离子交换树脂去除氯化铝溶液中铁和镓工艺研究

本文采用离子交换树脂去除“一步酸溶法”提取氧化铝工艺中氯化铝溶出液的铁和镓杂质,考察了四种离子交换树脂去除杂质的能力。试验表明,D201MBP型离子交换树脂的杂质吸附率最高,最佳反应条件为树脂和溶出液质量比为1:10,反应温度70℃,反应时间30min,溶出液浓度1～1.2(原溶出液浓度设为1),Fe和Ga的吸附率可达93%和98%,且Al的损失率仅为3.9%。在室温下,用0.5%盐酸溶液洗脱饱和树脂,可达到良好的再生效果。     

混合型离子交换液相色谱-串联质谱法检测鸡蛋中10种氨基糖苷类药物残留

该研究系统地优化了样品前处理过程及仪器分析中影响氨基糖苷残留分析准确度与灵敏度的各主要因素,建立了鸡蛋中10种氨基糖苷类药物(链霉素、双氢链霉素、潮霉素B、卡那霉素、阿米卡星、妥布霉素、安普霉素、大观霉素、新霉素、庆大霉素)残留量的混合型离子交换液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。样品经10 mmol/L乙酸铵缓冲溶液(含0.4 mmol/L EDTA和50 g/L三氯乙酸)超声提取,调节pH至6~7后,经PRiME HLB固相萃取柱富集净化,采用SIELC Obelisc R色谱柱分离,以乙腈和1.0%(v/v)甲酸水溶液(含1 mmol/L甲酸铵)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在正离子、多反应监测模式下经串联质谱仪测定,外标法定量。该方法在5~200 μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r²)均大于0.99;方法的检出限(LOD, S/N≥3)为2~5 μg/kg,定量限(LOQ, S/N≥10)为5~10 μg/kg。在空白鸡蛋中进行LOQ、20 μg/kg、100 μg/kg 3个水平的加标回收实验,方法的平均回收率(n=6)为68.1%~111.3%,相对标准偏差为1.2%~12.3%。利用该方法对市售的20批次鸡蛋样品进行测定,均未检出目标物。本方法简单、灵敏、准确,可实现鸡蛋中10种氨基糖苷类药物残留的批量检测。     

新型聚苯胺共聚物季铵盐的合成与性能研究

以邻硝基苯甲酸和苯胺为原料,经6步反应合成了一种新型的聚[苯胺-N-(2-氯乙基)-2-氨基苯甲酰胺]共聚物季铵盐(6),其结构和性能经UV-Vis,IR,X-射线衍射和离子交换容量表征。结果表明,季铵化成盐后,6的IR和UV吸收带发生了明显蓝移;6具有较好的共轭性,可能呈导电性;6呈非晶态结构,能溶于甲醇和DMF等极性溶剂,具有一定的离子交换能力。     

离子交换法处理曝气后氯化亚铜的废水研究

通过预曝气的方法,氯化亚铜废水溶液中Cu(Ⅰ)被氧化为Cu(Ⅱ),并能简化氯化亚铜废水溶液的粒子结构,分别采用201×7 OH-型强碱性阴离子树脂和732 Na型强酸性阳离子树脂处理曝气后的氯化亚铜废水,进行了曝气时间、pH值和温度等因素对废水处理效果的研究,得到最佳的处理废水条件。曝气180 min后,在温度60 ℃,V溶液/V树脂=2/1,阳离子交换反应15 min时,可使废水溶液中铜粒子浓度达到国家废水一级排放标准。     

锂离子交换体Li1.5Ti1.625O4的研究(Ⅱ)-H1.5Ti1.625O4的交换性能研究

本文就H1.5Ti1.625O4的pH滴定、分配系数Kd、交换容量、交换等温线、交换速度等离子交换性能进行了研究.研究结果表明,H1.5Ti1.62504对锂离子表现出很好的离子交换选择性及记忆性交换功能.     

