超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法定性筛查保健食品中西地那非及其相关功效类非法添加化合物

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）定性筛查102种西地那非及其相关功效化合物的方法。甲醇超声提取样品;采用Agilent Poroshell 120 SB-C18色谱柱（75 mm×3.0 mm,2.7 μm）,以0.1%（v/v）甲酸水溶液-乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱,流速0.4 mL/min;采用电喷雾离子（ESI）源,Q-TOF-MS作检测器,正离子模式检测;与对照品保留时间、母离子及碎片离子精确相对分子质量、元素组成比对,准确定性。西地那非等100种化合物在10种基质中的检出限为0.1~50 mg/kg或0.1~50 mg/L。并分类归纳了文中涉及的98种磷酸二酯酶5抑制剂质谱碎片裂解规律,为可疑物的识别和鉴定提供参考。该方法已应用于实际样品的测定,检出19种化合物,有效打击了非法添加行为。     

Development and validation of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometric method for the determination of sildenafil and desmethyl-sildenafil in whole blood

Sildenafil (SDL) is a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor and it is approved for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. SDL is extensively metabolized to its pharmacologically active metabolite, desmethyl‐sildenafil (DSDL). A sensitive and specific GC/MS method for the determination of SDL and DSDL in whole blood was developed and validated to support therapeutic drug monitoring of SDL patients. The combination of solid‐phase extraction with derivatization using BSTFA with 1% TMCS in acetonitrile efficiently reduced matrix effect and improved sensitivity of the method. In this assay, protriptyline was used as internal standard for both analytes. The LODs were 1.50 and 5.00 ng/mL for SDL and DSDL, respectively, whereas the respective LOQs were 5.00 and 15.0 ng/mL. The calibration curves were linear up to 500.0 ng/mL (SDL: R² 0.992, DSDL: R² 0.990). Absolute recovery values for both analytes ranged from 83.1 to 93.2%. Within‐ and between‐batch accuracy was less than 11.8 and 10.2%, respectively, whereas within‐ and between‐batch precision was less than 8.1 and 10.8%, correspondingly. The developed method is suitable for the determination of SDL and DSDL concentrations in blood samples obtained from patients under Viagra^® treatment, for pharmacokinetic studies or for the investigation of related forensic cases.     

光度法测定枸橼酸西地那非及尿中西地那非的含量

枸橼酸西地那非(Sildenafil citrate)商品名为万艾可(Viagra)，是治疗男性性功能障碍药。目前测定西地那非含量的方法主要是HPLC，操作繁琐，仪器昂贵。本文在pH2．5-4．7的酸性介质中，发现乙基曙红(EE)与西地那非(SD)反应后，生成红色离子缔合物，其最大显色波长和最大褪色波长分别为550nm和520nm，表观摩尔吸光     

Multifunctional Isosteric Pyridine Analogs-Based 2-Aminothiazole: Design,Synthesis, and Potential Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitory Activity

The elaboration of new small molecules that target phosphodiesterase enzymes (PDEs), especially those of type 5 (PDE5), is an interesting and emerging topic nowadays. A new series of heterocycle-based aminothiazoles were designed and synthesized from the key intermediate, 3-oxo-N-(thiazol-2-yl)butanamide (a PDE5 inhibitor that retains its amidic function), as an essential pharmacophoric moiety. The PDE5 inhibitors prevent the degradation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate, thereby causing severe hypotension as a marked side effect. Hence, an in vivo testing of the target compounds was conducted to verify its relation with arterial blood pressure. Utilizing sildenafil as the reference drug, Compounds 5, 10a, and 11b achieved 100% inhibitions of PDE5 without significantly lowering the mean arterial blood pressures (115.95 ± 2.91, 110.3 ± 2.84, and 78.3 ± 2.57, respectively). The molecular docking study revealed that the tested compounds exhibited docking poses that were similar to that of sildenafil (exploiting the amide functionality that interacted with GLN:817:A). The molecular shape and electrostatic similarity revealed a comparable physically achievable electrostatic potential with the reference drug, sildenafil. Therefore, these concomitant results revealed that the tested compounds exerted sildenafil-like inhibitory effects (although without its known drawbacks) on blood circulation, thus suggesting that the tested compounds might represent a cornerstone of beneficial drug candidates for the safe treatment for erectile dysfunction.     

近红外特征谱段相关系数法测定中药胶囊中添加枸橼酸西地那非

利用近红外特征谱段相关系数法对中药胶囊中是否添加枸橼酸西地那非进行快速定性分析.分别使用近红外光谱仪的积分球和光纤附件测定光谱,以枸橼酸西地那非化学对照品的近红外光谱为参照光谱,选择特定谱段,根据枸橼酸西地那非被掺入胶囊中的最小起效浓度建立待测样品光谱与参照光谱在该谱段的相似系数阈值,定性判断待测样品是否含有枸橼酸西地那非.积分球方法:选择6070～5800 cm~(-1)和4170～4070 cm~(-1)谱段,阈值为70%,用79个含枸橼酸西地那非的市售样品验证该方法,相关系数大于70%的有72个,占样品总量的91.14%;光纤方法:选定6070～5800 cm~(-1)谱段为特征谱段,设定阈值为65%,用247个含枸橼酸西地那非的市售样品进行验证,相关系数大于65%的有216个,占样品总量的87.45%.实验证明此方法具有较好的预测能力,可作为市场上该种非法添加药物的快速有效检查手段.     

