大豆脲酶诱导碳酸钙沉淀的多因素影响分析

本文探究了多个影响因素对大豆脲酶诱导碳酸钙沉淀(SICP)的影响,以优选出主要影响因素并提供其最佳范围。首先分析了脲酶浓度和温度对脲酶活性的影响;之后通过正交实验设计,进行25种工况的SICP水溶液实验,研究不同因素组合下Ca²⁺利用率的变化规律;最后借助扫描电子显微镜观测不同工况下生成碳酸钙的形态。结果表明:低温有利于脲酶的保存及活性发挥,5 ℃时脲酶活性能保持21 d以上;同一温度下,脲酶浓度越大,脲酶初始活性越高,脲酶完全失活所需时间越短。pH值、脲酶与胶结液体积比是影响Ca²⁺利用率的主要因素。为达到较高的Ca²⁺利用率,脲酶和胶结液最佳体积比为1,氯化钙与尿素最佳浓度比为1.5,Ca²⁺最佳浓度为1 mol/L。当脲酶浓度较低时生成的六面体状碳酸钙较多;随着脲酶浓度的增大,所沉淀的碳酸钙向球形转变。大豆中富含的天冬氨酸是控制碳酸钙形态的重要因素。     

Highly Efficient Copper(II) Ion Sorbents Obtained by Calcium Carbonate Mineralization on Functionalized Cross‐Linked Copolymers

A new type of Cu^II ion sorbents is presented. These are obtained by CaCO₃ mineralization from supersaturated solutions on gel‐like cross‐linked polymeric beads as insoluble templates. A divinylbenzene–ethylacrylate–acrylonitrile cross‐linked copolymer functionalized with weakly acidic, basic, or amphoteric functional groups has been used, as well as different initial inorganic concentrations and addition procedures for CaCO₃ crystal growth. The morphology of the new composites was investigated by SEM and compared to that of the unmodified beads, and the polymorph content was established by X‐ray diffraction. The beads, before and after CaCO₃ mineralization, were tested as sorbents for Cu^II ions. The newly formed patterns on the bead surface after Cu^II sorption were observed by SEM, and the elemental distribution on the composites and the chemical structure of crystals after interaction with Cu^II were investigated by EDAX elemental mapping and by FTIR‐ATR spectroscopy, respectively. The sorption capacity increased significantly after CaCO₃ crystals growth on the weak anionic bead surface (up to 1041.5 mg Cu^II/g sample) compared to that of unmodified beads (491.5 mg Cu^II/g sample).     

碳酸钙固硫固体进样测汞仪快速测定硫化铅精矿中汞

在使用固体进样测汞仪直接测定硫化铅精矿中汞时,由于试样中硫含量通常较高(高达30%以上),在测定过程中大量的硫被氧化会污染甚至腐蚀固体进样测汞仪的核心部件催化管,导致催化管寿命严重缩短。为解决该问题,建立碳酸钙固硫-固体进样测汞仪直接测定硫化铅精矿中汞的分析方法;并对Ca/S比,分解温度,分解时间,齐化时间等参数进行优化。在最优条件下,Hg的含量在2~20 ng和20~500ng线性范围内回归系数(R²)分别为0.9996和0.9998;方法检出限(LOD)为0.006 μg/g。用该法对3个典型样品进行测定,相对标准偏差RSD≤9%(n=7),加标回收率为96%~106%。该方法简单、快捷,准确度和精密度高,适合硫化铅精矿中汞的快速测定。     

Fabrication of Chitosan Single‐Component Microcapsules With a Micrometer‐Thick and Layered Wall Structure by Stepwise Core‐Mediated Precipitation

Incubation of CaCO₃ microparticles in chitosan (CS) solution at pH 5.2 and following with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) treatment resulted in CS single‐component microcapsules with an ultra‐thick wall structure. Repeating the incubation caused stepwise increase of wall thickness and finally resulted in CS microcapsules with a layered structure. This unique method is mediated by precipitation of CS on the CaCO₃ particles as a result of pH increase caused by the partial dissolution of CaCO₃. The obtained CS capsules are stable at neutral pH.     

