超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法测定豆类中的硒代蛋氨酸

该研究利用超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC/ESI-Q-Orbitrap)技术,对硒代蛋氨酸(SeMet)的色谱信息、分子离子质荷比和碎裂片段的质荷比进行采集,并对特征离子碎裂途径进行解析,建立了豆类中硒代蛋氨酸的检测方法。样品用三羟甲基氨基甲烷-盐酸(Tris-HCl)缓冲溶液溶解后,涡旋混匀,超声提取,在恒温水浴条件下酶解,离心后取上清液过0.22μm滤膜后上机检测。采用Hypersil GOLD HILIC(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.9μm)色谱柱进行分离,以0.2%(体积分数,下同)甲酸6 mmol/L甲酸铵水溶液和0.2%甲酸6 mmol/L甲酸铵乙腈溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子模式电离,在全扫描/数据依赖扫描模式(Full MS/dd-MS2)下进行检测,基质匹配标准校正法定量。结果表明,硒代蛋氨酸的基质效应为15.75%,在0.05~0.5 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r²)为0.9976,方法检出限(LOD)为0.015 mg/kg,定量下限(LOQ)为0.05 mg/kg;空白样品在0.1、0.2、0.4 mg/kg 3个加标水平下的平均回收率为77.6%~83.2%,日内相对标准偏差(RSDr)为2.8%~4.8%,日间相对标准偏差(RSD_R)为4.1%~6.5%。将方法应用于实际样品的检测,得富硒黑豆、富硒红豆、富硒绿豆中硒代蛋氨酸的含量分别为0.252、0.163、0.184 mg/kg。该方法具有前处理操作简单、结果准确、重复性好等优点,适用于豆类中硒代蛋氨酸的检测。     

Raman scattering investigation of selenomethionine replacement in protein SOUL crystals

The vibrational properties of both wild‐type and selenomethionine (SeMet)‐substituted protein SOUL crystals have been investigated here by Raman spectroscopy. Several Raman peaks observed in the spectra of methionine and SeMet were identified as specific markers. The unambiguous assignment of these peaks has been inferred by comparing the experimental Raman spectra of the pure amino acids, recorded in solid state and in aqueous solution, and the Raman intensities computed using quantum chemical calculations. Moreover, a quantitative evaluation of the relative amount of SeMet replacement in the crystals of protein SOUL labelled with SeMet has been estimated through the ratio between the Raman intensities of marker peaks. These results offer evidence of the potential of Raman microscopy as a reliable and non‐invasive tool for novel in‐depth structural investigations in biocrystallography. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Validated high-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of selenomethionine using isothiocyanate based chiral derivatizing reagents

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for enantioseparation of selenomethionine (SeMet) was developed using two isothiocyanate-based chiral derivatizing reagents [(R)-methyl benzyl isothiocyanate (MBIC) and (S)-1-(1-naphthyl) ethyl isothiocyanate (NEIC)] and UV detection. Diastereomers of selenomethionine were synthesized either via stirring (using MBIC) or by microwave irradiation (using NEIC). Derivatization conditions were optimized and the synthesized diastereomers were successfully resolved using triethyl ammonium phosphate buffer and acetonitrile on a reversed-phase column. The method was validated for accuracy, precision and limit of detection. The mechanism of separation is also discussed.     

硒代胱氨酸和硒代蛋氨酸电化学检测的比较

对硒代胱氨酸 (SeCys)和硒代蛋氨酸 (SeMet)在银电极上的电化学性质、电极反应机理及检测灵敏度等方面进行比较研究。实验表明 ,两者在pH9.5的硼砂 氢氧化钠介质中 ,于 -0 .62V和 -0 .68V(vs.SCE)处均存在一对氧化还原峰 ,电化学行为相似 ,两者具有良好的线性范围和低检出限 ,SeMet比SeCys具有更高的检测灵敏度。在相同的实验条件下 ,比较了含硫氨基酸与含硒氨基酸的电化学响应 ,含硫氨基酸的检测灵敏度远低于含硒氨基酸     

Loss of selenium in water samples at natural levels during storage

Selenium losses in river, ground, snow-melt and tap water samples, and the recovery of selenite, selenate and selenomethionine added to purified water have been studied. In 1-litre high-density polyethylene bottles, tap, river and snow-melt water samples (at Se concentrations of 44.5–138 ng/l) could be stored at 4 °C for up to 15 days without Se losses. In similar samples stored at room temperature Se losses of 13–25% after 15 days were found, except for groundwater, which showed no Se losses during storage for 13 months at room temperature or at 4 °C. Selenite and selenate added to purified water were recovered without losses after 15 days at 4 °C, while 7.5% of selenomethionine was lost. The stability of different chemical forms of Se during storage followed the order: selenate > selenomethionine > selenite. It is recommended that unacidified water samples should not be kept in polyethylene bottles at room temperature for more than 1 week, nor stored at 4 °C for more than 2 weeks, before analysis for Se.     

