A review of recent advances in selective catalytic NOx reduction reactor technologies

Research on NOx treatment is extensive in recent years due to growing environmental awareness. Selec- tive catalytic reduction （SCR） of NOx, as a proven technology, offers higher NOx control efficiency than many other NOx treatment methods. The present work reviews the recent development of SCR reactor technologies. Firstly, catalysts and mechanism of different SCRs were briefly summarized. Different SCR reactors, e.g. structured reactor, fluidized bed reactor and moving bed reactor, were then discussed. As a more advanced technology, multifunctional reactors were also developed for SCR process and could be divided into two categories： decoupled adsorption-reaction process and combined SCR system. The mechanism and properties of these processes were discussed in detail. Some recommendations were given for the future work in SCR reactor design. SCR reactor technology for emerging energy processes was also addressed, such as oxyfuel combustion and biofuel conversion processes, which put forward new requirements for SCR technologies and also open new opportunities for advanced design of SCR reactors.     

滑动弧等离子体固氮研究进展

传统工业固氮采用哈伯-博施(Haber-Bosch)工艺,但是需要高温高压,能耗高,污染严重。滑动弧等离子体(Gliding arc plasma, GAP)兼具热等离子体和冷等离子体的优点,能够高效地产生活性物种,显著提高能量效率,使其在固氮领域具有很大的潜在应用价值,近年来受到人们的广泛关注。然而,目前GAP固氮相关研究还比较零散,有必要对具体内容进行总结归纳。本文主要综述了近10年来国内外GAP固氮研究进展,主要包括GAP放电机制、反应器设计、工艺参数研究以及固氮反应机理研究。GAP放电存在击穿伴随滑动放电的B-G模式和持续稳定放电A-G模式,A-G模式放电有助于提高固氮效率。随着滑动弧放电技术的不断发展,GAP反应器中电极结构从传统的2D刀片结构演变到了多种3D柱形结构。通过工艺优化,GAP有助于N₂分子的振动激发,从而促进N₂分子的分裂转化。最后,对GAP固氮研究进行了展望。     

分子筛膜反应器的研究进展

分子筛膜具有规整的微孔结构(<1 nm), 耐高温高压、 抗有机溶剂, 在液相和气相小分子分离中受到广泛关注. 分子筛膜可以与催化反应耦合于一体构成膜反应器, 使反应过程与组分分离同时进行, 促进反应平衡移动, 达到反应强化的效果. 本文概述了近十年不同类型分子筛膜反应器在催化反应中的应用研究进展, 并对分子筛膜反应器未来的发展趋势进行了展望.     

Magnetically stabilized bed reactor for selective hydrogenation of olefins in reformate with amorphous nickel alloy catalyst

A magnetically stabilized bed （MSB） reactor for selective hydrogenation of olefins in reformate was developed by combining the advantages of MSB and amorphous nickel alloy catalyst. The effects of operating conditions, such as temperature, pressure, liquid space velocity, hydrogen-to-oil ratio, and magnetic field intensity on the reaction were studied. A mathematical model of MSB reactor for hydrogenation of olefins in reformate was established. A reforming flow scheme with a post-hydrogenation MSB reactor was proposed. Finally, MSB hydrogenation was compared with clay treatment and conventional post-hydrogenation.     

行星式MOCVD反应器进口结构对AlN生长的气相反应和生长速率的影响

针对行星式MOCVD(Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition)反应器进口结构对AlN生长的化学反应路径和生长速率的影响进行数值模拟研究,通过改变反应器进口形式、数量以及隔板位置发现,二重进口反应器倒置进口(即Ⅲ族在下,Ⅴ族在上)时,衬底前端的含Al粒子浓度明显升高,尤其是MMAl的浓度比传统进口反应器高两个数量级,气相反应中热解路径占主导,薄膜生长速率明显提高.在倒置进口的基础上优化隔板位置,生长速率略微降低,但薄膜均匀性明显改善.当反应器进口数量从二重变为三重和五重,反应从热解路径占主导变为热解路径和加合路径共同作用,薄膜生长速率逐渐增加,而均匀性明显改善.     