弱碱性离子交换树脂D301分离低浓度甲酸的研究

采用D301弱碱性离子交换树脂对水溶液中低浓度甲酸进行分离。静态条件下考察了时间、温度、振荡速率和树脂用量对分离效果的影响,获得了交换等温线;动态条件下考察了不同高径比、流速、温度、浓度下动态穿透曲线;研究了树脂再生效果与稳定性。初始浓度573mg/L的甲酸废水,在树脂用量2.5g/L、温度35℃、振荡速率160r/min条件下,最大交换量为154.16mg/g;其交换等温线符合Langmuir方程,热力学平衡方程计算得G<0,H=10.25kJ/mol,S>0,表明该吸附过程是自发的、吸热、熵增加的过程。交换过程中颗粒扩散是离子交换的主要速率控制步骤,表观活化能与反应级数分别为5.983kJ/mol和0.378。     

《离子交换与吸附》征稿须知

《离子交换与吸附》是南开大学高分子研究所主办的反应性高分子学术期刊。本刊旨在反应国内外离子交换剂、吸附剂、高分子催化剂、高分子试剂、医用高分子材料以及其他功能高分子材料在科研、生产、应用和应用基础研究诸方面的进展和动向。     

弱酸阳离子交换纤维柱富集-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定水样中的稀土

提出了聚丙烯基弱酸性阳离子交换纤维柱富集痕量稀土元素,1.0 mol/L HCl溶液作为洗脱剂,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定水样中稀土元素的方法。在优化的试验条件下,弱酸性阳离子交换纤维对La、Nd、Eu、Gd、Er和Yb的吸附容量分别为86.5,98.2,98.7,99.2,84.9,91.5 mg/g;La、...     

流动注射在线富集-FAAS测定合金钢中微量镍

提出了流动注射在线离子交换富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定合金钢中微量镍的分析方法.在线离子交换采用双柱正向富集和反向洗脱流路方式,使用80目732强酸型阳离子交换树脂在酸度为0.10mol/L HCl中富集样品中的Ni2+,并用2.0mol/L HCl洗脱.设计了流动注射在线离子交换富集双柱流路的操作程序,优化了各项仪器...     

具有抗生物污染活性的分子筛膜用于高效油水分离

The development of the global economy has been accompanied by frequent oil spills caused by accidental leaks and industrial manufacturing, which have seriously threatened the aquatic environment and human health. Traditional methods for the treatment of oily wastewater include centrifugation, skimming, flotation, oil-absorbing technology, etc., which are limited by low separation efficiency as well as secondary pollution during the post-processing of oil absorption materials. Recently, separation technologies utilizing the special wettabilities of filtration membranes have been developed to enrich and recycle oils from wastewater. Among these, the fabrication of superhydrophilic/underwater superhydrophobic membranes have attracted intensive research interest, which can selectively allow the passage of water through the membrane while blocking the oils. However, microorganisms are more likely to breed on these hydrophilic surfaces, eventually leading to the blockage of the membranes. In this study, ZSM-5 zeolite crystals (MFI topological structure) were coated onto the stainless-steel meshes by means of seeding and secondary hydrothermal growth. Then, 70% of the total Na⁺ ions in the zeolite channels were substituted by Ag⁺ ions via an ion exchange process. The resultant membranes (Ag@ZCMFs) were superamphiphilic in air, with both water contact angle and oil contact angle of approximately 0°. However, they became superoleophobic when immersed in water, and the underwater oil contact angle reached 151.27° ± 4.34°. In terms of special wettability, Ag@ZCMF achieved efficient separation for various oil-water mixtures with separation efficiencies above 99%. The water flux and intrusion pressure of Ag@ZCMF depended on the diameter of pinholes in the membrane, which could be modulated by altering the time of secondary hydrothermal growth. For instance, the average diameter of pinholes in Ag@ZCMF with optimum secondary growth time of 14 h (Ag@ZCMF-14) reached approximately 21 μm, giving rise to the water flux and intrusion pressure of 54720 L·m^-2·h^-1 and 4357 Pa, respectively. The anti-corrosion test and rubbing test confirmed the high chemical and mechanical stability of Ag@ZCMF-14, respectively. The separation efficiency of Ag@ZCMF-14 remained stable during ten purification-regeneration cycles, and no obvious attenuation was observed, proving the high separation stability of Ag@ZCMF-14. Furthermore, the loaded Ag⁺ ions afforded the membrane excellent anti-biofouling activity, which could effectively inhibit the growth of both alga and bacteria in the operating environment, thus preventing membrane blockage during the oil-water separation process. In particular, the bacteriostatic rate of Ag@ZCMF-14 to Escherichia coli reached to 99.6%. These results demonstrate that Ag@ZCMFs with anti-biofouling activity has promising potential future applications in the removal of oil slicks from oily wastewater.