Phase split of liquid–liquid two-phase flow at a horizontal T-junction

This paper provides data on the split of liquid/liquid two-phase flow at a horizontal T-junction. Phase maldistribution was measured for kerosene–water flow at the T-junction with equal pipe diameters of 67.4 mm. Data were taken with both stratified flow with a mixture at interface and dispersed flows approaching the junction. The degree of phase maldistribution was not very great but preferential emergence of either phase from the side-arm was observed depending on the flow rates of the two-phases. There are similarities with the limited split data from liquid/solid flows and the degree of separation is seen to depend on the dispersed/continuous phase density ratio. The data were compared to predictions from the correlation by Seeger et al. The Seeger equation gives but reasonable agreement.     

Two-to-one resonant multi-modal dynamics of horizontal/inclined cables. Part II: Internal resonance activation,reduced-order models and nonlinear normal modes

Resonant multi-modal dynamics due to planar 2:1 internal resonances in the non-linear, finite-amplitude, free vibrations of horizontal/inclined cables are parametrically investigated based on the second-order multiple scales solution in Part I [1] (in press). The already validated kinematically non-condensed cable model accounts for the effects of both non-linear dynamic extensibility and system asymmetry due to inclined sagged configurations. Actual activation of 2:1 resonances is discussed, enlightening on a remarkable qualitative difference of horizontal/inclined cables as regards non-linear orthogonality properties of normal modes. Based on the analysis of modal contribution and solution convergence of various resonant cables, hints are obtained on proper reduced-order model selections from the asymptotic solution accounting for higher-order effects of quadratic nonlinearities. The dependence of resonant dynamics on coupled vibration amplitudes, and the significant effects of cable sag, inclination and extensibility on system non-linear behavior are highlighted, along with meaningful contributions of longitudinal dynamics. The spatio-temporal variation of non-linear dynamic configurations and dynamic tensions associated with 2:1 resonant non-linear normal modes is illustrated. Overall, the analytical predictions are validated by finite difference-based numerical investigations of the original partial-differential equations of motion.     

On the feedback solutions of differential oligopoly games with hyperbolic demand curve and capacity accumulation

To safeguard analytical tractability and the concavity of objective functions, the vast majority of models belonging to oligopoly theory relies on the restrictive assumption of linear demand functions. Here we lay out the analytical solution of a differential Cournot game with hyperbolic inverse demand, where firms accumulate capacity over time à la Ramsey. The subgame perfect equilibrium is characterized via the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equations solved in closed form both on infinite and on finite horizon setups. To illustrate the applicability of our model and its implications, we analyze the feasibility of horizontal mergers in both static and dynamic settings, and find appropriate conditions for their profitability under both circumstances. Static profitability of a merger implies dynamic profitability of the same merger. It appears that such a demand structure makes mergers more likely to occur than they would on the basis of the standard linear inverse demand.     

Bochner-Kodaira Techniques on K¨ahler Finsler Manifolds

A horizontal Hodge Laplacian operator $\square_{\mathcal {H}}$ is defined for Hermitian holomorphic vector bundles over PTM on K¨ahler Finsler manifold, and the expression of $\square_{\mathcal {H}}$ is obtained explicitly in terms of horizontal covariant derivatives of the Chern-Finsler connection. The vanishing theorem is obtained by using the $\partial_{\mathcal {H}}\ov{\partial}_{\mathcal {H}}$-method on K¨ahler Finsler manifolds.     

GPS技术在金川露天矿边坡变形监测中的应用

本文结合金川露天矿边坡变形GPS监测研究，主要论述监测基点的选择，基点WGS-84坐标的确定，变形监测网的布设，GPS数据采集、处理和质量，坐标转换的实施等，给出反演推出的若干四等三角点及其它控制点的变形数据，这些数据和造成变形的物理成因符合得很好，最后概括出GPS技术应用于变形观测的若干优点。     

Experimental study and modeling of particle drying in a continuously-operated horizontal fluidized bed

