基于能量色散X射线荧光光谱的鱼粉产地溯源方法研究

鱼粉是一种在养殖业中占有重要地位的高蛋白饲料原料。我国对鱼粉的市场需求很大,但不同产地的鱼粉存在品质差异的问题。为保证鱼粉品质安全,建立鱼粉产地溯源系统具有非常重要的意义。能量色散X射线荧光光谱根据元素辐射X射线荧光光子能量不同,能够检测样品矿物质元素种类和含量。鱼粉所含矿物质元素种类和含量会因鱼粉产地不同而存在差异,因此提出采用能量色散X射线荧光光谱(EDXRF)法对鱼粉进行扫描检测来获得鱼粉的元素信息,将原始光谱进行预处理后,采用鲸鱼算法改进的自适应净信号权重局部超平面方法识别鱼粉样品的光谱向量,从而对其产地进行溯源判别。首先对产地来自辽宁和浙江的51份鱼粉样品进行压片,并在EDXRF谱仪的检测程序中设置不同的滤光片,得到51组(每组6条光谱)光谱。然后对光谱进行预处理,采用基于自适应迭代重加权惩罚最小二乘法算法（airPLS）进行基线校正,从而消除基线漂移的影响,提高精度。采用小波变换对光谱进行平滑,去除光谱曲线的高频噪声。选取每个鱼粉样品6条光谱的有效区段,计算谱峰面积,获得代表样品矿物质元素含量的16维向量。最后采取鲸鱼算法对自适应净信号权重局部超平面(ANWKH)方法的关键参数（近邻数、主成分数、调节参数）进行最优选择,再利用寻找到的最优参数建立自适应净信号权重局部超平面模型,随机选取每个产地鱼粉样品的70%作为训练集,30%作为测试集进行鱼粉产地判别。鱼粉样品分别来自辽宁和浙江两个产地,经预测模型识别正确率分别为94.3%和100%,总正确率为97.3%,均高于人工寻找参数的自适应净信号权重局部超平面分类准确率。结果表明,基于能量色散X射线荧光光谱的鱼粉溯源方法能够准确地实现鱼粉产地溯源,经鲸鱼算法改进后的自适应净信号权重局部超平面方法能够寻找到最优参数,建立分类准确度更高的模型,为以后进行更加详细的国内外鱼粉产地溯源提供了参考。     

基于网格搜索的参数优化方法用于鱼粉灰分的近红外LSSVM定量分析

采用近红外(NIR)光谱技术和最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)参数优化方法,建立定标预测模型测定鱼粉灰分的含量,采用去趋势校正和标准正交校正(DC-SNV)相结合的方式进行光谱预处理,基于网格搜索法建立LSSVM的参数优化模型,提高NIR光谱定量分析的预测精度。结果表明,LSSVM参数网格搜索方法能够有效地应用于鱼粉NIR光谱模型优化,获得的鱼粉灰分的光谱预测值与化学测定值能较准确的匹配,有利于NIR光谱技术快速检测在养殖饲料产品中的应用。     

Optimisation of Pressurized Liquid Extraction for the Determination of Seven Selected Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Feed Samples

Pressurized Liquid Extraction was utilized for the extraction of seven selected polychlorinated biphenyls (28, 52, 101, 118, 153, and 180) from a naturally contaminated fishmeal and two feed samples fortified with a naturally contaminated fish oil sample. In order to assure sufficient extraction efficiencies, the extraction solvent, the extraction temperature, and the flush volume were optimised by a factorial design approach. The results of the analyses revealed that the impact of these parameters on the extraction of PCBs differed depending on which matrix that was analysed. For fishmeal, an elevated extraction temperature was important to obtain the highest values for the recovery rates whereas for the feed samples high extraction efficiencies could be obtained for all temperatures investigated in the study. In addition, the solvent had an impact on the extraction of PCBs, however, the influence was less pronounced than the impact of temperature. The final conditions, resulting in high recovery rates for all PCBs in all matrices, were found to be temperatures above 100°C using n-heptane as extraction solvent, while the flush volume had very limited effects on the extraction efficiency.