卤化物固态电解质研究进展

全固态电池因其高能量密度和高安全性而成为具有发展前景的下一代储能技术。开发具有高室温离子电导率、优异化学/电化学稳定性、良好正/负极兼容性的固态电解质是实现全固态电池实用化的关键。卤化物固态电解质因其优异的电化学窗口、高正极稳定性、可接受的室温锂离子电导率等优势,受到了广泛的关注。本文通过对近年来卤化物电解质的相关研究进行总结,综述了该类电解质的组成、结构、离子传导路径及制备方法,并分析了金属卤化物电解质的电导率、稳定性特点,归纳了近年来该电解质在全固态电池中具有代表性的应用,并基于以上总结和分析,指出了卤化物固态电解质的研究难点及发展方向。     

PMMA骨水泥的性能缺陷及针对缺陷的研究进展

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)骨水泥是一种用于治疗脊柱压缩性骨折和固定关节假体的植入材料。临床上运用时仍有三大主要缺陷:甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)聚合放热时会引起的骨组织热坏死、微裂纹产生及失稳扩展会导致力学性能较差,以及与骨组织机械连锁在长期移植后的失效问题。本文依照PMMA骨水泥的上述性能缺陷,提出了有针对性的研究思路,总结了经典研究案例、讨论了具体成果并凝练了今后的研究趋势。同时基于性能缺陷的本质,提出了理想的改性研究需要达到的目的,为今后新型PMMA骨水泥能用于临床奠定理论和实验基础。     

氢质子MR波谱及双回波同反相位成像评价腰椎骨质疏松的研究

为探究氢质子MR波谱(MRS)的脂肪分数(FF)、脂水比(LWR)及双回波同反相位信号比值(SIR)与腰椎定量CT(QCT)骨矿物质密度(BMD)的相关性,并评估MRS、双回波同反相位成像对腰椎骨质减低及骨质疏松的诊断价值,本研究对因腰腿痛就诊的120名患者资料进行了回顾性分析,根据QCT分类标准将患者分为正常组、骨量减少组和骨质疏松组。所行MRI检查包括MRS和双回波同反相位成像,测量腰2~4椎体FF、LWR及双回波同反相位SIR。结果发现,FF、LWR、SIR与BMD呈负相关;FF、LWR与SIR呈正相关。FF、LWR、SIR、BMD在骨量正常组、骨量减少组和骨质疏松组任意两组间差异均有显著性(P<0.001)。本研究表明MRS及双回波同反相位成像可通过无创无辐射检测骨髓脂肪组织而间接反映骨代谢情况。     

口腔种植体中的生物力学

 介绍了口腔种植体的发展历史及基于骨结合理论基 础上的现代口腔种植体所取得的巨大成绩. 概述了种植体设计及临床应用中所遇 到的生物力学问题, 包括种植体的载荷传导特点、种植体/颌骨系统的力学建模、 种植体所引起的骨吸收等等. 指出了我国研发具有自主知识产权的种植体体系的 重要性.     

A new type of micropump driven by a low electric voltage

In this paper, we propose a new prototype model of a micro pump using ICPF (Ionic Conducting Polymer Film) actuator as the servo actuator. This micro pump consists of two active oneway valves that make use of the same ICPF actuator. The overall size of this micro pump prototype is 12mm in diameter and 20 mm in length. The actuating mechanism is as follows: (1) The ICPF actuator as the diaphragm is bent into anode side by application of electricity. Then the volume of the pump chamber increases, resulting in the inflow of liquid from the inlet to the chamber. (2) By changing the current direction, the volume of the pump chamber decreases, resulting in the liquid flow from the chamber to the outlet. (3) The ICPF actuator is put on a sine voltage, the micro pump provides liquid flow from the inlet to the outlet continuously. Characteristic of the micro pump is measured. The experimental results indicate that the micro pump has the satisfactory responses.     

EFFECTIVE ELASTIC MODULUS OF BONE-LIKE HIERARCHICAL MATERIALS

A shear-lag model is used to study the mechanical properties of bone-like hierarchical materials.The relationship between the overall effective modulus and the number of hierarchy level is obtained.The result is compared with that based on the tension-shear chain model and finite element simulation,respectively.It is shown that all three models can be used to describe the mechanical behavior of the hierarchical material when the number of hierarchy levels is small.By increasing the number of hierarchy level,the shear-lag result is consistent with the finite element result.However the tension-shear chain model leads to an opposite trend.The transition point position depends on the fraction of hard phase,aspect ratio and modulus ratio of hard phase to soft phase.Further discussion is performed on the flaw tolerance size and strength of hierarchical materials based on the shear-lag analysis.     

牛股骨断裂力学的试验研究

本文用新鲜牛股骨做骨断裂力学试验,采用紧凑拉伸试样测定骨纵向裂纹的 K_C 值,且使用拱形三点弯曲试样和 C 形拉伸试样来测定骨横向裂纹的 K_C 值。试验结果表明:两种同为 CR 取向的横向裂纹试样的 K_C 平均值很接近,且骨纵向和横向有完全不同的断裂特征.     

采用等效渗透系数法搜索渗流自由面

采用一个具体的实例对比分析了当前最为常用的几种自由面确定方法 ,阐明了各自的优缺点 ;然后在此基础上对单元传导矩阵调整法作了简化和改进 ,提出了等效渗透系数法。应用表明 ,等效渗透系数法不仅具有足够的计算精度 ,而且还具备算法简单、易推广等优点