多波段激光雷达颗粒物质量浓度探测方法

为了获得大气颗粒物的质量浓度廓线,提出一种基于多波段激光雷达回波信号的大气气溶胶消光系数与颗粒物质量消光效率相结合的新型算法。该方法利用覆盖紫外到近红外波段的激光雷达作为遥感探测工具,获取气溶胶的消光与后向散射系数,反演得到气溶胶粒子谱分布;同时,根据米散射理论算出气溶胶消光效率,结合粒子谱分布,提出颗粒物质量消光效率模型,从而建立基于消光系数与质量消光效率相结合的反演颗粒物质量浓度的新型数学模型与算法。采用该算法对两组不同天气条件多波段激光雷达实测数据进行反演,并与地表采用的颗粒物浓度对比,证明该方法的可行性,为实现颗粒物质量浓度空间分布的探测提供科学依据和方法论。     

一种无需定标的地基激光雷达气溶胶消光系数精确反演方法

如何对低云下雾霾的激光雷达探测数据进行准确定标,一直是米散射激光雷达数据反演中一个有待解决的问题.对于低云和雾霾同时出现的天气,激光很难穿透云层,不能利用大气清洁层对激光雷达信号定标.而对于探测高度小于6 km的便携式米散射激光雷达,由于探测高度较低,也很难利用大气清洁层对激光雷达数据进行定标.本文根据Fernald前向积分方程的特点,提出了一种气溶胶消光系数迭代算法.通过对反演过程进行特定设置,每经过一次迭代,利用气溶胶消光系数迭代算法得到的气溶胶消光系数反演值与其真实值之间的差值就会相应减小.经过几次迭代后,气溶胶消光系数反演值与真实值之间的差值就会小到可以忽略不计.初步反演结果表明:利用气溶胶消光系数迭代算法,无需对激光雷达探测数据定标就能精确反演出气溶胶消光系数廓线.     

振动拉曼散射信号反演激光雷达几何因子分析

利用研制的探测大气二氧化碳廓线的振动拉曼激光雷达系统采集的氮气分子振动拉曼散射信号,结合激光雷达探测时的大气消光数据,反演求出激光雷达的几何因子曲线。并对气溶胶波长指数变化对振动拉曼信号反演几何因子造成的影响进行分析与估算。气溶胶消光波长指数变化对振动拉曼散射信号反演几何因子会带来较大的误差影响。当气溶胶消光波长指数或其谱分布确定时,振动拉曼散射信号反演几何因子具有简便、可靠等优点,在振动拉曼激光雷达系统几何因子确定中可以充分应用此方法。     

Fernald前向积分用于机载激光雷达气溶胶后向散射系数反演的理论研究

初步反演结果表明,Fernald前向积分法(FFIM)能够用于机载大气探测激光雷达气溶胶后向散射系数的反演,但相应的理论解释没见国内外相关文献报道.根据合肥地基大气探测激光雷达2008年2月27日的探测数据模拟得到的机载激光雷达数据,对FFIE用于机载大气探测激光雷达气溶胶后向散射系数的反演结果进行了定量分析,分析表明:当反演标定点的高度选在10 km左右时,FFIM能够用于机载大气探测激光雷达气溶胶后向散射系数反演的主要原因有3个:1)Fernald前向积分方程(FFIE)分母中两项的差值一般远大于零, 关键词： 大气光学 Fernald前向积分法 机载大气探测激光雷达 气溶胶后向散射系数     

激光雷达遥感地表气溶胶消光吸湿因子及其对波长的依赖特性

介绍了一种在开放大气环境下、利用水平探测的双波长-偏振米氏散射激光雷达遥感地表气溶胶消光吸湿增长因子的新方法。在激光雷达垂直观测气溶胶吸湿性质相关研究报道的数据筛选方法的基础上,利用消光系数与实测相对湿度(RH)之间的强相关性,以及实测的粒子质量浓度和粒子退偏振比的变化规律作为判据,说明吸湿增长作用是引起地表气溶胶消光系数增大的主要原因。相比于激光雷达垂直方法观测气溶胶吸湿性质,该筛选过程更加严格地约束了激光雷达水平观测吸湿性质的筛选判据,且对气象条件的约束相对简单。利用筛选得到的有效数据,计算得到气溶胶消光吸湿增长因子,并分析其对波长的依赖特性。观测结果表明,在开放大气条件下,合肥地区粒子谱分布可能会出现单模态、双模态甚至多模态的复杂情况,导致Angstrom波长指数与相对湿度之间的变化规律表现为正相关、负相关和不相关3种结果;同样也导致短波的气溶胶消光吸湿增长因子弱于、等于或强于长波的气溶胶消光吸湿增长因子的多样性现象。     

