石英晶体板非线性高频振动的拓展伽辽金法分析

针对考虑几何和材料非线性的石英晶体板厚度剪切振动和弯曲振动的方程组,利用扩展伽辽金法对该方程组进行转化和求解,分别获得了强烈耦合的厚度剪切振动模态和弯曲振动模态的频率响应关系,绘制了不同振幅比和不同驱动电压影响下的频率响应曲线图。数值计算结果表明可以选取石英晶片的最佳长厚比尺寸来避免两种模态的强烈耦合。驱动电压的变化将引起石英晶体谐振器厚度剪切振动频率的明显改变,必须将振动频率的漂移值控制在常用压电声波器件的允许值之内。扩展伽辽金法对石英晶体板非线性振动方程组的求解为非线性有限元分析和偏场效应分析奠定了基础。     

100 kHz腔倒空薄片激光器理论与实验研究

对100 kHz运转的腔倒空薄片激光器的输出特性进行了理论和实验研究。首先建立起腔倒空薄片激光器的速率方程理论模型，模型中考虑了单位时间谐振腔中新增的自发辐射光子数，对其占总自发辐射光子数的比例进行了分析，并结合一些参数进行了仿真。进一步搭建了重复频率为100 kHz的腔倒空薄片激光器实验装置，获得了平均功率为253 W的纳秒激光脉冲输出，光光效率约为35.2%,脉冲宽度为10.4 ns,单脉冲能量为2.53 mJ,脉冲的峰值功率超过了200 kW,x和y方向的光束质量M²分别为9.77和9.27。针对腔倒空调Q的动力学稳定性问题，研究了普克尔盒开关时间对输出平均功率和输出脉冲稳定性的影响，实验中观察到了倍周期分岔和确定性混沌现象，从理论上对这个现象进行了仿真分析，仿真结果可与实验结果相符。     

非线性玻尔兹曼方程的傅里叶谱方法

玻尔兹曼方程作为空气动理学中最基本的方程之一,是连接微观牛顿力学和宏观连续介质力学的重要桥梁.该方程描述了一个由大量粒子组成的复杂系统的非平衡态时间演化:除了基本的输运项,其最重要的特性是粒子间的相互碰撞由一个高维,非局部且非线性的积分算子来描述,从而给玻尔兹曼方程的数值求解带来非常大的挑战.在过去的二十年间,基于傅里叶级数的谱方法成为了数值求解玻尔兹曼方程的一种很受欢迎且有效的确定性算法.这主要归功于谱方法的高精度及它可以被快速傅里叶变换加速的特质.本文将回顾玻尔兹曼方程的傅里叶谱方法,具体包括方法的导出,稳定性和收敛性分析,快速算法,以及在一大类基于碰撞的空气动理学方程中的推广.     

基于NiCo2O4纳米片电极的非对称混合电容器

The looming global energy crisis and ever-increasing energy demands have catalyzed the development of renewable energy storage systems. In this regard, supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted widespread attention because of their advantageous attributes such as high power density, excellent cycle stability, and environmental friendliness. However, SCs exhibit low energy density and it is important to optimize electrode materials to improve the overall performance of these devices. Among the various electrode materials available, spinel nickel cobaltate (NiCo₂O₄) is particularly interesting because of its excellent theoretical capacitance. Based on the understanding that the performances of the electrode materials strongly depend on their morphologies and structures, in this study, we successfully synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets on Ni foam via a simple hydrothermal route followed by calcination. The structures and morphologies of the as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and the results showed that they were uniformly distributed on the Ni foam support. The surface chemical states of the elements in the samples were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ products were then tested as cathode materials for supercapacitors in a traditional three-electrode system. The electrochemical performances of the NiCo₂O₄ electrode materials were studied and the area capacitance was found to be 1.26 C·cm^-2 at a current density of 1 mA·cm^-2. Furthermore, outstanding cycling stability with 97.6% retention of the initial discharge capacitance after 10000 cycles and excellent rate performance (67.5% capacitance retention with the current density from 1 to 14 mA·cm^-2) were achieved. It was found that the Ni foam supporting the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets increased the conductivity of the electrode materials. However, it is worth noting that the contribution of nickel foam to the areal capacitance of the electrode materials was almost zero during the charge and discharge processes. To further investigate the practical application of the as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets-based electrode, a device was assembled with the as-prepared samples as the positive electrode and active carbon (AC) as the negative electrode. The assembled supercapacitor showed energy densities of 0.14 and 0.09 Wh·cm^-3 at 1.56 and 4.5 W·cm^-3, respectively. Furthermore, it was able to maintain 95% of its initial specific capacitance after 10000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets could be ascribed to their unique spatial structure composed of interconnected ultrathin nanosheets, which facilitated electron transportation and ion penetration, suggesting their potential applications as electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors. The present synthetic route can be extended to other ternary transition metal oxides/sulfides for future energy storage devices and systems.     

