应用化学势曲线对气液相平衡和质量转移问题的分析

提出应用化学势与压强的关系曲线分析曲面气液两相的相平衡及物质质量转移问题的方法.通过曲线描述,提供了关于相平衡、弯曲液面饱和蒸气压以及蒸发、凝结等规律比较直观的物理图像.     

Theoretical analysis on capillary adhesion of microsized plates with a substrate

The stiction of a thin plate induced by the capillary force has attracted much attention in the broad range of applications. A novel method is presented to calculate the capillary adhesion problem of the plate through analytical method. The expressions of the surface energy, the strain energy and the total potential energy of the plate-substrate system have been analyzed and delineated. By means of continuum mechanics and the principle of minimum potential energy, the governing equation of the plate with an arbitrary shape and the corresponding transversality boundary condition due to the moving bound have been derived. Then the critical adhesion radius of the circular plate has been solved according to the supplementary transversality condition. Thus the deflections of the plates are analytically calculated with different critical adhesion radii. The results may be beneficial to the engineering application and the micro/nanomeasurement.     

旋转圆盘表面油膜破碎转捩临界特性分析

高速滚动轴承内圈和保持架等旋转运动件表面润滑油膜的流动铺展以及破碎为油带和油矢的特性决定着轴承的润滑与冷却状态.在获得轴承旋转运动件拓扑结构—旋转圆盘表面油膜稳态流动特性的基础上,利用力学平衡和液体表面波不稳定破碎理论,建立表面油膜破碎转捩为油带和油矢的临界特性分析模型,分析和探讨了表面油膜的稳态流动特性以及供油量和润滑油物理特征参数对油膜破碎转捩临界特性的影响.结果表明:表面油膜沿着圆盘径向逐渐变薄,因与圆盘表面存在滑移现象,其流动速度也随之减小;表面油膜破碎的临界波数和临界半径随着圆盘转速的增高而增大,临界厚度则随之减小;表面油膜破碎的临界半径和临界厚度随着润滑油供油量的增加而增大;增大润滑油密度,将延缓表面油膜破碎,破碎临界半径增大,临界厚度减小;增大润滑油的黏度和表面张力系数将促进表面油膜破碎,破碎临界半径减小.与相关的试验结果对比验证了理论分析方法的正确性和可靠性.     

静磁场对冰晶成核过程影响的机理分析

常规的冷冻方式会在材料中形成大冰晶从而导致材料品质下降,在冷冻过程中加以磁场辅助可以改善冻结效果。从热力学原理出发,研究静磁场对冰晶成核过程的影响,将静磁场作用以附加自由能引入冰晶成核过程。研究结果表明,静磁场作用可以减小冰晶成核的临界半径和临界功,提高均相成核率,且磁场强度越大,临界半径和临界功越小,成核率越高;水的附加过冷度也随磁场强度的增大而增大,与相关实验数据趋势吻合较好。     

滴状冷凝中液滴的内外压差及临界半径

用热力学方法证明了壁面上球冠形液滴的内外压差同样遵循经典的Laplace方程,并用力学方法给予了验证.液滴的内外压差与固液接触角无关,只取决于液体的表面张力和液滴半径;液滴的临界半径也与接触角无关,其值可用经典的Kalvin公式计算 关键词： 滴状冷凝 液滴 压差 临界半径     

低温环境下水平铜表面液滴冻结的实验研究

本文实验研究了低温受迫对流条件下空气参数对水平冷表面上液滴冻结的影响。冷表面温度分别为-15.5℃和-19.5℃,空气温度变化范围为-6～8.5℃,相对湿度变化范围为50%～80%,空气流速变化范围为1.0～9.0 m/s。结果表明,冷表面上液滴冻结的时间随冷面温度的升高而增加,随空气相对湿度的升高而减小。另外,空气温度和流速对冷表面液滴冻结也有较大的影响,随着空气温度和流速的增加,液滴冻结时间先减小后增大。     

具有非负Ricci曲率的且满足大体积增长条件的开流形

In this paper, we prove that if M is an open manifold with nonnegative Ricci curvature and large volume growth, positive critical radius, then sup Cp=∞.p∈M As an application, we give a theorem which supports strongly Petersen‘s conjecture.     

不同缺陷对周期螺旋波的影响

研究了不同单个圆形缺陷对周期螺旋波的影响。数值模拟发现,如果缺陷中心不变,那么,它对周期螺旋波的影响存在两个临界半径rd1和rd2。当缺陷半径rd=rd1时,波头的最终运动轨迹会发生远离缺陷的幅度较大的漂移;当rd=rd2时,波头在缺陷产生后经过一段时间的演化会消失。数值模拟同时发现,rd1和缺陷中心到波头中心的距离d一一对应;同样,rd2也和d一一对应,且都随d线性增大。     

Critical radius and dipole polarizability for a confined system

The analytical transfer matrix method (ATMM) is applied to calculating the critical radius $r_{\rm c}$ and the dipole polarizability $\alpha_{\rm d}$ in two confined systems: the hydrogen atom and the Hulth\'{e}n potential. We find that there exists a linear relation between $r_{\rm c}^{1/2}$ and the quantum number $n_{r}$ for a fixed angular quantum number $l$, moreover, the three bounds of $\alpha_{\rm d}$ ($\alpha_{\rm d}^{K}$, $\alpha_{\rm d}^{B}$, $\alpha_{\rm d}^{U}$) satisfy an inequality: $\alpha_{\rm d}^{K}\leq\alpha_{\rm d}^{B}\leq\alpha_{\rm d}^{U}$. A comparison between the ATMM, the exact numerical analysis, and the variational wavefunctions shows that our method works very well in the systems.     

气泡微液底层蒸干特性分析

本文从气泡微液底层的流动特性出发，利用Ｈａｌｌｉｎａｎ和Ｅｒｖｉｎ模型对微层蒸干的Ｓｔｒａｕｂ判据进行了理论分析，证实了临界蒸干半径与湿润性有关，同时指出微层蒸发中起关键作用的是膨胀压力而不是表面张力梯度。