基于Fernald-PSO法反演气溶胶激光雷达比及其 对斜程能见度的影响

为了提高斜程能见度的计算精度,提出了一种基于Fernald-PSO法求解气溶胶激光雷达比的方法.首先,以均匀层底部和顶部的大气消光系数相等为条件构建气溶胶激光雷达比和气溶胶消光系数边界值的方程.然后,再以激光雷达数据反演和AERONET网站观测的气溶胶光学厚度相等为条件构造另一参量方程.最后,采用Fernald-PSO法解方程组,用得到的参量反演气溶胶消光系数计算斜程能见度.采用激光雷达和AERONET数据对该方法进行验证,分析气溶胶激光雷达比对斜程能见度反演的影响.结果表明,同一信号气溶胶激光雷达比假设值与计算值相差越大,气溶胶消光系数和斜程能见度的相对误差绝对值也越大,最大误差分别为18.93%和19.90%.     

双视场米散射激光雷达探测对流层气溶胶

介绍了自行研制的用来探测对流层大气气溶胶消光特性的双视场米散射激光雷达.该激光雷达采用两个具有独立接收视场的探测通道分别接收高低层532 nm的大气回波信号,可以兼顾低层大视场角低探测盲区和高层小视场角高探测高度的要求.叙述了该雷达系统的总体结构和技术参量以及数据处理方法,给出了合肥地区(东经117.16°,北纬31.90°)大气气溶胶消光系数廓线和对流层光学厚度的探测结果.测量结果表明,该雷达具备昼夜连续观测对流层大气气溶胶的能力,可以很好地反映气溶胶粒子的时间和空间分布特征.     

基于激光雷达探测的气溶胶分类方法研究

提出了利用激光雷达区分不同类型气溶胶的新方法。建立了包含背景气溶胶和云两种不同类型气溶胶光学参数(后向散射系数、消光系数)的两个激光雷达方程,并推导计算其解的表达式。反演出两种不同类别气溶胶的光学参数,以此区分背景气溶胶和云。根据两种不同气溶胶的光学参数与两种不同消光后向散射比(Saer1,Saer2)模拟激光雷达回波信号,并用该新方法反演得到两不同类别气溶胶的光学参数。反演结果与不同类型气溶胶的模拟参数一致。用该方法区分激光雷达同时探测到的大气背景气溶胶和云。模拟和测量结果都证实了该方法对不同类型气溶胶进行分类的可行性。     

基于双视场激光雷达的气溶胶水平分布观测

在自主研制的便携式双视场米散射气溶胶激光雷达（DFOV激光雷达）基础上,探索双视场激光雷达信号拼接思路,利用“斜率-Fernald”方法反演了气溶胶水平消光系数,进而获取了DFOV激光雷达对气溶胶水平消光系数的扫描分布。首先,对雷达回波信号分段运用斜率法,求解最优的气溶胶消光系数、后向散射系数以及相对应的参考距离,然后将该参考点处的后向散射系数代入“Fernald方法”的前后向积分解中,进而得到整条廓线的消光系数。该方法有效避免了“斜率法”中大气均匀的前提假设和消光系数负值的问题,也有效避免了“Fernald方法”对参考点的限制和要求。在获取水平消光系数后,通过拟合近地面空气质量监测点位过顶时刻DFOV激光雷达测量的气溶胶消光系数与PM₁₀质量浓度ρ(PM₁₀)之间的关系,相关性达到0.91。将此定量关系传递至激光雷达扫描的消光系数结果中,可得到气溶胶质量浓度的水平分布,定量反演大气中颗粒物的分布,用于研究近地面大气污染成因、机理和污染来源分析,为DFOV激光雷达进一步应用于城市区域大气污染定量评价和区域空气质量三维模式同化分析研究提供定量的数据支撑。     

机载激光雷达探测京津冀地区气溶胶的空间分布

利用一台研制的机载双波长米氏散射激光雷达,对京津冀地区大气气溶胶的三维空间分布进行了探测。给出了其中一次较典型的观测实验,该架次航线与边界层内的气流方向垂直,有利于获取区域尺度上气溶胶分布的剖面信息。观测结果显示,京津冀腹地密集的污染排放源,结合气流对气溶胶的输送和扩散作用,导致观测期间该地区形成了大范围区域立体污染。通过分析典型污染源周边的气溶胶分布,研究了重污染源排放的气溶胶随气流扩散的过程。初步的飞行实验结果表明,该激光雷达性能稳定,可以为污染源的识别以及污染物传输路径的探测提供高空间分辨率的数据。     

Lidar calibration experiments

A series of atmospheric aerosol diffusion experiments combined with lidar detection was conducted to evaluate and calibrate an existing retrieval algorithm for aerosol backscatter lidar systems. The calibration experiments made use of two (almost) identical mini-lidar systems for aerosol cloud detection to test the reproducibility and uncertainty of lidars. Lidar data were obtained from both single-ended and double-ended lidar configurations. A backstop was introduced in one of the experiments and a new method was developed where information obtained from the backstop can be used in the inversion algorithm. Independent in-situ aerosol plume concentrations were obtained from a simultaneous tracer gas experiment with SF, and comparisons with the two lidars were made. The study shows that the reproducibility of the lidars is within 15%, including measurements from both sides of a plume. The correspondence with in-situ measurements is excellent. Finally, the new backstop method is able to reveal information which can close the lidar equation by obtaining the relation between backscatter and extinction in an aerosol cloud. Received: 21 December 1995 / Revised version: 25 July 1996     

