Quantification of myo‐inositol, 1,5‐anhydro‐ D‐sorbitol,and D‐chiro‐inositol using high‐performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection in very small volume clinical samples

Inositol is a six‐carbon sugar alcohol and is one of nine biologically significant isomers of hexahydroxycyclohexane. Myo‐inositol is the primary biologically active form and is present in higher concentrations in the fetus and newborn than in adults. It is currently being examined for the prevention of retinopathy of prematurity in newborn preterm infants. A robust method for quantifying myo‐inositol (MI), D ‐chiro‐inositol (DCI) and 1,5‐anhydro‐ D ‐sorbitol (ADS) in very small‐volume (25 μL) urine, blood serum and/or plasma samples was developed. Using a multiple‐column, multiple mobile phase liquid chromatographic system with electrochemical detection, the method was validated with respect to (a) selectivity, (b) accuracy/recovery, (c) precision/reproducibility, (d) sensitivity, (e) stability and (f) ruggedness. The standard curve was linear and ranged from 0.5 to 30 mg/L for each of the three analytes. Above‐mentioned performance measures were within acceptable limits described in the Food and Drug Administration's Guidance for Industry: Bioanalytical Method Validation. The method was validated using blood serum and plasma collected using four common anticoagulants, and also by quantifying the accuracy and sensitivity of MI measured in simulated urine samples recovered from preterm infant diaper systems. The method performs satisfactorily measuring the three most common inositol isomers on 25 μL clinical samples of serum, plasma, milk, and/or urine. Similar performance is seen testing larger volume samples of infant formulas and infant formula ingredients. MI, ADS and DCI may be accurately tested in urine samples collected from five different preterm infant diapers if the urine volume is greater than 2–5 mL. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Ru-B/SiO2非晶态催化剂应用于液相葡萄糖加氢制山梨醇

 采用浸渍法结合KBH4还原法制备了Ru-B/SiO2非晶态催化剂(3.14%Ru),并将其用于液相葡萄糖加氢制山梨醇反应. 结果表明,该催化剂具有良好的热稳定性,且其催化活性远高于Raney Ni和Ni-B/SiO2非晶态催化剂,山梨醇的选择性接近于100%,显示出良好的工业化应用前景. 通过与晶态Ru-B/SiO2及Ru/SiO2的催化活性进行比较,并结合ICP,XRD,DSC,SEM,XPS及氢吸附等表征结果,初步讨论了非晶态合金结构和表面电子态对催化剂活性的促进作用.     

大型液相色谱分离过程FAD－SMT数学模型及其数值解

提出大型液相色谱分离过程ＦＡＤ－ＳＭＴ数学模型，把色谱分离连续性方程转变为对流扩散方程和常微分方程组，并提出模型的数值方法，分析了数值解的稳定条件和收敛条件以及空间和时间步长的选取。实验结果表明，ＦＡＤ－ＳＭＴ数学模型计算的液相色谱分离葡萄糖、果糖和分离甘露醇、山梨醇理论与实验流出曲线相吻合。灵敏度分析结果表明：相平衡常数比轴向扩散系数和总传质系数对色谱分离有较大的影响。     

Osmotic and activity coefficients of sodium chloride-sorbitol and potassium chloride-sorbitol solutions at 25°C

Osmotic and activity coefficients are reported for sorbitol over the range 1.8–11.1m with NaCl as the reference and 1.8–7.6m with KCl as the reference electrolyte. The osmotic coefficients over the range 0–3.7m are identical with those reported earlier by Robinson. It was found that the activity coefficients of sorbitol are uniformly about four percent lower than those of dextrose. Activity coefficients of trace quantities of NaCl in concentrated sorbitol solutions are about one-half of their value in pure NaCl solutions while the activity coefficients of trace quantities of sorbitol in concentrated NaCl solutions are about one-third of their value in pure sorbitol solutions. Potassium chloride lowers the activity coefficient of sorbitol less than does sodium chloride in solutions of similar water activity. Sorbitol lowers the activity coefficients of potassium chloride in concentrated solution but actually elevates them in dilute solutions.     

