全硅FER沸石上有机吸附物脱附行为的研究

运用热分析技术,研究吸附在体相和表面结构完美的单晶状疏水全硅FER沸石孔道中的有机化合物的脱附行为,测定亲和性指数AT值和负载量。所研究的吸附质为直链烷烃、直链烷基醇、直链烷基胺等,结果显示醇有较低的AT值,而直链烷烃有较高的AT值,胺类有最高的AT值。证明全硅FER沸石骨架对烷基、胺基呈现出强的"亲和性",而对羟基呈现出“憎性”。同时还发现吸附质的链长对脱附性质、AT值也有较大影响。     

用计算模拟方法研究Al_3P_4O_(16)~(3-)计量比的二维层状磷酸铝中的有机胺模板能力

将快速 Monte Carlo方法与分子动力学方法相结合 ,研究了不同种类有机分子在 Al3P4 O3- 1 6 计量比的二维层状磷酸铝形成中的模板能力 .依据主 -客体之间非键相互作用能 (包括范德华能、氢键能和库仑能 ) ,可合理地解释已知实验现象 ,并能有效地预测出适于形成某一特定无机层结构的有机胺模板剂 .通过选择理论预测的有机胺分子作为模板剂 ,成功地合成了二维层状磷酸铝化合物 Al3P4 O1 6 · 1 .5 H3NC6 H1 0 NH3.     

Spectroscopic Study on Interaction of β-Cyclodextrin with Triprolidine Hydrochloride

The complexation of triprolidine hydrochloride （TRP） and β-cyclodextrin （β-CD） in deuterium oxide was investigated by 400 MHz 1^H NMR spectroscopy. The 800 MHz 2D ROESY data revealed that two 1 ：1 and one 2 ： 1 β-CD-TRP inclusion complexes were formed. Both aromatic moieties （p-tolyl and pyridyl ring） has entered into the β-CD cavity, confirming the existence of two different equilibria for 1 ： 1 inclusion complexes in which p-tolyl ring of the guest is more tightly held by the host cavity. The ROE intermolecular interactions provided the plausible structures of these 1 ： 1 and 2 ： 1 stoichiometric inclusion complexes of β-CD-triprolidine hydrochloride in solu- tion.     

烷基紫精/五氧化二钒插层化合物的组装、表征及磁性的研究

以烷基紫精(alkylviologens; 又称紫精或紫罗精)为有机客体、层状五氧化二钒为无机主体, 在液、固两相反应体系中, 利用I^－与V^5＋的氧化还原反应, 使烷基紫精阳离子通过静电引力作用进入被还原的五氧化二钒层板之间, 形成一系列新颖的无机-有机插层化合物. 并运用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、红外(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见漫反射(UV-vis DRS)等方法对其进行了表征. XRD分析结果证明, 五氧化二钒的层间距随着烷基紫精中烷基链的增长而增大, 但其结晶度随着烷基紫精阳离子中烷基链的增加而降低. XPS研究表明, 该类材料中的钒是以V^4＋和V^5＋两种混合价态存在, 氧原子处于三种不同的化学环境, 这些现象说明烷基紫精阳离子的引入对五氧化二钒的骨架结构影响不大, 主体五氧化二钒的层状结构保存完好; 氮原子处于两种不同的化学环境, 证实插层化合物中主客体之间相互修饰的协同效应, 有可能起到了稳定客体分子激发态的作用, 同时FT-IR光谱中芳香环特征谱带强度的变化也进一步证明了这一结论. UV-vis DRS分析发现由于主客体的相互作用使插层化合物在紫外和可见光区域产生特殊的光吸收性质. 从磁性研究的结果可以看出, 在温度低于15 K时, 插层化合物RV2为反铁磁性的有序结构; 当温度高于15 K时, 转变为顺磁性, 表现出磁无序结构.     

