Specific Angular Momentum Distribution of Disc Galaxies Formed in Preheated Intergalactic Media

Assuming that baryons within a galactic halo have the same specific angular momentum as the dark matter where they locate initially and a disc forms due to the gas cooling and condensation with the conservation of angular momentum, we investigate the angular momentum distribution in a resulting galactic disc under the new preheated galaxy formation model suggested by Mo and Mao (Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 333 (2002) 768).Compared with the observational results, it can be concluded that the preheated galaxy formation model can match current observations. This model can be a good approach to solve the problems of both the angular momentum catastrophe and the mismatch of angularomomentum profiles in current disc galaxy formation models.     

宇宙具有十二面体形状

 在从观测宇宙微波背景的Wilkinson微波各向异性探测器(WMAP)获得的数据基础上,美国数学家计算出,宇宙多半最终会具有十二面体形状。进行的是反证法:如果宇宙是无限的,则在微波背景上应观察到任何大小的波,但是实际上不是这样:Wilkinson微波各向异性探测器确实一次也没有观测到巨大的波。根据以杰弗里·威克斯(JeffreyWeeks)博士为首的数学家小组的计算,在宇宙微波背景上的波看上去完全像从规则几何形状十二面体内部看到的一样。其实,其他专家也证实,在其他几何形状内部也能产生类似的波结构。     

Transmission Properties of THz Radiation Pulses through Very Deep Zero-Order Metallic Gratings

Very deep zero-order metallic grating structures are processed to study the transmission properties of THz radiation pulses. The experiments have been performed with two samples. The delay of the THz pulses and the corresponding resonantly enhanced transmission spectra through the samples are observed. To explain the extraordinary transmission we have treated the samples as Fabry-Perot resonators through resonant excitation of the coupled surface plasmon polaritons filled in the cavities between the metal slats. The experimental results are in reasonable agreement with the numerical simulation. Our results show that THz-time-domain spectroscopy may be an effective technique for studying the optical properties of various THz microstructured devices.     

239Pa可能对天体物理研究产生一点影响

扼要介绍利用重计时对的核宇宙年代学来进行宇宙年龄估计的方法. 简单叙述²³⁹Pa的异常长的半衰期对于宇宙年龄估计的影响.     

一个了解宇宙的新窗口——分子天体物理学介绍

 现代科学的显著特点之一是它的综合性和整体性,即各个学科之间的交互影响.分子天体物理学的建立和发展是一个很好的例子.在它的发展过程中,物理学和化学的基础研究,射电天文学和空间天文学的最新技术成就与天体物理学和天体化学密切配合,相互推动.在短短的二十多年中形成了一门生气勃勃的新学科.它为天文学提供了一个了解宇宙的新窗口,有力地推动了恒星演化的极早期阶段和晚期阶段的研究.     

Phase Transitions in the Early Universe with Negatively Induced Supergravity Cosmological Constant

We consider that the observable cosmological constant is the sum of the vacuum （Avac） and the induced term （Aind - 3m^2/4） with m being the ultra-llght masses （≈ Hubble parameter） implemented in the theory from supergravities arguments and non-minimal coupling. In the absence of a scalar buildup of matter fields, we study its effects on spontaneous symmetry breaking with a Higgs potential and show how the presence of the ultra-light masses yields some important consequences for the early universe and new constraints on the Higgs and electroweak gauge bosons masses.     

Bianchi Type-Ⅲ String Cosmological Model With Bulk Viscosity and Magnetic Field

The Bianchi type-Ⅲ cosmological model for a cloud string in the presence of bulk viscosity and magnetic field are presented. To obtain the determinate model it is assumed that there is an equation of state ρ = kA and the scalar of expansion is proportional to the shear scalar θ ∝ σ, which leads to a relation between metric potentials B = mC^n. The physical and geometric aspects of the model are also discussed. The model describes a shearing non-rotating continuously expanding universe with a big-bang start. In the absence of magnetic field, it reduces to the string model with bulk viscosity that was previously given in the literature.     

大自然为什么选择磷主导生命

磷酸单酯和双酯被漫长的进化过程选择为生命体的核心.磷酸酯功能的多样性需要磷酰基转移酶不断地进化来实现.现今磷酰基转移酶的催化机制已经得到了广泛研究.通过高分辨X射线晶体衍射技术(X-ray)与19FNMR的联用,来研究磷酰基转移酶的金属氟化物过渡态类似物,可以从原子层面上阐述磷酰基转移的机理.该催化机理充分地解释了磷酸酯的一对相互"矛盾"的性质,即磷酸酯结构的极其稳定性与磷酰基在信号传导过程中的灵活可调性.通过对元素周期表中其他元素的含氧酸根及其酯的性质的研究,目前还无法找出一个更加合适的元素来替代磷的这些重要功能,因而这些证据都支持了Todd的说法:"哪里有生命,哪里就一定有磷".