Label-free immunosensor for monitoring vitellogenin as a biomarker for exogenous oestrogen compounds in amphibian species

A label-free, optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy based immunosensor was developed for frog (Bombina orientalis) vitellogenin (Vtg) determination in biological samples as a biomarker for exogenous oestrogen compounds. Antibody against Vtg was produced in rabbits immunised with purified lipovitellin (Lpv), a precursor of Vtg, from the homogenised ovary of oriental fire-bellied toads (B. orientalis). The purified protein and Lpv/Vtg-specific serum were applied in both competitive and direct immunoassay formats using optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy immunosensor. When measuring Vtg in direct manner, the Lpv antibody (1.76 µg mL^?1) was immobilised on the sensor surface, and the linear measuring range for Vtg was 0.1–10 µg mL^?1. During the competitive measurement, 100 ng mL^?1 Lpv was applied for the immobilisation. The linear measuring range for Vtg was 0.5–50 ng mL^?1. We studied the relative substrate specificity of the antibody, and it was concluded that the method is suitable for the sensitive and selective determination of Vtg levels in toads. Heart, liver and gonad samples from male animals were spiked with Vtg and were analysed using the newly developed method, and female toads and spawn samples were tested and compared to the calibration curve obtained by the spiked samples.     

稻瘟灵单克隆抗体的制备及评价

该文制备了农药稻瘟灵的单克隆抗体,并建立了稻瘟灵的酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）检测方法。在完全保留稻瘟灵结构的基础上从二硫杂环戊烷结构中衍生不同长度的活性手臂制备了2个半抗原,并分别与载体蛋白偶联合成免疫原与包被原。通过小鼠免疫、细胞融合、淘筛、腹水制备等步骤获得特异性识别稻瘟灵的单克隆抗体mAb－DWL。结果显示,基于mAb－DWL构建的间接竞争ELISA法的半抑制浓度（IC50）为55.2 ng/mL,线性范围为4.6 ~ 530.2 ng/mL,其与结构类似物的交叉反应可忽略不计。所建立的ELISA方法对蔬菜及粮食等样品的加标回收率为77.2% ~ 116%,可用于实际样品的快速检测。     

Current Advances in Highly Multiplexed Antibody‐Based Single‐Cell Proteomic Measurements

Single‐cell measurements have played a critical role in revealing the complex signaling dynamics and heterogeneity present in cells, but there is still much to learn. Measuring samples from bulk populations of cells often masks the information and dynamics present in subsets of cells. Common single‐cell protein studies rely on fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry but are limited in multiplexing ability owing to spectral overlap. Recently, technology advancements in single‐cell proteomics have allowed highly multiplexed measurement of multiple parameters simultaneously by using barcoded microfluidic enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays and mass cytometry techniques. In this review, we will describe recent work around multiparameter single‐cell protein measurements and critically analyze the techniques.     

Development of an Enzyme Immunoassay for the Determination of the Herbicide Metsulfuron-Methyl Based on Chicken Egg Yolk Antibodies

Abstract

The development of an indirect competitive enzyme immunoassay for the sulfonylurea herbicide metsulfuron-methyl (MSM) is described. In contrast to traditional antibody generation in mammals, this extremely sensitive method is based on chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY). They were raised in laying hens using an MSM-derivative-BSA hapten as immunogen. With a 1:10000 dilution of the antibody solution and a coating antigen (MSM-derivative-KLH) concentration of 10 μg L^?1 the IC₅₀ value achieved for the target analyte was 0.4 μg L^?1. The least detectable dose was established at 13 ng L^?1. Cross-reactivity was tested with 5 structurally related compounds, where only sulfometuron showed a significant binding. The ELISA was tested with spiked tap and surface water samples. This paper, for the first time, demonstrates the production of high-affinity IgY antibodies for a herbicide compound.     

