芝麻中芝麻素含量的高效液相色谱法测定

建立了一种快速、简便测定芝麻中芝麻素含量的方法。将芝麻粉碎后用甲醇超声提取,优化了粉碎粒径、超声料液比和提取时间。结果表明,芝麻样品经粉碎及超声萃取后,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定,色谱柱为C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水(75∶25),流速1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,检测波长286 nm。芝麻素在0.043 84~0.569 9μg范围内线性关系良好,回归方程为A=1 346 015m+2 136,r2=0.999 9;芝麻素的加标回收率为100%,RSD为1.1%,不同产地芝麻中的芝麻素含量测定结果为0.260%~0.502%。该方法具有操作简便、稳定、专属、可重复的特点,可用于芝麻的质量控制。     

顶空气相色谱-质谱联用结合同位素峰形校正检索技术鉴别芝麻油风味成分

采用顶空气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)仪结合同位素峰形校正检索技术鉴别了市售芝麻油风味成分中的71种化合物,占总检出化合物的90.2%。检出化合物可分为吡嗪、吡咯、吡啶、噻唑、噻吩、吲哚、唑、呋喃、醛类和酚类等,其中醛、酚、吡嗪和呋喃类化合物的含量较高,分别占风味成分含量的37.4%,20.1%,10.0%和6.7%。同位素峰形校正检索技术在低分辨率质谱上可对化合物的相对分子质量实现精确测量,从而为低分辨率四极杆质谱确定化合物的元素组成和解析化合物结构提供了重要依据,同时也为芝麻油的成分分析提供了新的技术手段。     

Determination of fatty acids by high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection using precolumn derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate

A new high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the determination of fatty acids in seed oils. The method was based on precolumn derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate as a labeling agent and fluorescence detection. Fatty acids were extracted from the samples and subjected to derivatization with the reagent at 60°C for 10?min. The chromatographic separation of 14 fatty acids (C10–C22) was achieved on a combined loading compression octadecyl sulfate (CLC-ODS) column with a run time of 30?min. Three-step gradient elution of a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water was used, and the signal was monitored at excitation and emission wavelengths of 265 and 315?nm, respectively. The method indicated favorable sensitivity and reproducibility for fatty acids’ derivatives. The detection limits, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, were 0.01–0.05?µg/ml and relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 0.27%. Excellent linear responses were observed with coefficients of 0.9995. This method was applied to quantify fatty acids in white, brown, and black sesame seeds’ oil.     

气相色谱/质谱法鉴定黑芝麻中黑色素的结构类型

 为获得天然高分子化合物黑芝麻中黑色素的分子结构信息 ,对其进行碱熔降解 ,然后对降解产物进行硅烷化衍生 ,再利用气相色谱 /质谱联用分析 ,结果发现产物中含有儿茶酚、对苯二酚和儿茶酸 ,从而证明黑芝麻中的黑色素具有儿茶酚型黑色素的结构特征。     

碰撞池-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定芝麻中痕量的锗

建立了碰撞池-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定芝麻中痕量的锗元素(germanium , Ge)。采用微波消解,碰撞池(KED模式)-电感耦合等离子体质谱检测,在线引入内标元素铑(Rh),同时消解液中加入3%正戊醇增敏。结果 3 % 正戊醇可使_⁷⁴Ge的上机检测信号强度提高2.85倍,_⁷⁴Ge校正曲线线性相关系数为1.00000,检出限为0.0555 μg/kg,加标回收率为92.0%~106%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD%)为2.6%~4.3%。采用建立的方法测定7种国家标准物质,检测结果均在认定值范围内,RSD%为2.5%~8.8%。结论 该方法灵敏度高、准确,可实现批量检测,适用于芝麻中痕量锗的检测。     

Study of Stability of Sesame Oil-In-Water Emulsions Determined using an Optical Analyzer and Measurement of Particle Size and Distribution