四方体MgO的制备及对有机染料的吸附

以六水氯化镁和六次甲基四胺为原料,采用水热法合成四方体MgO,考察其对有机染料甲基橙和亚甲基蓝的吸附行为.通过TGA-DTA、SEM、XRD、N2-sorption和FT-IR等手段表征样品.结果表明,原料浓度、温度和表面活性剂对四方体MgO结构的形成影响较小,而反应时间的延长有助于有序结构的组装.温度170℃、时间24h、MgCl2·6H2O与C6H12N4浓度比为1∶2和表面活性剂PVP是制备四方体MgO的最佳条件.在溶液浓度10mg · L-1的单一吸附实验过程中,四方体MgO对甲基橙和亚甲基蓝的去除率分别为91.3;和22.3;,吸附过程均为单层吸附且符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和伪二级吸附动力学方程.在溶液浓度40 mg·L-1、甲基橙和亚甲基蓝浓度比3∶1的混合溶液吸附过程中,四方体MgO对甲基橙和亚甲基蓝的去除率分别为80.1;和97.9;.     

含分布时滞的时滞微分系统多步龙格-库塔方法的时滞相关稳定性

本文研究了一类含分布时滞的时滞微分系统的多步龙格-库塔方法的稳定性.基于辐角原理，本文给出了多步龙格-库塔方法弱时滞相关稳定性的充分条件，并通过数值算例验证了理论结果的有效性.     

具有中心对称结构的3m点群晶体中紫外三次谐波的产生

研究了中心对称晶体中的三阶非线性频率转换,并在这类晶体中实现了紫外激光的有效输出.确定了负单轴晶体的相位匹配角公式及相应的相位匹配角.选择带有离域共轭π键的冰洲石晶体和α-BBO晶体进行实验.以飞秒激光作为基频光,在Ⅱ类相位匹配方式下,利用α-BBO晶体获得了最高单脉冲能量为37.6μJ的266nm紫外三次谐波,最高转换效率为2.5%;利用冰洲石晶体获得了最高单脉冲能量为19.3μJ的266nm紫外三次谐波,最高转换效率为1.25%.该研究验证了利用中心对称晶体的三阶非线性效应直接获得紫外激光的可行性和获得深紫外激光的可能性,为紫外非线性晶体的探索和深紫外激光的研究提供参考.     

基于气泵的声管实验及分析

为研究声管的发声频率，进行了实验设计和分析.声管转动发声是由于空气在声管中的流动，考虑实际的实验条件，设计了气泵吹气代替声管转动的实验方式，改变吹气速率并测量发声频率.通过对实验结果的分析发现，此时的声管不符合两端开口即两端为波腹的条件，而是一端波节、一端波腹.声管的发声频率取决于其长度，符合驻波特性，发声时吹气速率与波纹长度须满足共振条件.研究结果有助于对驻波的理解和相关内容的实验设计.