate response surface methodology (RSM) has been used for the optimization of hydrodistillation-headspace solvent microextraction (HD-HSME) of thymol and carvacrol in Thymus transcaspicus. Quantitative determination of compounds of interest was performed simultaneously using gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were assessed and the optimized values were 5 min, 2 μL and 3 min for the extraction time, micro-drop volume and cooling time after extraction, respectively. The amounts of analyte extracted increased with plant weight. The calibration curves were linear in the ranges of 6.25-81.25 and 1.25-87.50 mg L⁻¹ for thymol and carvacrol, respectively. Limit of detection (LOD) for thymol and carvacrol was 1.87 and 0.23 mg L⁻¹, respectively. Within-day and between-day precisions for both analytes were calculated in three different concentrations and recoveries obtained were in the range of 89-101% and 95-116% for thymol and carvacrol, respectively.     

催化动力学光度法测定新鲜果蔬中痕量亚硝酸根

基于在稀磷酸介质中亚硝酸根对溴酸钾氧化百里酚蓝褪色反应的催化效应 ,建立了一种测定痕量亚硝酸根的催化光度法。该方法测定亚硝酸根的线性范围为 0～ 6 .5 μg/ 2 5ml,灵敏度为 0 .6 7ng·ml- 1。用于新鲜果蔬样品中痕量亚硝酸根的测定 ,结果满意     

百里酚蓝分光光度法测定阿昔洛韦及其反应机理

在pH 7.84的NaH2PO4-Na2HPO4缓冲介质中,百里酚蓝与阿昔洛韦反应形成离子缔合物,最大吸收波长为596 nm,并在436 nm波长处产生负吸收。阿昔洛韦的浓度在2.05×10-6~2.38×10-5mol.L-1内遵守比耳定律,ε=3.19×104L.mol-1.cm-1,检出限为6.21×10-7mol.L-1。若用双波长叠加,ε=4.46×104L.mol-1.cm-1,检出限为5.13×10-7mol.L-1。用于药品、血浆及尿液中阿昔洛韦的测定,RSD为0.68%~2.76%,回收率为99.1%~103.3%。对反应机理进行探讨,表明离子缔合物的形成不仅由静电引力引起,且与荷移作用和范德华力有关。     

示波中和滴定指示剂的研究（Ⅲ）

本文介绍了对酸性示波中和指示剂刚果红、百里酚兰和对、间、邻－硝基酚等指示滴定终点时切口随变化的原理的探讨。     

Liquid chromatographic determination of phenol, thymol and carvacrol in honey using fluorimetric detection

A comparison is made between the use of a silica-based monolithic column and a RP-AmideC₁₆ column for the separation of phenol, thymol and carvacrol using reversed-phase liquid chromatography. The best results concerning total analysis time and sensitivity were obtained using the monolithic column. Detection was optimized using a fluorimetric detector which allowed better detection limits that those obtained with a photo-diode array spectrophotometer. Gradient elution with acetonitrile–water mixtures as mobile phases permitted good separation of the phenols. Identification of the peaks was based on their retention characteristics, varying the flow-rate, nature and composition of the mobile phase as well as the nature of the stationary phase, and using the fluorimetric detector to continuously measure the spectrum when the solute passed through the flow cell. Linearity, precision, recovery and sensitivity were satisfactory. The procedure was applied to the analysis of phenol, thymol and carvacrol in honey of different types. The extraction process was very simple, only involving dissolution of honey with water. Detection limits in the honey samples using the proposed procedure were between 1 and 4 ng g⁻¹.     

Solubility of high-value compounds in environmentally friendly solvents–liquid poly(ethylene glycol) and ionic liquids: Experimental study and thermodynamic analysis

In this work the (solid + liquid) equilibria (SLE) of the solution of sustainable solvents with five high-value compounds, thymol, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid and caffeine, was investigated. The sustainable solvents studied were liquid poly(ethylene glycol) of average molecular mass 200 and 400 – (PEG200 and PEG400), respectively as well as imidazolium ionic liquids with bistriflamide and triflate anions ([C₄mim][NTf₂] and [C₄mim][OTf]). The obtained SLE data were correlated using the semi-empirical equation proposed by Grant. The activity coefficients of the studied solutes were calculated. Based on these correlations and calculations as well as on the thermo-physical properties of the pure constituents, the SLE behavior of the studied solutions was analyzed and discussed.