The aim of the study was to determine the optimal conditions, that is, the content of sesame oil and the amount of carboxymethylcellulose, to obtain stable dispersion systems. Emulsions were stored under different temperature conditions. For this purpose, six emulsions were prepared and their stability was examined empirically using techniques including particle size analysis, optical microscopy, and the Turbiscan test. The emulsion containing 40 g of oil and 0.6 g of thickener had the highest stability. No destabilizations in whole the range of stored temperature were observed for the emulsion with that composition. Emulsion was stable as well at cool temperature as at extreme environment (40°C). Nowadays, the use of O/W emulsions based on vegetable oil is continuously increasing. To date, sesame oil has been used mainly for direct consumption. The present work indicates a novel possibility for use of sesame oil as the fat base of an emulsion system. Besides, the study gave information about parameters of long-term stability emulsion what is the key in the quality of the dispersion systems. This knowledge is necessary for the industry in order to avoid destabilizing processes occurring in a new product.     

气相色谱-质谱法测定植物油中8种维生素E及其在芝麻油真伪鉴别方面的应用

建立了气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）同时测定植物油中α-、β-、γ-、δ-生育酚和α-、β-、γ-、δ-生育三烯酚等8种维生素E的分析方法。植物油样品经甲醇超声提取、浓缩、定容,在分时段选择离子监测（SIM）模式下分离分析,采用外标法进行定量。结果表明,8种维生素E可实现基线分离;在0.01~1 mg/L范围内,所有目标物均呈良好线性关系,相关系数均大于0.99;检出限和定量限分别为0.03~0.25 mg/kg和0.10~0.83 mg/kg;在芝麻油中分别添加10、50和250 mg/kg 3个水平的8种维生素E进行加标试验,平均回收率为87.5%~107.4%,相对标准偏差（RSD）≤ 7.5%。所建立的方法简单、准确、可靠,且灵敏度高,可用于测定植物油中8种维生素E的含量。采用上述方法对芝麻油、大豆油、菜籽油、葵花籽油、花生油、玉米油和棕榈油等7种共75个植物油样品中维生素E的含量进行测定。结果显示,芝麻油与其他6种植物油中的8种维生素E的组成和含量均有显著差异性,因此该方法可作为芝麻油掺入其他植物油的特征鉴定指标。     

芝麻致敏原的实时荧光PCR检测

针对芝麻Sesamum indicum 2S albumin mRNA基因设计引物、探针,在实时荧光PCR仪上进行扩增、检测和分析.结果显示:该组探针和引物对芝麻有很强的特异性,除黑芝麻和白芝麻外,其余6种对照材料均未检测到荧光信号,黑白芝麻成分检测灵敏度达到0.1%.该方法具有灵敏度高、快速、简便的特点,可用于芝麻致敏原成分的定量检测.     

同步-异步二维中红外相关谱检测掺假芝麻油

将同步-异步二维中红外相关谱和多维偏最小二乘判别法相结合定性分析掺假芝麻油。分别配置40个纯芝麻油和含有玉米油不同体积分数(3%~60%)的掺假芝麻油样品40个。室温下,分别采集所有样品的常规一维中红外光谱(650~4 000cm-1)。在研究纯芝麻油和掺假芝麻油的一维中红外光谱的基础上,以芝麻油中掺假的玉米油浓度为外扰,进行相关计算,得到同步和异步二维中红外相关谱矩阵,并对其进行标准化。分别提取标准化的同步和异步二维中红外相关谱主对角线上部分和下部分元素进行融合,得到同步-异步二维中红外相关谱矩阵。在此基础上,分别基于同步-异步二维中红外相关谱矩阵、同步二维中红外相关谱矩阵和异步二维中红外相关谱矩阵建立了三个定性分析掺假芝麻油的多维偏最小二乘判别模型对预测集未知样品进行预测,其识别正确率分别为100%,96.2%和96.2%。结果表明:相对于同步和异步二维中红外相关谱,同步-异步二维中红外相关谱不仅包含了完整的掺假油特征信息,而且剔除了冗余信息,因此能取得更好的判别结果。     

气相色谱法与麻油纯度试验法在芝麻油掺伪鉴定中的应用

用气相色谱法和麻油纯度试验法对芝麻油掺伪情况进行分析。用气相色谱法分析脂肪酸组成,测定植物油中的主要脂肪酸,来确定是何种油或掺入其它何种植物油;麻油纯度试验法用于定量。两者可结合起来使用。