绝代数学天才伽罗华

1832年5月30日晨，在巴黎的葛拉塞尔湖附近躺着一个昏迷的年轻人，过路的农民从枪伤判断他是因为爱情与人决斗后受了重伤，就把这个不知名的青年抬到医院．第二天早晨十点钟，     

Characteristic Numbers of Matrix Lie Algebras

A notion of characteristic number of matrix Lie algebras is defined, which is devoted to distinguishing various Lie algebras that are used to generate integrable couplings of soliton equations. That is, the exact classification of the matrix Lie algebras by using computational formulas is given. Here the characteristic numbers also describe the relations between soliton solutions of the stationary zero curvature equations expressed by various Lie algebras.     

Von Neumann Regularity and Quadratic Conorms in JB^＊-triples and C^＊-algebras

We revise the notion of von Neumann regularity in JB^＊-triples by finding a new characterisation in terms of the range of the quadratic operator Q（a）. We introduce the quadratic conorm of an element a in a JB^＊-triple as the minimum reduced modulus of the mapping Q（a）. It is shown that the quadratic conorm of a coincides with the infimum of the squares of the points in the triple spectrum of a. It is established that a contractive bijection between JBW^＊-triples is a triple isomorphism if, and only if, it preserves quadratic conorms. The continuity of the quadratic conorm and the generalized inverse are discussed. Some applications to C^＊-algebras and von Neumann algebras are also studied.     

映射思想的应用

映射是近代数学的一个基本概念，它反映着集合间元素的对应关系，虽然教学大纲只要求从直观上了解映射概念，但还是应该清楚以下几点：     

Self-dual weak Hopf algebras

In this paper, we define the notion of self-dual graded weak Hopf algebra and self-dual semilattice graded weak Hopf algebra. We give characterization of finite-dimensional such algebras when they are in structually simple forms in the sense of E. L. Green and E. N. Morcos. We also give the definition of self-dual weak Hopf quiver and apply these types of quivers to classify the finite- dimensional self-dual semilattice graded weak Hopf algebras. Finally, we prove partially the conjecture given by N. Andruskiewitsch and H.-J. Schneider in the case of finite-dimensional pointed semilattice graded weak Hopf algebra H when grH is self-dual.     

竞赛中的方程

方程是初等代数学的主要内容，也是数学竞赛的命题热点．方程与函数常常联系在一起，求函数的零点其实就是解方程．在求解方程问题时，常常要用到如下结论．     

矩阵环中的一类极大的广义的Armendariz子环

An associative ring with identity R is called Armendariz if, whenever （∑^m i=0^aix^i）（∑^n j=0^bjx^j）=0 in R[x],aibj=0 for all i and j. An associative ring with identity is called reduced if it has no non-zero nilpotent elements. In this paper, we define a general reduced ring （with or without identity） and a general Armendariz ring （with or without identity）, and identify a class of maximal general Armendariz subrings of matrix rings over general reduced rings.     

空间基向量在立体几何中的运用

向量在近代数学的众多领域中都有广泛的应用,特别是二维、三维的向量,它们既有代数的表现形式,可以进行代数运算,又有直观的几何意义,可以用有向线段表示,因而已成为研究中学几何问题的有效工具．在新课程的选修2-1中,将空间向量引入立体几何的教学,对传统的立体几何教学以及课程结构产生了很大的影响．     

Group of Self-Equivalences of Sum Object

In general category, the group of self-equivalences of sum object can decompose as the product of its two subgroups under certain conditions and also several split short exact sequences are obtained. Subsequently, we apply the above results to the category of space under a space and get some results which are dual to those in fibrewise category.     

On Two Theorems of Finite Solvable Groups

For a finite group G, let T（G） denote a set of primes such that a prime p belongs to T（G） if and only if p is a divisor of the index of some maximal subgroup of G. It is proved that if G satisfies any one of the following conditions： （1） G has a p-complement for each p∈T（G）; （2）│T（G）│= 2： （3） the normalizer of a Sylow p-subgroup of G has prime power index for each odd prime p∈T（G）; then G either is solvable or G/Sol（G）≌PSL（2, 7） where Sol（G） is the largest solvable normal subgroup of G.