不可压粘性流体浸入边界直接力法及软件实现

浸入边界法通过在N-S方程中施加体积力模拟不可滑移固壁边界及动边界，避免生成复杂贴体网格及动网格，极大地节省了网格建模时间及动网格计算消耗。本文提出一种新型附加体积力简化计算方法，将简化附加体积力以源项形式嵌入动量方程迭代中，通过用户自定义函数对CFD软件FLUENT二次开发，实现了浸入边界法和通用流体力学求解器的耦合计算。通过静止圆柱和动圆柱绕流数值模拟进行了验证，并探讨了插值函数对计算精度的影响。研究表明，通过引入浸入边界模型，能够提高计算效率，并实现结构网格背景下复杂边界和动边界的高效建模。     

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将等离子体作为磁流体,考虑其流体属性和电磁属性,介绍了利用FLUENT软件包并将其进行二次开发,解算电磁场方程、质量连续性方程、动量守恒方程、以及能量守恒方程的数值模拟方法,得到了以磁矢势为表达形式的电磁场分布、温度分布和速度分布.数值模拟了粉末球化所用的感应耦合等离子体炬电磁场分布、温度分布、速度分布.分析了温度分布、速度分布产生的物理原因,为感应耦合等离子体炬球化粉末颗粒提供理论性指导.     

一种新型光纤Bragg光栅流量传感器的仿真与实验研究

为了克服传统单个光纤布喇格光栅传感器对温度交叉敏感的问题,设计制作了一种基于双光纤布喇格光栅的以阻流件和弹性体为换能元件的流量传感器.该流量传感器采用弹性伞状结构体作为流量传感器的换能元件,用硅胶树脂封装双光纤光栅的弹性伞状结构体,起到了温度补偿的作用且提高了应变测量灵敏度.用有限元优化传感器结构,在1~20m/s的流速下利用ANSYS对传感器结构和传感器周围的流体场进行模拟分析,并计算了传感器的灵敏度,实验证明了硅胶树脂作为封装材料的优越性.进行了砝码干校法模拟实验,完成传感器封装前后的性能测试,通过提取该传感器的反射谱信号特征值,得到封装前后传感器的载荷响应灵敏度分别为:1.71nm/kg,0.103nm/kg.表明该流量传感器结构简单、安装方便、具有较好的线性度和灵敏度.     

易贡滑坡堰塞湖溃坝洪水分析

滑坡堰塞坝体主要由块石、碎石土等松散材料组成,随着上游水位的不断上升,极易失稳,一旦决口将对给下游人民的生命财产安全造成极大的威胁。因此,研究堰塞坝溃坝问题具有重要的学术意义和应用价值。2000 年 4 月 9 日,西藏林芝地区波密县易贡藏布河扎木弄沟发生大规模山体滑坡堵塞易贡藏布江,形成坝高60m,长约2500m,库容可达288×108m3,体积约28×108～30×108m3的滑坡堰塞湖, 2000年6月10日堰塞坝溃决。本文以易贡堰塞湖溃坝为例,从连续性方程及Navier Stokes方程出发,结合标准型湍流模型,并采用VOF方法进行自由面处理,基于流体计算软件Fluent模拟分析了溃坝洪水在下游弯曲河道的演进过程及不同位置的流速变化。数值模拟结果与实测资料记录基本一致,表明该模型能够模拟溃坝洪水在地形复杂弯曲河道中的演进过程。     

Effect of Strong External Turbulence on a Wall Jet Boundary Layer

The initial stage of the development of a wall jet under the influence of strong external turbulence has been studied in a novel shear-flow mixing-box experiment. A fully developed channel flow of depth h (40 mm) enters along the top wall of a cuboidal box of height 11 h in which a combination of oscillatory and turbulent velocity fluctuations are generated by a vertical oscillating grid at the midplane 5 h below the wall. When the ratio of the rms grid-generated velocity fluctuations, , to the local mean velocity inside the wall jet layer, u, is greater than about 0.1, significant changes are observed in the mean shear profile and in the eddy structure of the wall jet. The wall jet thickness increases by approximately 25% but the maximum velocity decreases by less than 10% compared to the case without the external turbulence. Fluctuations of the streamwise velocity component increase as expected in the outer part of the wall jet, but the most significant result is the increase by 70% of the fluctuations in the boundary layer close to the wall. CFD simulations using the k-ɛ RNG of the FLUENT CFD Code do not properly model the effect of the large scale external turbulence in this experiment. However, an artificial method, which introduces a series of small inlet/outlet jets to represent external turbulence, approximately simulates the overall effects of the oscillating grid on the wall jet, but does not simulate the amplification of the near wall turbulence. F. T. M. Nieuwstadt: Rest in peace (1946–2005).     