Multistage fluidized beds are frequently used for product drying in industry. One advantage of these fluidized beds is that they can achieve a high throughput, when operated continuously. In this study, γ-Al₂O₃ particles were dried in a pilot-scale horizontal fluidized bed, without considering any comminution effects. For each experiment, the particle moisture content distribution and residence time distribution were determined. To take into account particle back mixing in our experiments, a one-dimensional population balance model that considers particle residence time was introduced into a fluidized bed-drying model. Experimental particle residence time distributions were reproduced using a tank-in-series model. Subsequently, the moisture content distribution was implemented, as a second dimension to the population balance in this model. These two-dimensional simulations were able to describe the experimental data, especially the spread in the residual particle moisture distribution, much more accurately than one-dimensional simulations. Using this novel two-dimensional model, the effects of different operating parameters (process gas temperature, solid feed rate, superficial air velocity) on the particle moisture content distribution were systematically studied.     

双扫描激光雷达精细探测低层大气气溶胶方法

为实现水平非均匀分布的低层大气气溶胶光学特性的遥感探测,提出一种基于双扫描激光雷达的气溶胶精细探测方法.该方法以扫描激光雷达为遥感探测工具,通过双激光雷达相向交叉扫描工作模式,实现对同一空域近地表气溶胶全视野剖面的交叉探测,从而提供双激光雷达方程组以精确求解气溶胶消光和后向散射系数.在数据反演过程中,通过对交叉扫描区域进行坐标化和网格化处理、网格像素单元的初值预设,以及双扫描激光雷达方程组的数值逼近反演得到气溶胶消光.利用长距离扫描激光雷达的数据对该方法进行验证,结果表明,该方法与多角度方法反演所得到的结果随高度变化的趋势具有高度的一致性;同时双扫描激光雷达可提供交叉扫描区域剖面的气溶胶浓度分布,相比于单条廓线具有较大的优势.     

Experimental flow pattern map,slippage and time–frequency representation of oil–water two-phase flow in horizontal small diameter pipes

We detect the flow structures of a horizontal oil–water two-phase flow in a 20 mm inner-diameter pipe using 8-channels radial mini-conductance probes. In particular, we present an experimental flow pattern map that includes 218 flow conditions and compare this map to the flow pattern transitional boundaries predicted by published models. In addition, using the Adaptive Optimal Kernel Time–Frequency Representation, we analyze the conductance fluctuating signals and characterize the flow pattern in terms of the total energy and dominant frequency. Based on the liquid holdup measurements using the quickly closing valve technology combined with three parallel-wire capacitance probes, we investigate the slip effect between the oil and water phases under various flow conditions. The results show that the flow structures greatly affect the slippage, and the slip ratio is sensitive to flow pattern variations.     

傅里叶自解卷积-红外光谱分析法应用于中药天麻的鉴别研究

采用水平衰减全反射-傅里叶变换红外光谱法(HATR-FTIR)对不同产地的野生及种植天麻与伪品芭蕉芋、芋及马铃薯进行了测定,并通过傅里叶自解卷积(FSD)进行了转换。在各种带宽因子及增强因子下对真伪品傅里叶自解卷积红外光谱的差异程度进行了分析研究,结果发现带宽因子在75.0～76.0,增强因子为3.2时,天麻与伪品的FSD-IR的差异程度最为明显。结果表明,尽管从FTIR中很难发现野生及种植天麻、无性繁殖及有性繁殖天麻之间的差异,但从FSD-IR中可以看出他们之间的差异。而天麻正品与伪品之间的FSD-IR差别也较大。因此该法可简便、快速、准确地识别不同的天麻及其伪品。     

Slip between the phases in two-phase water–oil flow in a horizontal pipe

This paper is devoted to slip phenomenon between the phases that occurs in unstable two-phase water–oil flow systems in a horizontal pipe. The emphasis is placed on the relation between the slip and the real (in situ) water fraction in a flowing mixture, as well as the substitute physical properties of the whole two-phase system. The experimental data collected throughout research served for the evaluation of the accuracy of the methods of real phase fraction in a water–oil flow system in horizontal pipes as they were referred to in the bibliography. Subsequently we have suggested the author indicate a method of determination of the fraction for two-phase liquid systems like O/W, W/O and W + O. In order to establish the specific equations, the drift-flux model has been used here.