The influence of crystallization conditions on the onset of dendritic growth of calcium carbonate

Understanding the crystallization of calcium carbonate is relevant in numerous fields like biomineralization, geology and industrial applications where calcium carbonate forms. In order to enhance the knowledge about the formation of calcium carbonate with focus on the vaterite polymorph, in this work calcium carbonate has been crystallized in aqueous solutions at temperatures from 5 °C to 90 °C. Special attention has been directed to higher temperatures for which the effect of the initial supersaturation on the resulting crystal morphologies and the onset of dendritic growth have been studied. In analogy to snow crystal formation, it has been found that in a certain temperature range hexagonal plate‐like crystals form at low supersaturation whereas dendritic patterns start to appear at higher supersaturation. The symmetrical branches characteristic for dendritic growth get less pronounced as the temperature is decreased. The results reported here related to the interdependence between supersaturation, crystal morphology and growth mechanisms, can be used in future works to predict particle formation and to design crystal architectures. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Na_5P_3O_(10)-Ca(OH)_2-CO_2-H_2O体系纳米CaCO_3的成核与生长

通过化学分析、SEM显微分析技术结合RosinRamiler概率统计理论从介观层次研究Na5P3O10CaOH2CO2H2O体系纳米CaCO3的合成反应及其成核和生长过程。结果表明Na5P3O10对CaOH2的碳化反应具有抑制作用。随着Na5P3O10的增加体系中CaCO3的成核速率B0逐渐增大。在Na5P3O10=0ppm时CaCO3结晶的生长由长程扩散和凝聚生长控制Na5P3O10=380.4760.9ppm时前期受短程扩散和界面反应控制、后期受长程扩散控制。Na5P3O10的存在抑制了纳米CaCO3的晶体生长。     

液相体系中工艺条件对纳米碳酸钙晶形及聚集态的影响

对液相中形成纳米碳酸钙所加的分散剂和晶型控制剂，温度、浓度和搅拌速度等对晶形及聚集态的影响作了初步的研究，在反应温度8～15℃，反应物浓度0.1～0.4mol/L，搅拌速度3～20r/s，反应物加料时间4～12min的工艺条件下，可制备出粒径约50nm的高分散纳米碳酸钙，所控条件和相应的产品结果较令人满意。     

CaCO3/PEEK复合体系的力学行为和热行为研究

以聚醚醚酮和碳酸钙复合体系为研究对象,考察了偶联剂和填料添加量对复合材料力学行为和热行为的影响.发现磺化聚醚醚酮作为偶联剂能有效地改善材料的力学性能,提高基体树脂的玻璃化转变温度,降低基体树脂的熔点,有助于改善聚醚醚酮的加工条件     

纳米CaCO3的改性、表面结构与流变行为研究

采用铝锆偶联剂和棕榈酸改性纳米CaCO₃ 粉体. 借助 XRD, FTIR, 接触角及流变学等测试方法对纳米CaCO₃ 的表面结构进行表征. XRD 分析表明: 改性纳米 CaCO₃保持原样品完整的体相结构, 为方解石型纳米微晶. FTIR 分析证明: 表面改性剂与纳米 CaCO₃ 表面是以化学键合和物理吸附方式相结合, 粒子表面存在羧基等有机官能团的红外吸收特征. 通过测定苯和水在改性纳米CaCO₃粉末压片上的接触角, 计算了改性纳米 CaCO₃的表面能和极性分量, 并与未改性纳米CaCO₃ 进行比较. 结果表明, 经表面改性, 纳米 CaCO₃ 的表面能和极性分量明显降低, 其在有机溶液中的吸附功增大, 界面张力大大降低; 经棕榈酸改性的纳米 CaCO₃ 表现出较好的亲油疏水性, 而铝锆偶联剂改性的纳米 CaCO₃ 同时具有亲水性和亲油性. 以液体石蜡为溶剂, 研究了表面改性对纳米CaCO₃悬浮液流变行为的影响. 实验发现: 经过表面处理, 纳米 CaCO₃ 粉体悬浮液流变行为发生较大的变化, 稳态剪切黏度大大降低, 表现出较小的动态弹性储能模量和黏性损耗模量, 而损耗因子较大.