《气体物理》简介

《气体物理》由中国航天科技集团有限公司主管、中国航天空气动力技术研究院(主要主办单位)、中国宇航学会、中国宇航出版有限责任公司共同主办.国内统一连续出版物号为CN 10-1384/03,中文,双月刊,大16开.逢单月(一月、三月、五月、七月、九月、十一月)出版,每年6期,每期64页.     

带滩槽地形的连续弯道中纵向流速横向分布解析

本文基于沿水深积分的动量方程,假定二次流项和弯道附加应力项沿横断面呈线性分布,提出了预测弯道垂线平均纵向流速的解析计算方法,进一步提出了河槽区和河滩区垂线平均纵向流速沿断面分布的求解模式,并将其应用于带滩槽地形的反向连续弯道水槽中. 根据实测数据率定计算参数,该模式可计算不同出口水深条件下断面垂线平均纵向流速分布,计算结果与实测数据吻合良好.分析了线性分布假设中参数随水深变化的取值规律和沿横断面分布特点,并对参数进行了敏感性分析,分析表明线性假设中一次项系数分区位置对流速峰值的大小和位置影响较大,常数项根据地形横比降变化进行分区取值,流速计算值对常数项在水平段和斜坡段分区位置较为敏感,并根据参数的敏感度提出了参数沿水槽的均值作为参考值.讨论了动量方程中二次流项和弯道附加应力项沿弯道的横向分布规律,进一步认识线性假设的适用范围,结果表明线性假设在本文试验水槽中适用于弯道沿程.研究成果有助于认识带滩槽地形的连续弯道纵向流速分布特征及其形成机制.      

基于NiCo2O4纳米片电极的非对称混合电容器

The looming global energy crisis and ever-increasing energy demands have catalyzed the development of renewable energy storage systems. In this regard, supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted widespread attention because of their advantageous attributes such as high power density, excellent cycle stability, and environmental friendliness. However, SCs exhibit low energy density and it is important to optimize electrode materials to improve the overall performance of these devices. Among the various electrode materials available, spinel nickel cobaltate (NiCo₂O₄) is particularly interesting because of its excellent theoretical capacitance. Based on the understanding that the performances of the electrode materials strongly depend on their morphologies and structures, in this study, we successfully synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets on Ni foam via a simple hydrothermal route followed by calcination. The structures and morphologies of the as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and the results showed that they were uniformly distributed on the Ni foam support. The surface chemical states of the elements in the samples were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ products were then tested as cathode materials for supercapacitors in a traditional three-electrode system. The electrochemical performances of the NiCo₂O₄ electrode materials were studied and the area capacitance was found to be 1.26 C·cm^-2 at a current density of 1 mA·cm^-2. Furthermore, outstanding cycling stability with 97.6% retention of the initial discharge capacitance after 10000 cycles and excellent rate performance (67.5% capacitance retention with the current density from 1 to 14 mA·cm^-2) were achieved. It was found that the Ni foam supporting the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets increased the conductivity of the electrode materials. However, it is worth noting that the contribution of nickel foam to the areal capacitance of the electrode materials was almost zero during the charge and discharge processes. To further investigate the practical application of the as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets-based electrode, a device was assembled with the as-prepared samples as the positive electrode and active carbon (AC) as the negative electrode. The assembled supercapacitor showed energy densities of 0.14 and 0.09 Wh·cm^-3 at 1.56 and 4.5 W·cm^-3, respectively. Furthermore, it was able to maintain 95% of its initial specific capacitance after 10000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets could be ascribed to their unique spatial structure composed of interconnected ultrathin nanosheets, which facilitated electron transportation and ion penetration, suggesting their potential applications as electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors. The present synthetic route can be extended to other ternary transition metal oxides/sulfides for future energy storage devices and systems.     

参数广义弱向量拟平衡问题解映射的H-连续性刻画

研究了Hausdorff拓扑向量空间中的一类参数广义弱向量拟平衡问题(PGWVQEP)的稳定性.首先，给出了此问题的参数间隙函数，研究了参数间隙函数的连续性.然后, 提出了一个与参数间隙函数相关的关键假设，讨论了它的连续性，并给出关键假设的等价刻画.最后， 借助于假设，获得了PGWVQEP解映射Hausdorff半连续的充分必要条件.并举例验证了所得结果.     

Holling-Ⅲ型食饵捕食系统的四个正周期解

通过使用一般连续理论和微分不等式技巧,研究带有收获项的Holling-Ⅲ型食饵捕食系统的动态特征,并获得带有收获项的Holling-Ⅲ型食饵捕食系统存在四个正周期解的充分条件.     

Ostrowski-Taussky不等式的推广

行列式的概念是矩阵分析中的一个很基本的概念,其中一个非常重要的应用就是解线性方程组.由于行列式的概念是和矩阵特征值紧密相关的,研究行列式的一些性质可以从侧面反映出该矩阵特征值的一些性质.Ostrowski-Taussky不等式是一个关于行列式的不等式,利用矩阵极分解的概念,给出了不等式的一个新的证明,并且推广了不等式.     

冷冻法硝酸磷肥工艺中酸不溶物提纯研究

采用酸浸、磁选酸浸、水淬/研磨酸浸等不同工艺对冷冻法硝酸磷肥生产工艺中的废渣-酸不溶物进行了提纯处理,利用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF测试)对酸不溶物提纯前后各成分含量的变化进行了分析,从中得出了不同工艺流程对酸不溶物纯度的影响,最终确定了最佳的酸不溶物处理工艺.结果表明:在酸浸实验中,盐酸酸浸效果最佳,可将酸不溶物中SiO2纯度达到82.43;;在酸浸工艺前加入磁选、水淬、研磨的工序均可有效提升酸不溶物的提纯效果;冷冻法硝酸磷肥工艺中酸不溶物最佳的提纯工艺路线为:干燥、筛分、水洗、磁选、研磨、盐酸酸浸,处理后酸不溶物中SiO2纯度达到88.92;,符合微硅粉的生产要求.