Study of blood collection and sample preparation for analysis of vitamin D and its metabolites by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

The analysis of vitamin D status, with special emphasis on 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, is gaining interest in clinical studies due to the classical and non-classical effects attributed to this prohormone. In this research, the influence of the two steps preceding determination (viz. sample collection and preparation) on the quantitative analysis of vitamin D and its more important metabolites has been studied. Two preparation approaches, deproteination and solid-phase extraction (SPE), have been evaluated in terms of sensitivity to delimit their application, thus establishing that detection of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D cannot be addressed by protein precipitation. Concerning sample collection, serum and plasma reported high accuracy (above 83.3%) for vitamin D and metabolites, while precision, expressed as relative standard deviation, was below 12.9% for all analytes in both samples. Statistical analysis revealed that serum and plasma provided similar physiological levels for vitamin D₃, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ and 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃, while significantly different levels were obtained for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃, always higher in plasma than in serum. Sample collection and treatment have proved to be significant in the analysis of vitamin D and its relevant metabolites.     

分子生物学手段检测转Bt基因棉花中Cry杀虫蛋白的定性和定量方法

建立了转Bt基因棉花中Cry杀虫蛋白的提取、样品前处理以及酶联免疫(ELISA)定量分析方法,并使用凝胶电泳、普通聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和实时荧光定量PCR等分子生物学手段对转基因棉花中的Bt基因进行定性和定量检测.所建立的苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白(Cry1Ab蛋白和Cry1Ac蛋白)标准曲线线性关系良好,相关系数r2均大于0.999,相对标准偏差RSD均小于2.0%.方法简单、快速、重现性和精密度好,可为农业食品行业和环境领域科研人员提供一种简便快速地从转基因棉花中检测Bt毒蛋白的分析方法.     

Chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on a strip to detect Escherichia coli O157:H7

A fast and sensitive chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method to measure pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli O157:H7, on immuno-chromatographic membrane was studied. Non-specific binding of proteins on membrane strip was controlled to attain the best performance of immunosensor by optimising the composition of a running buffer. The specificity of the proposed immunostrip was confirmed by conducting experiments for four different micro-organisms. A chemiluminescent signal could be successfully generated from a proposed immunostrip sensing system, and a significant change in the chemiluminescent light intensity with the concentration of target microbes was obtained. E. coli O157:H7 could be quantitatively measured in the range of 1.1?×?10^3?–1.1?×?10⁷ CFU (colony forming units) mL^?1 within 16?min by using the developed chemiluminescent immunostrip.     

Direct and rapid electrochemical immunosensing system based on a conducting polymer

A system device using multifunctional conjugated copolymer poly(5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone-co-hydroxy-2-thioacetic acid-1,4-naphthoquinone) acting both as immobilizing and transducing element for reagentless immunosensor has been constructed. Its functionality was evaluated in an antigen-antibody interaction model using ovalbumin-anti-ovalbumin. It was shown that the system specifically detects via electrochemical signal the antigen-antibody immune interaction in a reagentless context. Comparison to the conventional ELISA technique relevant to performance and sensitivity was presented.     

水中硝基苯胺类化合物酶免疫化学分析技术研究

采用戊二醛法, 将4-硝基苯乙胺与牛血清蛋白(BSA)和卵清蛋白(OVA)共价偶联, 分别合成了免疫原4-硝基苯乙胺-BSA和包被原4-硝基苯乙胺-OVA, 经紫外分光光度计及飞行时间质谱扫描鉴定. 用合成的免疫抗原免疫新西兰大白兔, 并用合成的包被原进行间接竞争酶联免疫(ELISA)试验, 获得的抗血清效价达1∶32000. 方阵实验确定了包被抗原最佳浓度(0.5 mg/L)及抗血清最佳稀释度(1∶6000), 并建立了间接竞争ELISA方法. 工作曲线表明在1～1000 μg/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系, 该法IC₅₀值为(52.73±2.67) μg/L, 检测限为5.12 μg/L. 其它类似结构不干扰硝基苯胺的测定. 成功地建立了硝基苯胺类化合物的间接竞争酶免疫化学分析方法．     

Cu-DNAzyme facilitates highly sensitive immunoassay

A simple Cu-DNAzyme system is used for signal transduction of a CuO nanoparticle-labeled immunoassay, which makes the immunoassay fast, simple, cost-effective, and sensitive, thus promising for biomedical applications and point-of-care testing.