有机-无机纳米复合材料光谱与电子性质研究进展

有机-无机纳米复合材料的研究在当前纳米科学技术的发展中占有重要地位，开创了材料与催化科学研究的新纪元。自从10年前首次合成纳米孔无机材料MCM-41至今，该领域研究不断深入，已展现出广阔的应用前景。当客体有机分子分散于纳米孔道内部时，其分子性质将产生明显变化。本文结合作者近期研究成果，力图从实验与理论两方面阐明在纳米复合体系中客体分子性质变化的原因。     

FTO客体3m闪光照相的Monte Carlo研究

 研究了客体模型FTO的闪光照相系统X光输运过程，给出了直穿照射量、散射照射量、直散比、直穿照射量能谱、散射照射量能谱、直穿X光通量能谱和散射X光通量能谱在记录平面的空间分布。结果表明：后锥是照射量散射成分的主要来源，后锥照射量占总散射量97%；后锥也是造成散射的空间分布不均匀的主要器件，这一不均匀性高达58%。照相系统的最小直散比非常小，表明锥造成的散射已经严重地淹没了直穿（轫致辐射）信号。计算中使用高空间分辨率记录法进行分点，合成图像对吸收系数的复原结果与国外报道的结果相符。     

常见客体分子对笼型水合物晶格常数的影响

Natural gas hydrates are considered as ideal alternative energy resources for the future, and the relevant basic and applied research has become more attractive in recent years. The influence of guest molecules on the hydrate crystal lattice parameters is of great significances to the understanding of hydrate structural characteristics, hydrate formation/decomposition mechanisms, and phase stability behaviors. In this study, we test a series of artificial hydrate samples containing different guest molecules (e.g. methane, ethane, propane, iso-butane, carbon dioxide, tetrahydrofuran, methane + 2, 2-dimethylbutane, and methane + methyl cyclohexane) by a low-temperature powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Results show that PXRD effectively elucidates structural characteristics of the natural gas hydrate samples, including crystal lattice parameters and structure types. The relationships between guest molecule sizes and crystal lattice parameters reveal that different guest molecules have different controlling behaviors on the hydrate types and crystal lattice constants. First, a positive correlation between the lattice constants and the van der Waals diameters of homologous hydrocarbon gases was observed in the single-guest-component hydrates. Small hydrocarbon homologous gases, such as methane and ethane, tended to form sI hydrates, whereas relatively larger molecules, such as propane and iso-butane, generated sⅡ hydrates. The hydrate crystal lattice constants increased with increasing guest molecule size. The types of hydrates composed of oxygen-containing guest molecules (such as CO₂ and THF) were also controlled by the van der Waals diameters. However, no positive correlation between the lattice constants and the van der Waals diameters of guest molecules in hydrocarbon hydrates was observed for CO₂ hydrate and THF hydrate, probably due to the special interactions between the guest oxygen atoms and hydrate "cages". Furthermore, the influences of the macromolecules and auxiliary small molecules on the lengths of the different crystal axes of the sH hydrates showed inverse trends. Compared to the methane + 2, 2-dimethylbutane hydrate sample, the length of the a-axis direction of the methane + methyl cyclohexane hydrate sample was slightly smaller, whereas the length of the c-axis direction was slightly longer. The crystal a-axis length of the sH hydrate sample formed with nitrogen molecules was slightly longer, whereas the c-axis was shorter than that of the methane + 2, 2-dimethylbutane hydrate sample at the same temperature.     

多种优化试剂显现潮湿纸张表面潜在手印的比较研究

复杂条件下潜在手印的发现及显现提取一直以来是刑事技术领域研究的热点和难点,尤其是潮湿或水中浸泡客体表面的潜在手印,往往因为环境条件的影响而无法使用常规的显现方法。因此,对于这类疑难条件下潜在手印的显现研究成为亟待解决的问题。本文分别对比了尼罗红、尼罗蓝、物理显影液三种可用于潮湿客体表面潜在手印显现的优化试剂,并对其可靠性、灵敏度及使用条件进行了详细的论证分析,为实战工作中疑难条件下潜在手印的显现提出了可靠的处理方法。     

试探《物理学》的美学原理

本文通俗地描述物理学中所包含的美学原理．使工科师生也能从非功利的视角来认识物理学的博大精深．