旋转重力梯度仪的加速度计动态调节方法与需求分析

适合陆基使用的旋转重力梯度仪采用多个加速度计的组合输出,能有效地抑制平台的共模噪声,实现对地球表面微小重力梯度变化信号的测量.其关键技术之一就是对多个加速度计进行动态匹配调节,通过实时反馈来降低多种噪声和误差,从而降低对研制单个加速度计的性能要求.本文结合旋转重力梯度仪中加速度计的匹配调节方法,以重力梯度测量分辨率达到1E为目标分析,结果表明对加速度计的标度因子一致性匹配需要达到10-11的量级,对二阶非线性因子调节同样需要达到～10-11g/g2的量级.     

基于低温超导量子干涉器件的脑 听觉激励磁场探测

本文利用磁屏蔽室和二阶轴向梯度计抑制环境磁场噪声, 建立了单通道脑磁探测系统, 并对不用声音频率下脑听觉激励磁场N100m响应进行了初步探测.结果显示, 1000 Hz音频和100 ms持续声音激励下, N100m峰值的典型强度约为0.4 pT.在低的声音频率激励下, N100m峰出现延时, 100 Hz 和1000 Hz之间的延时差别达到25 ms.相比于1 kHz特定频率的声音激励, 1—4 kHz 随机变频下的N100m峰幅度增强, 出现了数毫秒的延时.本研究为下一步利用软件梯度计进行多通道脑磁系统和听觉机理研究奠定了一定的基础.     

A SQUID gradiometer module with large junction shunt resistors

A dual-washer superconducting quantum interference device(SQUID) with a loop inductance of 350 pH and two onwasher integrated input coils is designed according to conventional niobium technology. In order to obtain a large SQUID flux-to-voltage transfer coefficient, the junction shunt resistance is selected to be 33 ?. A vertical SQUID gradiometer module with a baseline of 100 mm is constructed by utilizing such a SQUID and a first-order niobium wire-wound antenna.The sensitivity of this module reaches about 0.2 fT/(cm·Hz1/2) in the white noise range using a direct readout scheme, i.e.,the SQUID is directly connected to an operational amplifier, in a magnetically shielded room. Some magnetocardiography(MCG) measurements with a sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) are demonstrated.     

High-Tc planar SQUID gradiometer for eddy current non-destructive evaluation

This paper reports the fabrication and test of a high-Tc SQUID planar gradiometer which is patterned from YBCO thin film deposited on a SrTiO3 bicrystal substrate. The measurement of noise spectrum at 77K shows that the white noise at 200 Hz is about 1×10^-4 φ0/√Hz. The minimal magnetic gradient is measured and the results suggest that the minimal magnetic gradient is 94 pT/m. The planar gradiometer is used in non-destructive evaluation （NDE） experiments to detect the artifacts in conducting aluminium plates by performing eddy current testing in an unshielded environment. The effect of the exciting coil dimension on the NDE results is investigated. By mapping out the induced field distribution, flaws about 10mm below the plate surface can be clearly identified.     

Flip-chip-type high-Tc gradiometer for biomagnetic measurements in unshielded environment

A flip-chip-type gradiometer has been constructed with a 10 mm×5 mm planar DC-SQUID gradiometer fabricated on a SrTiO3 bicrystal substrate and a flux transformer made from a YBCO*/YBCO/CeO2/YSZ multilayer on a φ50.8 mm Si wafer. The coupling coefficient between the flux transformer and the planar gradiometer is 0.18. The transformer increases effectively the resolution of the gradiometer. A magnetic field gradient resolution of 73 fT·cm-1·Hz-1/2 in the white region and 596 fT·cm-1Hz-1/2 at 1 Hz has been obtained. High quality magnetocardiogram signals have been successfully measured by using this flip-chip-type gradiometer in an unshielded environment.     

星载原子干涉重力梯度仪测量方法与噪声分析

原子干涉重力梯度仪在星载环境下可获得较长的干涉时间,有效规避了原子触碰容器壁的风险,因此可实现高精度的测量,同时利于星载仪器的小型化。目前原子干涉重力梯度仪地面测量技术成熟,尚未得到空间应用。根据星载失重的特殊条件,提出一种适用于空间微重力环境的原子干涉重力梯度测量方法,并对其测量精度进行了分析。结果表明,在卫星重力测量关注的0.1 Hz以下的测量频带内,星载原子干涉重力梯度仪的潜在测量精度可达到1 mE/Hz~(1/2)。该测量方法为未来原子干涉重力梯度仪的星载应用提供重要的技术基础。     

旋转加速度计式重力梯度仪输出解调与滤波

重力梯度仪是对地球表面微小重力梯度变化进行连续测量的仪器。由于核心敏感元件加速度计工艺与性能水平限制,以及多环节安装误差等因素导致系统实际输出信号中包含了大量噪声,且信噪比极低,为了能够在强噪声中有效提取真实的重力梯度信号,需在信号解调过程中降低谐波干扰引起的测量偏差。结合误差产生机理,分析比较了不同的解调方法对重力梯度信号解调的影响,明确了合理的信号解调手段。同时,在数据处理过程中增加带通滤波环节,进一步降低动态噪声对系统的影响。结合动态摇摆实验数据的仿真验证结果表明:上述措施对重力梯度仪原始观测数据的噪声抑制具有明显效果,测量偏差在一定程度上得到解决,解调后信号的噪声幅度下降至20%,提高了系统的空间分辨率,具有工程化应用意义。     

Baseline optimization of SQUID gradiometer for magnetocardiography

SQUID gradiometer techniques are widely used in noise cancellation for biomagnetic measurements.An appropriate gradiometer baseline is very important for the biomagnetic detection with high performance.By placing several magnetometers at different heights along the vertical direction,we could simultaneously obtain the synthetic gradiometers with different baselines.By using the traditional signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) as a performance index,we successfully obtain an optimal baseline for the magnetocardiography(MCG) measurement in a magnetically shielded room(MSR).Finally,we obtain an optimal baseline of 7 cm and use it for the practical MCG measurement in our MSR.The SNR about 38 dB is obtained in the recorded MCG signal.     

旋转加速度计重力梯度仪标度因子调整方法及误差补偿研究

在旋转加速度计重力梯度仪的重力梯度测量原理的基础上,本文提出了加速度计标度因子的在线调整方法。此方法对加速度计组合输出信号中的标度因子不平衡信息进行解调,通过反馈实现标度因子的调整,同时可实现对重力梯度仪系统误差的补偿。