近两年国内气相色谱的进展

对近两年国内学者对气相色谱(GC)的研究和应用进行了综述.GC已经是一门十分成熟和广泛应用的分析技术,近两年国内学者的研究发展近似于国外的GC研究和发展,基础性GC研究不多,大多为GC在各个领域的应用研究.应用研究包括在食品、中药、水、气、石油、石化、工业品、农残和烟草分析中的应用.     

Acoustic resonance and atomization for gas-liquid systems in microreactors

It is shown that a liquid slug in gas–liquid segmented flow in microchannels can act as an acoustic resonator to disperse large amounts of small liquid droplets, commonly referred to as atomization, into the gas phase. We investigate the principles of acoustic resonance within a liquid slug through experimental analysis and numerical simulation. A mechanism of atomization in the confined channels and a hypothesis based on high-speed image analysis that links acoustic resonance within a liquid slug with the observed atomization is proposed. The observed phenomenon provides a novel source of confined micro sprays and could be an avenue, amongst others, to overcome mass transfer limitations for gas–liquid processes in flow.     

Chromatography of glycols. Regularities in the retention of C3−C6 branched glycols in gas-solid and gas-liquid chromatography

Summary Linear correlation between the major physico-chemical properties of glycols and their relative retention volumes measured by gas-solid (GSC) and gas-liquid (GLC) chromatography is shown. The coefficients of the linear regression equations describing the relationship between the relative retention volumes and the physico-chemical parameters (boiling point, density, etc.) are given. The values of the change in the free energy for the stationary phases studied are given as well as the increments of this change per −CH₂- and CH₃-group. The main factors determining the retention of branched glycols on Polysorb, Tween and poly(ethylene glycol) are shown to be the distance between the hydroxyl groups in their molecules, the presence of alkyl substituents and the type and the number of these substituents.     

Sound and weak shock wave propagation in gas-liquid foams

Propagation of sound and weak shock waves in gas-liquid foams is investigated theoretically and experimentally. An original physical model is developed to describe the evolution of small perturbations in a foam of polyhedral structure. The model developed takes into account both peculiarities of interface heat transfer in foam and liquid motion through the system of Plateau-Gibbs borders which results in the appearance of an additional hydrodynamic dissipative force. The Rayleigh equation analog, which takes into account the latter phenomenon, is obtained. Structure and dynamics of weak shock waves are investigated. A vertical shock tube was constructed and used to measure the parameters of weak shock wave propagation in gas-liquid foams of polyhedral structure. Spectral analysis of the data obtained shows that there are weak dispersion and strong dissipation of the initial signal. Comparison of the evolution of experimental and theoretical profiles permits to conclude that the suggested model allows to describe the peculiarities of acoustical perturbations in gas-liquid foam more precisely than it follows from the standard models. Received 15 September 1993 / Accepted 27 December 1993     

溶液盐效应的气液色谱研究

本文将气液色谱法用于测定环丁砜含盐溶液中以烃、芳烃、氯代烃、醇和酮为溶质的盐效应常数,结果表明,大多数溶质的盐效应关系可用Setschenow方程描述;负离子的性质对盐效应的影响比正离子更重要;负离子的电子向氯代烃中氯原子3d空轨道的迁移作用对其k_s的影响很大。     

空气在二甲基硅油和液压油中的溶解度

对于诸多工程运用场合, 获得空气在硅油以及液压油中溶解度可靠的数据至关重要. 针对已有测量装置及方法的不足, 建立了一种基于理想气体状态方程来确定气体溶解量的新型精密活塞式装置. 获得了温度为293.2及353.2 K, 压力在0-350 kPa范围内, 空气在500cSt 二甲基硅油中的本生溶解度表达式. 测量了298.2 K时20cSt二甲基硅油及国产32#抗磨液压油在多种气相压力下的本生溶解度. 精度及可靠性分析表明实验数据的误差范围为6%. 本生溶解度与气相压力呈较好的线性关系, 以摩尔分数表示的溶解度与压力呈非线性关系, 但可用Krichevsky-Ilinskaya方程拟合. 发现空气在相对分子质量差异很大的两种二甲基硅油中的本生溶解度很接近, 由此提出, 对于小分子的非极性溶质在聚合物溶剂中的溶解度, 用聚合物单体的摩尔数而不是聚合物分子摩尔数来表示摩尔浓度更有利于实验数据的外推和工程应用. 对于相对分子质量差别较大或无法确定相对分子质量的溶剂, 工程应用中适宜采用本生溶解度.     

新型调压装置在液体饱和蒸气压测定实验中的应用

引入可控进气量和具有独立操作的增、减压缓冲瓶的调压装置,使气压调节缓慢可控,能连续调节缓冲瓶内气体压力以适应不同温度点的液体饱和蒸气压;可通过控制U形液柱缓慢移动来读取气液平衡状态下饱和气压值,较好地克服了以往实验中存在的调压操作困难、易发生空气倒灌及未知蒸气饱和的问题,取得了良好的实验效果,提高了实验数据的准确性。     

SnO2水溶胶气-液界面纳米胶粒成膜过程

采用胶体化学法制得稳定的ＳｎＯ２纳米粒子溶胶。在ＬＢ膜槽内，用膜天平考察了溶胶在陈化和均速压缩过程中，气－液界面表面压力的变化。，并用布儒斯特色显微镜，直接观察了陈化过程中界面胶体粒子的片面成膜过程，和均速压缩过程中界面胶体粒子的压缩成膜过程。     

On the Riemann problem for liquid or gas-liquid media

Self-similar solutions to the Riemann problem for water with the modified Tait equation of state are presented. The methods of Smoller for gas dynamics are employed to reduce the problem to the solution of a single non-linear equation. The same methods are used for solving the Riemann problem at a gas-water interface. In both cases the method of interval bisections affords a solution technique free of problems with convergence.     

Intrusion of fluids into nanogrooves

We study the shape of gas-liquid interfaces forming inside rectangular nanogrooves (i.e., slit-pores capped on one end). On account of purely repulsive fluid-substrate interactions the confining walls are dry (i.e., wet by vapor) and a liquid-vapor interface intrudes into the nanogrooves to a distance determined by the pressure (i.e., chemical potential). By means of Monte Carlo simulations in the grand-canonical ensemble (GCEMC) we obtain the density ρ(z) along the midline (x = 0 of the nanogroove for various geometries (i.e., depths D and widths L of the nanogroove. We analyze the density profiles with the aid of an analytic expression which we obtain through a transfer-matrix treatment of a one-dimensional effective interface Hamiltonian. Besides geometrical parameters such as D and L , the resulting analytic expression depends on temperature T , densities of coexisting gas and liquid phases in the bulk ρ^g,l _x and the interfacial tension γ . The latter three quantities are determined in independent molecular dynamics simulations of planar gas-liquid interfaces. Our results indicate that the analytic formula provides an excellent representation of ρ(z) as long as L is sufficiently small. At larger L the meniscus of the intruding liquid flattens. Under these conditions the transfer-matrix analysis is no longer adequate and the agreement between GCEMC data and the analytic treatment is less satisfactory.