Retrieving the aerosol lidar ratio profile by combining ground- and space-based elastic lidars

The aerosol lidar ratio is a key parameter for the retrieval of aerosol optical properties from elastic lidar, which changes largely for aerosols with different chemical and physical properties. We proposed a method for retrieving the aerosol lidar ratio profile by combining simultaneous ground- and space-based elastic lidars. The method was tested by a simulated case and a real case at 532 nm wavelength. The results demonstrated that our method is robust and can obtain accurate lidar ratio and extinction coefficient profiles. Our method can be useful for determining the local and global lidar ratio and validating space-based lidar datasets.     

车载测污激光雷达对大气边界层气溶胶的斜程探测

利用自行研制的车载测污激光雷达系统 (AML 1)对大气边界层气溶胶进行了斜程探测 ,并给出了与之相应的数据处理方法。将该雷达相近时间内斜程测量与垂直测量的数据进行对比 ,结果表明此斜程探测及数据处理方法是合理可行的。文中列举了某斜程方向 (2 0°天顶角 )气溶胶随时间的演化图 ,以及某垂直剖面内气溶胶消光系数二维扫描图 ,这些典型结果很直观的反映了气溶胶时、空分布情况 ,对实现连续、实时、大范围污染监测有重要意义。     

Identification of aerosol species using polarization lidar

This paper presents a new approach that has been developed to identify individual aerosol species using polarization lidar measurements. Individual aerosols can be identified based on their distinct ratios of extinction to backscatter, which are related to the depolarization ratio profile. Aerosol backscatter coefficients can be obtained from these ratios. Differential aerosol backscatter coefficients are proportional to the variation of the ratio of extinction to backscatter coefficient, and the coefficients increase, reach a peak value, and then decrease again, with increasing range.     

Measurements for profiles of aerosol extinction coefficient,backscatter coefficient,and lidar ratio over Wuhan in China with Raman/Mie lidar

<正>The profiles of aerosol extinction,backscatter coefficient,and lidar ratio in the lower troposphere over Wuhan are measured by a multi-channel Raman/Mie lidar.Using the lidar ratio retrieved by Raman scattering principle,the profiles of aerosol extinction and backscatter coefficients are also retrieved by Mie scattering signals,without a prior assumption about their relation in the traditional pure Mie signals data analyses.The observations by both Raman and Mie are in good agreement with each other.The high coherence shows that the system is reliable,and the Mie and Raman channels are in good adjustment and have the same field of view.     

Retrieving aerosol backscattering coefficient for short range lidar using parameter selection at reference point

<正>A new method is proposed based on the analysis of lidar equation which selects aerosol backscatter ratio at a reference point for short range lidar in data processing.Simulation computation and experimental comparison results show that this method is reasonable and feasible.The method is applied to short range lidars,such as atmospheric monitoring lidar-2(AML-2) and micro-pulse lidar(MPL).     

Two-wavelength lidar inversion algorithm for determination of aerosol extinction-to-backscatter ratio and its application to CALIPSO lidar measurements

A modified two-wavelength lidar inversion algorithm is proposed to aid in the retrieval of aerosol extinction-to-backscatter ratios (lidar ratio) as well as backscatter coefficients and extinction color ratios from simultaneous two-wavelength elastic backscatter lidar measurements. To demonstrate the feasibility of the algorithm, both the Raman method and the two-wavelength method have been applied to the ground-based measurements at 355 and 532 nm; moreover, it has been applied to the data acquired by the Cloud Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) lidar, and to the simultaneous ground-based lidar measurements carried out at Napoli (southern Italy, 40.838 °N, 14.183 °E, 118 m above sea level). Three cases of Saharan dust transport towards Europe have been considered. From the comparison, it can be found that the values of lidar ratio and backscatter coefficient retrieved by the modified two-wavelength algorithm are in good agreement with those obtained by the Raman method. Moreover the retrieved mean values of the lidar ratios and color ratios are in agreement with those reported by other authors.     

Mie散射激光雷达研究大气边界层特性

基于Mie散射大气激光雷达,应用Klett算法对回波信号进行了反演,得到大气消光系数和后向散射系数。然后,通过对大气后向散射系数曲线进行拟合得到大气边界层混合层高度以及卷夹层厚度等特征参数。对比雷达实测数据与探空气球所测数据,证明二者存在较好相关性。基于实测数据讨论了四川盆地大气边界层特性对气候的影响。