高效液相色谱法测定木奈果中的山梨醇和糖类

用高效液相色谱外标法测定了木奈果中的可溶性糖和山梨醇 ,采用 μ Spherogelcarbohydrate柱和示差折光检测器 ,以水为流动相 ,柱温 85℃。相关系数在 0 970 9以上 ,加标回收率为 75 0 0 %～ 88 37%。测定结果表明 ,可溶性糖在果肉中的累积依果肉不同的生长发育阶段有特征性的变化。     

Comparison of Nucleation Effects of Organic Phosphorous and Sorbitol Derivative Nucleating Agents in Isotactic Polypropylene

Organic phosphorous and sorbitol derivatives are two types of very effective nucleating agents for isotactic polypropylene (iPP). The effects of two kinds of organic phosphorous nucleating agents, Irgastab NA-11 and ADK NA-21, and two kinds of sorbitol derivatives, Irgaclear DM and Millad 3988, on mechanical properties and crystallization behaviors of iPP are compared in this paper. The organic phosphorous nucleating agents had better effects on mechanical properties of iPP than sorbitol derivatives, whereas the latter had better effects on transparency of iPP than the former. At the same time, the organic phosphorous nucleating agents and sorbitol derivatives had similar effects on the crystallization peak temperature (Tc) of iPP. When the concentration of nucleating agents was 0.2 wt%, compared to those of virgin iPP, the tensile strength and flexural modulus of iPP nucleated with Irgastab NA-11 and ADK NA-21 were increased by 19.35% and 17.67%, and 29.48% and 24.84%, and the haze value was decreased by 43.58% and 44.01%, respectively. On the other hand, the tensile strength and flexural modulus of iPP nucleated with Irgaclear DM and Millad 3988 were increased by 7.03% and 7.46%, and 7.20% and 11.96%, and the haze value was decreased by 51.03% and 52.23%, respectively. When the cooling rate was 10°C /min, the Tc of iPP nucleated with these four nucleating agents was increased from 118.74°C of virgin iPP to about 130°C. Meanwhile, the morphology study showed that addition of both organic phosphorous and sorbitol derivative type nucleating agents could decrease the spherulite size of iPP significantly and that sorbitol derivatives have greater effects.     

微波消解—原子荧光光谱法定量测定山梨糖醇液中的砷

应用微波消解技术和原子荧光光谱仪以氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定了山梨糖醇液中砷的研究。对微波消解条件以及氢化物发生条件进行了探讨。在选定的最佳条件下方法的检出限为0．22ng/mL,线性范围为0－80ng/mL。10次测定的相对标准偏差为0．49％－2．16％,回收率为94．8％－102．2％。该结果与国际推荐的湿法消解分析结果相对照,无显著性差异。     

官能化碳纳米管负载Ru催化山梨醇氢解制备低碳二元醇

以不同官能化碳纳米管(原始MCN、氨基化AMCN和石墨化GMCN等)作为载体,通过浸渍法制备了Ru/CNTs催化剂,并应用于山梨醇氢解制1,2-丙二醇和乙二醇反应中。利用XRD、HRTEM、XPS和ICP-AES等方法对催化剂进行了表征,考察了官能团性质、碱助剂等因素对山梨醇氢解性能的影响。结果表明,与Ru/MCN或Ru/GMCN相比较,Ru/AMCN催化剂对山梨醇氢解有更高的活性,在205℃、5.0 MPa氢压条件下,以Ca(OH)₂为添加剂,山梨醇的转化率可达99.5%,1,2-丙二醇(1,2-PD)和乙二醇(EG)的总产率为47.7%。催化剂重复利用五次,催化活性无明显下降。     

Carbon nanoparticles as effective nucleating agents for polypropylene

The effect of four nucleating agents on the crystallization of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. The nucleating agents are: carbon nanofibers (CNF), carbon nanotubes (CNT), lithium benzoate and dimethyl-benzylidene sorbitol. Avrami?s model is used to analyze the isothermal crystallization kinetics of iPP. Based on the increase in crystallization temperature (T _c) and the decrease in half-life time (τ_½) for crystallization, the most efficient nucleating agents are the CNF and CNT, at concentrations as low as 0.001 mass%. Sorbitol and lithium benzoate show to be less efficient, while the sorbitol needs to be present at concentrations above 0.05 mass% to even act as nucleating agent.