CONCEPTUAL DESIGN STUDIES OF AN 84 GHz, 500 kW, CW GYROTRON

The feasibility of an 84 GHz, 500 kW, CW gyrotron for ECRH on an experimental tokamak will be presented in this paper. Mode competition and mode selection procedures are carefully investigated by considering various candidate modes and the TE_10,4 mode is chosen as the operating mode. A conventional cylindrical cavity resonator with weak input and output tapers and parabolic roundings is considered for interaction studies. Self-consistent, both single mode and time-dependent, calculations are carried out and power and efficiencies are computed for a typical set of beam parameters. The results show that an output power of well over 500 kW, CW and efficiency around 40% can be reached without a depressed collector.     

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HL-2A装置1MW/68GHz/1s电子回旋共振加热传输系统有两条传输线，每条传输线包括波纹波导、换向波导和直流隔离器。HE11模式微波在波导中传输，微波损失小且模式纯度高。用激光校准及用热敏纸测量短脉冲微波模式分布的手段确保传输线的准直性。传输线的倾斜角度小于0.0054rad。     

Primary Results of ECRH Experiment and Electron Heat Transport on the HL-2A Tokamak

As an ordinary mainly auxiliary heating on tokamak plasma, electron cyclotron resonance heating （ ECRH ） is an useful method to the study of electron heat transport and confinement performance. In this work, primary results of ECRH experiments on the HL-2A tokamak are presented. The features of confinement and electron heat transport during ECRH are analyzed.     

The Analysis and Calculation on ECRH Anode Circuit on the HL-2A Tokamak

In the last year, ECRH system has been built in the HL-2A and the testing of gyrotron is also finished. In the project testing, one of the problems is current-peak occurring in the anode circuit of gyrotron. The current-peak is much larger than that of the value set in protection circuit. The frequent current-peak frequently occurring in the rising of anode-voltage often caused the protection circuit to mistaken trigger. The mistaken triggering often halted the normal gyrotron-testing. A set of equations of anode circuit are derived for analysis the phenomena of the current-peak. The calculation based on the deduced formula shows that value of the current-peak strongly depends on the inductance L, capacitance C and the ramp-time of anode voltage in the anode circuit. The conductance L and capacitance C are the characteristic inductance and capacitance of the cable that is used for anode HV power supply. The numerical calculation is exactly consistent with waveform of the current peak recorded by oscillograph, that means the derived formula are correct. In order to decrease the value of the current-peak, we should decrease capacitance C, and increase inductance L and ramp-time of anode voltage.     

Study of the plasma potential evolution during ECRH in the T-10 tokamak and TJ-II stellarator

Comparison of the plasma electric potential evolution in the T-10 tokamak and TJ-II stellarator was performed. The core potential was measured by the heavy-ion beam probing and the edge potential was measured by Langmuir probe. The intrinsic potentials in both devices are different in sign, positive in TJ-II low-density discharge and negative in T-10 higher-density discharges, but during ECRH they evolve similarly: the potential becomes more positive, and increase of ECRH power leads to stronger rise of core potential. Presented at the Workshop “Electric Fields, Structures and Relaxation in Edge Plasmas”, Tarragona, Spain, July 3–4, 2005.     

用光谱学方法研究不同放电等离子体粒子约束

本文用光谱学方法研究在ＨＬ－１装置上ＬＨＣＤ及ＥＣＲＨ等离子体，弹丸注入等离子体，偏压电极与偏压孔栏等离子体粒子约束特性。结果表明：在弹丸注入使用正向偏压电极与偏压孔栏期间，等离子体粒子约束行到改善，较低密度下（＾ｎｅ＜２．０×１０＾１＾３ｃｍ＾－＾３），ＬＨＣＤ脉冲期间粒子约束得到改善；而当密度＾－ｎｅ大于２．０×１０＾１＾３ｃｍ＾－＾３时，等离子体约束变坏。ＥＣＲＨ脉冲期间粒子约束得不到改善。     

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应用准光学原理设计了HL-2A装置电子回旋共振加热(ECRH)系统新的集束天线,该天线能使4束68GHz/500kW/1s电子回旋波通过椭球镜聚焦和平面镜的反射,从一个直径350mm装置窗口同时注入托卡马克,对等离子体实现加热。根据基模高斯束的传播原理得出,在装置环向横截面中心处单条波束的功率密度为158MW•m-2,功率密度降为中心密度的1/e2的半径为31.7mm,微波束经过镜面聚焦和反射产生的欧姆损失和衍射损失分别为0.27%和0.64%。利用有限元分析软件Ansys对镜面进行热分析得到,在1s脉冲载荷下最大镜面温升仅为0.47℃,镜面可以自然冷却。     

Effect of Resonator Parameters on Frequency and Quality Factor of Gyrotron Resonators

The influence of some cavity parameters on the resonance frequency and quality factor is investigated with the aim of comparing various methods of optimization. As an example, the geometry of the designed resonator for an experiment on a multifrequency gyrotron that would operate at 140 GHz in the TE_22,8 mode is considered. This is a weakly–tapered conventional cavity resonator with parabolic–roundings. The influence of the roundings on the quality factor is at least as important as that of the cavity length and the output taper angle.     

HL-2A装置ECRH水冷却系统的研制

研制了压强达0.6MPa总流量达94m3•h-1的HL-2A装置电子回旋共振加热水冷却系统,介绍了该系统的设计、水压控制和参数 测量。计算了水压降和高电压环境中水电阻,测得的回旋管阳极水回路中的漏电流小于1mA。