煤炭间接液化:从基础到工业化

中国需要自主发展煤炭间接液化工业化技术,以缓解油品供应的紧张局面,保障经济的可持续发展.近年来中国成功地进行了煤炭间接液化示范厂的运行,掌握了成熟可靠的费托合成催化剂技术和大型合成反应器技术,正在设计和建设百万吨级合成油商业厂.本文简要介绍了国内外煤炭间接液化技术发展状态,评述了我国煤炭间接液化技术在费托合成反应机理、催化剂研制、反应动力学、反应器设计、系统工艺集成、油品加工等方面从基础到工程技术的研究进展,分析了我国建设百万吨级煤炭间接液化商业厂需要解决的关键基础和工程技术问题,并对我国未来煤制油产业化发展的前景以及所面临的挑战与对策进行了展望.     

模拟体内微环境筛选与肿瘤细胞作用的中药活性成分

利用三维(3D)细胞反应器模拟体内微环境,建立了一种与肿瘤细胞作用的活性分子的筛选和分析方法.利用药物与三维细胞反应器中活肿瘤细胞和固化肿瘤细胞分别作用后的HPLC生物指纹谱峰面积之间有无显著性差异,建立了与细胞结合的活性成分的筛选识别模型.已知抗肿瘤药物紫杉醇和白藜声醇的谱峰均具有显著性差异,而非抗肿瘤药物酮洛芬和青霉素G的谱峰均没有显著性差异,证明利用该模型筛选识别与细胞结合的活性成分是可行的.此外,应用该模型从中草药桃儿七提取物中筛选出了7种可作用于Lovo细胞的活性成分.此研究提供了一种模拟体内微环境下与肿瘤细胞作用的活性成分的筛选和分析方法,在药物发现环节,特别是中草药活性成分研究中具有潜在的应用价值.     

不同结构Cu_2O多晶的合成及其对高氯酸铵热分解的催化作用

利用均相反应器,在没有添加剂的条件下合成了具有多孔结构的Cu2O微球.考察了合成时间以及反应器旋转速度对Cu2O微球结构的影响.通过增加聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的用量,使得Cu2O从多孔微球转变为立方体孪晶,最终形成十四面体孪晶结构.同时,将不同结构的Cu2O多晶应用于催化高氯酸铵(AP)的热分解,结果表明:多孔Cu2O微球较其它结构的Cu2O对AP的热分解具有更高的催化活性,使得AP的低温分解温度降低了37.4°C,而AP在低温阶段的分解量也由8.7%增加至49.0%.     

反应物的变化对吸附相反应技术制备NiO/SiO2的影响

以SiO2为载体,研究反应物种类和浓度对吸附相反应技术制备NiO粒子的影响。首先采用滴定法测定了各个反应物在载体表面的吸附过程,利用TEM、XRD分析,对比了不同反应物制备得到的NiO粒子的形貌。在确定了反应物的基础上,进一步设计了2种水量下制备实验,研究反应物浓度对粒子形貌的影响。XRD结果表明,1.0mL水量下NiO粒子的晶粒粒径随着反应物浓度增加先缓慢减少后增大。而随反应物浓度增加,5.0mL水量得到的粒子晶粒粒径则一直变大。2种吸附层中不同的反应速率使得相同条件下,高水量(5.0mL)得到的NiO粒子粒径要小于1.0mL水量下得到的粒子。物理吸附层中形成的粒子与载体结合力较弱,使得焙烧后5.0mL水量下得到的粒子在SiO2上分布不均匀。     

Partial oxidation of simulated hot coke oven gas to syngas over Ru-Ni/Mg（Al）O catalyst in a ceramic membrane reactor

Hydrogen amplification from simulated hot coke oven gas (HCOG) was investigated in a BaCo0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3−δ (BCFNO) membrane reactor combined with a Ru-Ni/Mg(Al)O catalyst by the partial oxidation of hydrocarbon compounds under atmospheric pressure. Under optimized reaction conditions, the dense oxygen permeable membrane had an oxygen permeation flux around 13.3 ml/(cm2·min). By reforming of the toluene and methane, the amount of H2 in the reaction effluent gas was about 2 times more than that of original H2 in simulated HCOG. The Ru-Ni/Mg(Al)O catalyst used in the membrane reactor possessed good catalytic activity and resistance to coking. After the activity test, a small amount of whisker carbon was observed on the used catalyst, and most of them could be removed in the hydrogen-rich atmosphere, implying that the carbon deposition formed on the catalyst might be a reversible process.