Existence of a solution for two phase flow in porous media: The case that the porosity depends on the pressure

In this paper we prove the existence of a solution of a coupled system involving a two phase incompressible flow in the ground and the mechanical deformation of the porous medium where the porosity is a function of the global pressure. The model is strongly coupled and involves a nonlinear degenerate parabolic equation. In order to show the existence of a weak solution, we consider a sequence of related uniformly parabolic problems and apply the Schauder fixed point theorem to show that they possess a classical solution. We then prove the relative compactness of sequences of solutions by means of the Fréchet-Kolmogorov theorem; this yields the convergence of a subsequence to a weak solution of the parabolic system.     

Subsidence above volumetric and waterdrive gas reservoirs

A fully coupled consolidation model has been developed for the simulation of the surface subsidence above gas reservoirs. The model is based on the Biot Theory and the material balance equation for hydrocarbon reservoirs. The model is extremely versatile and can handle such complex situations as vertical cross-sections where several gas reservoirs and aquifers are exploited at different levels. Computer runs were used to generate several reservoir formation profiles and the surface subsidence bowl for a variety of conditions. These results indicate the importance of various parameters which are disregarded in proelasticity models.     

三峡库区奉节县三马山移民小区岩体的变形及其机制

三马山小区巴东组三段泥质灰岩由于岩溶溶蚀作用已全部发生了变形 ,根据变形程度的差别 ,可将变形区分为三个地带 ,即上部轻度溶蚀沉降地带 (Ⅰ ) ,中部溶蚀沉降地带 (Ⅱ )和下部沿江滑坡 (Ⅲ )。建筑设施主要分布在中部溶蚀沉降地带 ,应注意防水。下部沿江滑坡治理难度大 ,不适于移民迁建。     

地质灾害图形图象分析系统在天津地面沉降分析中的应用

地质灾害的分布和发生发展过程具有空间特性, 其影响因素具有自身的特点和复杂性。作者开发的地质灾害图象分析系统(GHMIAS)是以典型地质灾害为主要对象、以空间信息管理和分析为主要功能的应用性地理信息系统, 该系统有独特的空间分析模型扩充, 融矢量、栅格和Windows图形用户对象为一体, 支持多种数据格式相互转换, 具有丰富的制图功能和高质量的制图输出, 可以快速生成灾害专题图件。     

CO2 will probably not help to save Venice from the sea

It has been proposed to rise Venice by injecting CO₂ into an aquifer lying 600–800 m below its lagoon. It is shown that because of the prevailing ambient conditions in the aquifer phase change of CO₂ cannot be avoided. The ensuing change of specific volume and compressibility will inhibit a uniform uplift pattern which is needed to avoid cracks in historical buildings. Further, both liquid and gaseous CO₂ produce capillary effects at the contact surface with water in the voids of the reservoir rock and this affects its mechanical response. Hence further non homogeneity in the uplift pattern will be produced. This prevents the use of CO₂ in the proposed conditions.     

强夯处理红粘土沉降试验研究

红粘土作为高填方体的底层地基,处理其沉降和不均匀性沉降是高填方工程研究的重点。以某机场红粘土高填地基的处理为例,通过沉降分析和方案比选开展强夯处理试验研究。根据场区内不同覆土厚度,采用不同能级进行强夯处理试验确定了合理的施工工艺和参数。通过施工中沉降观测,施工后地基土的物理力学指标试验、载荷试验和工后沉降观测,强夯处理取得了良好的效果,满足设计要求。指导大面积施工时,在质量、造价、工期上都取得了成功。     

Improved solution of displacements due to a compacting reservoir over a rigid basement

Geertsma’s analytical method is often used to compute strain and stress changes around a compacting geological reservoir. The present work extends Geertsma’s solution by adding a rigid layer beneath the compacting reservoir. Analytical formulae are presented for all the components of displacement of a point in the subsurface. Our derivation includes the correction of an error found in the paper written by Sharma in 1956.     

模糊数学在预测溶解法采盐地面下沉中的应用

通过建立某一地面下沉值与影响下沉的诸因素间的模糊关系方程,找出各指标间的模糊关系并进行求解;然后将要预计的厚覆盖岩层采区地面下沉值的各有关影响因素指标之实测值,通过实际求得的模糊关系作模糊变换,从而可得出采区下沉的最佳预测值。通过工程实例分析对比结果表明,理论分析结果与实测资料吻合。     

盐岩储库区地面沉降预测与控制研究现状与展望

利用盐岩地层建设地下油气储库群已成为各国发展能源储备的重要方向,然而关于储库区地面沉降的研究至今仍处于探索阶段。由于地面沉降所造成的重大事故屡见不鲜,因此有必要集中力量研究盐岩库区地面沉降问题,为我国盐岩储库群的建设提供可靠的理论依据。本文主要从以下3个方面总结了近几十年来国内外学者在盐岩储库区地面沉降预测方面所做出的努力与成绩： （1）现场监测——法国、德国、美国先后建立了现场监测网络,获得了大量的长期监测数据;  （2）理论计算——我国学者于20世纪90年代末将随机介质理论引入到盐矿水溶开采地面沉降预测中,从而为储库区地面沉降预测提供了新的理论基础;  （3）数值模拟——欧洲学者利用FLAC2D 程序对盐岩储库区的地面稳定性进行了数值模拟,而我国学者则利用在新概率积分法的基础上建立起的预测模型成功进行了沉降预测模拟。此外,为了有效地控制库区地面变形,预留矿柱式水溶开采法在国外众多盐岩地下储库群建设中得以广泛应用。本文最后提出在后续研究中将重点着眼于地表变形随时间的发展过程,并对现有理论模型进行适当的修正以及利用现场实测数据进一步完善预测所需参数的选取方法,从而使预测结果更为准确可靠。     

新疆克孜尔水库F2活断层活动特征分析 *

摘 要 新疆克孜尔水库区内F2活断层的活动规律对水库的安全性有重要影响,对F2断层短水准长序列的观测分析表明：F2断层下盘近40年来持续发生着由南向北的地倾运动。这既影响了短水准高差计算结果,也影响了位错模型水平扭动量和滑动角两个用于评价断层活动性的参数的计算结果,从而使F2断层活动性评价失去客观性。本文通过第1形变监测站人工短水准前尺读数长序列走势分析获得F2活断层下盘测线方向上12米处地倾活动的年变速率（1979-2006）为0.224mm/a,根据库区F2活断层两侧地表沉降速率等值线图确定、验证第1形变监测站上、下盘测线方向上地倾活动年变速率（1991-2002）分别是0.03mm/a、0.07mm/a。对水平扭动量和滑动角的计算和分析表明：F2活断层近10余年来的活动虽与水库蓄水、库水沿活断层下渗、河流改道及地壳运动关系密切,但尚无法认定其活动正在或已经加剧。