湖库双线型密度分布下选择性取水泄出层厚度理论推导及CFD模拟验证

泄出层厚度是湖库选择性取水应用的重要参数之一。本文针对在线形密度下泄出层厚度理论存在应用范围较窄的问题,通过建立以取水口为中心的球坐标体系和伯努利方程,理论推导了在实际更为普遍的双线型密度分布下选择性出流泄出层厚度计算表达式。建立了金盆水库取水构筑物的CFD模型,利用实测水库纵向密度分布模拟了水库在双线型密度分布下的泄出层厚度。将结果与理论计算结果相比较,在距离取水口20m后形成稳定泄出层时两者一致,在20m之内具有相同的变化趋势。与单线型下的泄出层厚度表达式相比,双线型密度分布下的泄出层厚度表达式具有更为广泛的应用范围。     

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根据聚变-裂变混合堆概念堆型的燃料区水冷设计,通过FLUENT建模和模拟计算,比较了均匀流量和按燃料单元发热量比例分配流量两种冷却剂布置方案。数值计算结果表明,这两种布置方案中燃料单元之间的导热很小,除燃料单元1中冷却管道外,其余的冷却管道带走的热量几乎等于相应燃料单元的发热量,在用系统分析程序等效建模时,不必重新确定冷却管道的热构件;对后一种布置方案燃料区的最高温度更低,温度分布更均匀,但温度展平效果并不明显。计算了堆外自然循环系统在假设的失水事故(LOCA)中的导热能力。结果表明,如果不采用自然循环系统,停堆后520s发生堆芯熔化;但是如果采用自然循环系统,停堆后1000s,燃料区的最高温度只达到584.4°C,不会发生堆芯熔化。     

平板式阳极支撑SOFC多场耦合数值模拟

建立了平板式固体氧化物燃料电池多场耦合数学模型,利用商业CFD软件FLUENT对包括阳极和阴极多孔介质、致密固体氧化物电解质、燃料流道、氧化剂流道、电流收集双极板、外壳的单电池三维整体计算区域进行了数值模拟,得到了流场、温度场、组分浓度场、电流密度场、Nernst电动势、活化过电势和欧姆过电势等重要物理量的详细分布,并分析了影响电池性能的主要因素。模拟结果与SOFC研制单位提供的实验数据基本符合。     

磁控直流等离子体炬的磁流体动力学模型与仿真

以沉积金刚石膜的磁控直流等离子体炬为研究对象,在经典N-S流动方程和能量方程中引入多项源项(包括因外磁场和内部自感应磁场引起的洛伦兹力、辐射冷却、焦耳生热等),并结合组分质量守恒、广义欧姆定律及麦克斯韦方程组,建立了炬内等离子体的磁流体动力学(MHD)模型。利用二次开发后的FLUENT软件对所建MHD模型进行了仿真,得出了在有外磁场与无外磁场两种情形下,炬内及炬出口的温度和速度分布曲线。仿真结果证实,施加外磁场后,温度和速度的均匀性都得到了改善,有利于金刚石膜的沉积。     

Optimal arrangement of structural and functional parts in a flat plate integrated collector storage solar water heater (ICSSWH)

Parameters that affect the efficiency of a flat plate integrated collector storage solar water heater (ICSSWH) are examined experimentally and numerically. This specific ICSSWH contains water that is not refreshed. The service water is heated indirectly through an immersed heat exchanger (HE) in contact with the front and back major surfaces. A forced convection mechanism consisting of a pump that brings the storage water into motion by recirculation is used for heat transfer intensification. The two major (front and back) flat plate surfaces need to be well interconnected so that they are not deformed by the weight of the contained water and the exerted high-pressure. Two main factors that influence the performance are optimized: the position and size of the recirculation ports and the arrangement and size of the interconnecting fins. Both factors are explored to maximize the velocity flow field of the recirculated storage water. Consequently, the heat transfer rate between the two water circuits is maintained at high levels. Various 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are developed using the FLUENT package. An experimental model, made by Plexiglas, is used for the visualization of the flow field. Flow velocities are measured using a laser doppler velocimetry (LDV) system. The optimal arrangement increases the mean storage water velocity by 65% and raises the outlet temperatures up to 8 °C.