Beam-based calibrations of the BPM offset at C-ADS Injector Ⅱ

Beam-based BPM offset calibration was carried out for Injector II at the C-ADS demonstration facility at the Institute of Modern Physics(IMP), Chinese Academy of Science(CAS). By using the steering coils integrated in the quadrupoles, the beam orbit can be effectively adjusted and BPM positions recorded at the Medium Energy Beam Transport of the Injector II Linac. The studies were done with a 2 m A, 2.1 Me V proton beam in pulsed mode.During the studies, the "null comparison method" was applied for the calibration. This method is less sensitive to errors compared with the traditional transmission matrix method. In addition, the quadrupole magnet's center can also be calibrated with this method.     

北京大学DC-SC光阴极注入器的升级设计

 基于直流电子枪-超导加速腔（DC-SC）光阴极注入器样机的初步实验结果，北京大学提出了新的注入器的改进设计。新注入器核心结构包括皮尔斯枪和3+1/2超导腔。文章给出了它们的详细结构参数，然后采用程序，对注入器的束流动力学进行了模拟。结果发现：新注入器可以提供具有高束流品质、高平均流强的电子束，束团的电荷量100 pC，横向发射度低于2 mm·mrad,脉宽5 ps,rms束斑可达0.5 mm，重复频率81.25 MHz；也可以提供电荷量为300 pC低重复频率的高峰值流强的电子束，其横向发射度小于3 mm·mrad,脉宽约为9 ps，以满足北京大学自由电子激光（PKU-FEL）实验平台的要求。     

Splitless injection of up to hundreds of microliters of liquid samples in capillary GC: Part II,experimental results

Sample evaporation in splitless injection of large volumes is rapid: depending on the experiment, results indicate that 200 μl of hexane, for instance, evaporates in 2–10 s, producing vapor at a rate of many hundreds of milliliters per minute. A 60 × 4 mm packed bed of 20–35 mesh Tenax TA enabled injection of 200 μl volumes of all solvents tested, and even 1 ml injections were possible provided they were performed over a period of 30 s. Retention of volatile sample components depends on the sample solvent, the injection volume, and the injection speed, but only little on the injector temperature. Losses of n-tridecane varied from hardly 15 % (when dissolved in pentane) to ca 60 % (ethyl acetate); losses of n-heptadecane were usually below 20 %. The column temperature during injection should be at least ca 20–30°C above the standard solvent boiling point.     

HIRFL注入器高频腔体与高频机的匹配

 叙述了兰州重离子加速器注入器(SFC)高频系统的200 kW高频机与高频腔体的功率匹配，匹配测量系统的工作原理，以及对匹配系统的改进和完善，并对高频腔体的输入阻抗和耦合电容进行了计算。为提高高频系统的稳定性和可靠性，对影响高频功率传输和D电压提高的问题进行了深入的研究和改进。采用矢量阻抗仪冷态测量腔体匹配阻抗的方法和一些相应的技术和措施，用矢量电压表动态测量功率输出级的相位差，判断D电路是否工作在匹配状态，从而使SFC的D电压由原来的50~65 kV（不稳定）提高到稳定工作的105 kV，改善了SFC的工作状态和保证了SFC的高效运行。     

3.5 MeV注入器脉冲功率系统

用于直线感应加速器的3.5 MeV注入器脉冲功率系统采用了感应叠加原理。整个系统包含了脉冲形成系统、触发系统以及感应腔负载。脉冲形成系统主要由Marx发生器和Blumlein脉冲形成线组成，产生12个脉宽约90 ns，幅度约200 kV的高压脉冲，通过12个感应腔和变阻抗阴阳极杆，在阴阳极间隙处产生3.5 MV的二极管电压，由天鹅绒阴极发射强流电子束。触发系统主要由两级触发开关构成，严格控制12个高压脉冲的输出时间，时间分散性统计值小于1 ns(动作时间抖动)。采用该脉冲功率系统注入器能产生能量约3.5 MeV，电流2～3 kA的强流电子束。     

3.5 MeV无箔注入器束流调试

 3.5 MeV 注入器是“神龙一号”直线感应加速器的束源，在注入器束流调试中，首先通过数值模拟方法，初步确定束流过聚焦和聚焦不足两种极端情况下引出线圈输运磁场峰值的变化范围；然后以注入器出口束流波形为参考，通过实验调试找到了这两种情况下引出线圈输运磁场峰值的实际配置；再通过测量束流的剖面或发射度，在这两种配置中选定一个折中的引出线圈磁场配置，并最终确定了注入器输运磁场的总体配置。经过调试完成后的注入器束流为3.6 MeV，流强为2.8 kA，归一化边发射度为1 040 mm·mrad，达到了预期的指标。     

Influence of injector bypass on lifetime of small-particle liquid chromatographic columns

Summary In the case of liquid chromatography columns packed with small (3–5 m) particles and utilized at relatively high flow rates, pressure pulses associated with the sample injection process (caused by a short-duration interruption in mobile phase flow to the column during injection) may result in a reduction of column lifetime. This detrimental effect can be eliminated by the utilization of specially constructed sample injection valves incorporating properly desinged bypass loops. The paper investigates in detail the effect of pressure pulses, describes the criteria and performance of the bypass systems, and documents column life time and performance.Dedicated to Dr. L. S. Ettre on the occasion of his sixtieth birghday.