一类多输出函数研究

本文研究和讨论了作为多输出函数的N级模2~M背包变换平衡特性,给出了N级模2~M平衡背包变换的结构、计数和函数性质,指出了N级模2~M平衡背包变换本身作为密码变换函数存在着除了第M路外,所有各路的输出函数都是不完全函数的弱点,从而得出了背包变换是密码学弱函数的结论.     

高等院校概率论数理统计课程分级教学的实践与思考

系统介绍了我校概率论数理统计课程分级教学的改革实践与经验,深入分析了目前存在的主要问题,并初步探讨了构建合理的分级教学模式、全面提高教学质量的关键因素及解决途径.     

Some robust objectives of FCM for data analyzing

There are many data clustering techniques available to extract meaningful information from real world data, but the obtained clustering results of the available techniques, running time for the performance of clustering techniques in clustering real world data are highly important. This work is strongly felt that fuzzy clustering technique is suitable one to find meaningful information and appropriate groups into real world datasets. In fuzzy clustering the objective function controls the groups or clusters and computation parts of clustering. Hence researchers in fuzzy clustering algorithm aim is to minimize the objective function that usually has number of computation parts, like calculation of cluster prototypes, degree of membership for objects, computation part for updating and stopping algorithms. This paper introduces some new effective fuzzy objective functions with effective fuzzy parameters that can help to minimize the running time and to obtain strong meaningful information or clusters into the real world datasets. Further this paper tries to introduce new way for predicting membership, centres by minimizing the proposed new fuzzy objective functions. And experimental results of proposed algorithms are given to illustrate the effectiveness of proposed methods.     

基于质量分级的生鲜农产品供应链的定价与保鲜策略研究

为了有效降低生鲜农产品损耗,保障流通与销售过程中生鲜农产品的品质及安全,解决消费者对生鲜农产品品质及其新鲜度的高追求与生鲜农产品冷链物流成本过高导致保鲜投入不足之间的矛盾,文中以价格和新鲜度为市场需求的主要影响因素,分别在产销地均不分级、销地分级和产地分级三种质量分级模式下,构建了供应商和零售商的利润函数,采用stackelberg博弈求解得到各自的最优定价策略和最优保鲜策略.对不同质量分级模式下的定价策略和保鲜策略进行对比分析显示,产地分级模式下的定价策略有利于增加市场需求及市场主体的利润;产地分级模式下的保鲜策略在控制损耗的效果和控制保鲜的成本上都优于其他模式.     

相干滤波成像系统测量光学元件表面疵病

本文利用相干高通滤波成像系统对光学元件表面疵病进行了测量 ,提出了等效疵病面积的概念及计算公式 ,由等效疵病面积可计算出与 GB1185 - 89对应的疵病等级 J。实验装置的分辨率为 10μm,并具有可靠的表面疵病等级评价     

Examining and developing fourth grade children’s area estimation performance

This study explored children’s area estimation performance. Two groups of fourth grade children completed area estimation tasks with rectangles ranging from 5 to 200 square units. A randomly assigned treatment group completed instructional sessions that involved a conceptual area measurement strategy along with numerical feedback. Children tended to underestimate areas of rectangles. Furthermore, rectangle size was related to performance such that estimation error and variability increased as rectangle size increased. The treatment group exhibited significantly improved area estimation performance in terms of accuracy, as well as reduced variability and instances of extreme responses. Area measurement estimation findings are related to a Hypothetical Learning Trajectory for area measurement.     

基于随机时滞模型的学习成绩波动规律

依据学习机制和教育心理学、认知心理学等有关研究成果,运用动力系统、随机过程等理论,构建描述学习成绩变化的随机时滞模型,并通过模型动力学性态的研究来揭示学习成绩波动特性,预测学习成绩对学习系统中内外因素的反应,分析造成学习成绩波动的原因,探讨相应的教学干预策略.结果表明,学习成绩波动是由4种动力学模式主导;学习成绩对学习系统内外因素具有高度的敏感性.这将从理论上加深对认知涌现机制的认识,并对于拓展和改进教学思维有积极意义.     

Equation structure and the meaning of the equal sign: The impact of task selection in eliciting elementary students’ understandings

This paper reports results from a written assessment given to 290 third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade students prior to any instructional intervention. We share and discuss students’ responses to items addressing their understanding of equation structure and the meaning of the equal sign. We found that many students held an operational conception of the equal sign and had difficulty recognizing underlying structure in arithmetic equations. Some students, however, were able to recognize underlying structure on particular tasks. Our findings can inform early algebra efforts by highlighting the prevalence of the operational view and by identifying tasks that have the potential to help students begin to think about equations in a structural way at the very beginning of their early algebra experiences.     

Fuzzy sets and type 2 under algebraic product and algebraic sum

The concept of fuzzy sets of type 2 has been proposed by L.A. Zadeh as an extension of ordinary fuzzy sets. A fuzzy set of type 2 can be defined by a fuzzy membership function, the grade (or fuzzy grade) of which is taken to be a fuzzy set in the unit interval [0, 1] rather than a point in [0, 1].This paper investigates the algebraic properties of fuzzy grades (that is, fuzzy sets of type 2) under the operations of algebraic product and algebraic sum which can be defined by using the concept of the extension principle and shows that fuzzy grades under these operations do not form such algebraic structures as a lattice and a semiring. Moreover, the properties of fuzzy grades are also discussed in the case where algebraic product and algebraic sum are combined with the well-known operations of join and meet for fuzzy grades and it is shown that normal convex fuzzy grades form a lattice ordered semigroup under join, meet and algebraic product.     

Students’ coordination of lower and higher dimensional units in the context of constructing and evaluating sums of consecutive whole numbers

This paper examines how three eighth grade students coordinated lower and higher dimensional units (e.g., composite units and pairs) in the context of constructing a formula for evaluating sums of consecutive whole numbers while solving combinatorics problems (e.g., 1 + 2 + ⋯ + 15 = (16 × 15)/2). The data is drawn from the beginning of an 8-month teaching experiment. The findings from the study include: (1) a framework for understanding how students coordinate lower and higher dimensional units; (2) identification of key learning that occurred as students made the transition between solving two kinds of combinatorics problems; and (3) identification of the links between the way students’ coordinated lower and higher dimensional units and their evaluation of sums of consecutive whole numbers. Implications for research and teaching are considered.