星载原子干涉重力梯度仪测量方法与噪声分析

原子干涉重力梯度仪在星载环境下可获得较长的干涉时间,有效规避了原子触碰容器壁的风险,因此可实现高精度的测量,同时利于星载仪器的小型化。目前原子干涉重力梯度仪地面测量技术成熟,尚未得到空间应用。根据星载失重的特殊条件,提出一种适用于空间微重力环境的原子干涉重力梯度测量方法,并对其测量精度进行了分析。结果表明,在卫星重力测量关注的0.1 Hz以下的测量频带内,星载原子干涉重力梯度仪的潜在测量精度可达到1 mE/Hz~(1/2)。该测量方法为未来原子干涉重力梯度仪的星载应用提供重要的技术基础。     

Comparison of the sensitivities for atom interferometers in two different operation methods

We investigated the sensitivities of atom interferometers in the usual fringe-scanning method(FSM) versus the fringelocking method(FLM). The theoretical analysis shows that for typical noises in atom interferometers, the FSM will degrade the sensitivity while the FLM does not. The sensitivity-improvement factor of the FLM over the FSM depends on the type of noises, which is validated by numerical simulations. The detailed quantitative analysis on this fundamental issue is presented, and our analysis is readily extendable to other kinds of noises as well as other fringe shapes in addition to a cosine one.     

卫星平台扰动对星载原子干涉重力梯度仪测量影响分析

面向未来空间应用,分析了卫星平台扰动对星载原子干涉重力梯度仪测量噪声的影响。其中卫星平台平动自由度的干扰加速度导致梯度仪质心偏差和梯度仪基线长度变化,卫星平台转动自由度的干扰加速度带来拉曼激光方向偏离,引入额外的离心力与科里奥利力。分析结果表明,对于卫星平动自由度,其干扰加速度贡献的原子干涉重力梯度仪测量噪声较小,可忽略不计;对于卫星转动自由度,可通过对卫星角运动的测量和补偿,将原子干涉重力梯度仪的测量噪声在0.1?Hz以下的测量频带内抑制到1?mE/Hz1/2。所述研究将对未来原子干涉重力梯度仪的星载应用提供理论支撑。