1-甲基-3-丙基吡唑-5-羧酸的新合成方法

以2-戊酮和草酸二乙酯为起始原料,经缩合、与甲基腓环合、水解等三个步骤合成了1-甲基-3-丙基吡唑-5-羧酸。此化合物是合成新型磷酸二酯酶V型抑制剂西地那非枸橼酸盐（Silenafil citrate）的重要中间体。     

Rapid screening of sildenafil and tadalafil adulterated in healthcare products by Micro‐Raman spectroscopy

Sildenafil and tadalafil are inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 5, which are frequently added into healthcare products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using micro‐Raman spectroscopy as a non‐destructive technique to screen for sildenafil and tadalafil in adulterated healthcare products. Using a viewing microscope, the suspect area of healthcare products was selected, which had a discernable crystal form or shape from the surrounding zone. Optimization of instrumental parameters of the Raman spectrometer was chosen to reduce the background fluorescence, and the Raman spectra were collected. The spectra collected were compared with the standard Raman spectra of pure sildenafil and tadalafil. Samples with an identifiable Raman signature to that of sildenafil or tadalafil could be confirmed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Additionally, wavelet denoising combined with similarity calculation was used to establish an automated approach for discrimination of adulterated healthcare products. Correlation coefficient was chosen for similarity calculation based on the spectra collected and the standard Raman spectra of pure sildenafil and tadalafil. We compared ten samples, secured by administrative authorities in Shanghai, to analyse and demonstrate the capabilities of our proposed method. We established six samples containing sildenafil or tadalafil warranting analysis using LC/MS. Thus, the use of micro Raman spectroscopy provides a quick, convenient and non‐destructive method for screening adulterated chemicals in healthcare products. Raman spectroscopy combined with similarity calculation requires little training after spectra library is developed, thus showing great promise to identify the adulterated healthcare products in the future. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On‐surface Fenton and Fenton‐like reactions appraised by paper spray ionization mass spectrometry

On‐surface degradation of sildenafil (an adequate substrate as it contains assorted functional groups in its structure) promoted by the Fenton (Fe²⁺/H₂O₂) and Fenton‐like (Mⁿ⁺/H₂O₂; Mⁿ⁺ = Fe³⁺, Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Mn²⁺) systems was investigated by using paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (PS‐MS). The performance of each system was compared by measuring the ratio between the relative intensities of the ions of m/z 475 (protonated sildenafil) and m/z 235 (protonated lidocaine, used as a convenient internal standard and added to the paper just before the PS‐MS analyzes). The results indicated the following order in the rates of such reactions: Fe²⁺/H₂O₂ ≫ H₂O₂ ≫ Cu²⁺/H₂O₂ > Mⁿ⁺/H₂O₂ (Mⁿ⁺ = Fe³⁺, Co²⁺, Mn²⁺) ~ Mⁿ⁺ (Mⁿ⁺ = Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Mn²). The superior capability of Fe²⁺/H₂O₂ in causing the degradation of sildenafil indicates that Fe²⁺ efficiently decomposes H₂O₂ to yield hydroxyl radicals, quite reactive species that cause the substrate oxidation. The results also indicate that H₂O₂ can spontaneously decompose likely to yield hydroxyl radicals, although in a much smaller extension than the Fenton system. This effect, however, is strongly inhibited by the presence of the other cations, ie, Fe³⁺, Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Mn²⁺. A unique oxidation by‐product was detected in the reaction between Fe²⁺/H₂O₂ with sildenafil, and a possible structure for it was proposed based on the MS/MS data. The on‐surface reaction of other substrates (trimethoprim and tamoxifen) with the Fenton system was also investigated. In conclusion, PS‐MS shows to be a convenient platform to promptly monitor on‐surface oxidation reactions.     

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Studies of Novel Billogical Heterocycles

The synthetic route of sildenafil promoted us to synthesize new object molecules. New analogues containing a 4-thiazolidinone ring bonded to the phenyl moiety at the 2-position, 7-(substituted anilino)-6-fluoro-2-(p-meth- oxy-m-{[2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]aminocarbonyl}phenylsulfonamido)benzothiazoles (4a—4l) have been synthesized by cyclization with thioglycollic acid of Schiff bases 3a—3l from corresponding 7-(substituted anilino)-6-fluoro-2-(p-methoxy-m-hydrazinocarbonyl phenylsulfonamido)benzothiazoles (2a—2l). Compounds 2a—2l in turn were prepared by dehydroxyhalogenation followed by condensation with hydrazine hydrates of acids 1a—1l. Compounds 1a—1l in turn were prepared by chlorosulfonation of o-methoxy benzoic acid followed by condensation with 6-fluoro-7-(substituted anilino)-2-aminobenzothiazoles. Final compounds have been characterized by their elemental analysis, IR, NMR and mass spectra. All the synthesized compounds have been screened for their antimicrobial activities. Some of them showed good activities.     

毛细管电泳法测定性保健品中的西地那非

 用毛细管电泳法测定了万艾可片剂和两种市售性保健品中的西地那非。以 6 0mmol/L磷酸二氢钠溶液为缓冲溶液 (pH 5 0 ) ,在 35℃ ,30kV的条件下进行测定 ,结果西地那非的质量浓度为 0 0 7g/L～ 1 0 5 g/L时与相应峰面积的线性关系良好 (r =0 9985 ) ;在实际样品中的平均回收率为 97 4 % ;方法的重现性好 ,峰面积的RSD为4 7%。与目前通行的高效液相法测定西地那非的结果相比 ,毛细管电泳方法所测得的结果同样准确可靠 ,而且样品处理简便 ,测试时间短 ,测试成本低 ,因此可以作为测定西地那非的一种简便而准确的方法。