Application of optically pure amines as chiral auxiliaries to develop trichloro‐s‐triazine‐based new chiral derivatizing reagents for reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of dl‐selenomethionine

(R)‐(+)‐naphthylethyl amine and (S)‐(+)‐1‐benzyl‐3‐aminopyrrolidine were incorporated as chiral auxiliaries, by nucleophilic substitution of chlorine atoms, in cyanuric chloride (CC) or its 6‐butoxy derivative. There were obtained four new chiral derivatizing reagents (CDRs) as two dichloro and two monochloro triazine reagents. The CDRs so obtained were characterized and their optical purity was ascertained. Diastereomers of dl ‐selenomethionine were synthesized under microwave irradiation for 60 or 90 s (at 80% power of 800 W). Reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatographic separation of diastereomers was carried out on a C₁₈ column using mixtures of acetonitrile with aqueous trifluoroacetic acid as mobile phase. The detection was made at 230 nm using a photodiode array detector. The separation behaviors in terms of retention times and resolutions were compared. The separation method was validated for limit of detection, linearity, accuracy, precision, and recovery. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pretreatment procedure for selenium speciation in shellfish using high‐performance liquid chromatography–microwave‐assisted digestion–hydride generation‐atomic fluorescence spectrometry

A pretreatment procedure based on an enzymatic hydrolysis extraction followed by a two‐step clean‐up has been performed for selenium speciation in shellfish samples. Bivalve samples were extracted with protease XIV, lipase VII and protease VIII. By using a protease VIII–lipase VII mixture, quantitative recoveries were obtained for all the selenium species, except for selenocystine (59%). Owing to the complexity of the matrix, clean‐up procedures were required to remove interferents that affected the chromatographic separation. The extracts were first partitioned in dichloromethane and then passed through a column with aminopropylsilane. Speciation of selenocystine, selenomethionine, selenoethionine, selenite and selenate was obtained using a high‐performance liquid chromatography–microwave‐assisted digestion–hydride generation‐atomic fluorescence spectrometry coupling. The chromatographic system consisted of an anion exchange and a reversed‐phase column, both connected through a six‐port switching valve. On‐line microwave‐assisted digestion and hydride generation steps were performed prior to atomic fluorescence detection. The method was applied to clam and prawn samples collected from the southwest coast of Spain. Copyright­© 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Method development and validation for the analysis of a new anti-cancer infusion solution via HPLC

A fast and simple HPLC method has been developed and validated for the quantification of a completely new anti-cancer drug during the manufacturing process. The combination of four compounds including α-ketoglutaric acid, hydroxymethylfurfural, N-acetyl-L-methionine and N-acetyl-L-selenomethionine, administered intravenously, is still in test phase but has already shown promising results in cancer therapy. HPLC separation was achieved on an RP-18 column with a gradient system. However, the highly different concentrations of the compounds required a variation in the detection wavelength within one run. In order to produce a chromatogram where peaks were comparable on a similar range scale, detection at absorption maxima for the two most concentrated components was avoided. After optimization of the gradient program it was possible to detect all four substances within 14 min in spite of their strongly different chemical structure. The method developed was validated for accuracy, repeatability, reproducibility and robustness in relation to temperature and pH of buffer. Linearity as well as the limit of detection and quantification were determined. This HPLC method was found to be precise, accurate and reproducible and can be easily used for in-line process control during the manufacture of the anti-tumour infusion solution.     

Analytical Problems in Separation of Selenomethionine and Its Oxidative Product in HILIC HPLC

Selenomethionine (SeMet) is one of the main selenium forms in foods and supplements. Determining its presence in natural food samples creates difficulties due to possible oxidation processes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible degradation of SeMet in water extracts of green teas, one of the most consumed beverages worldwide. Such a medium has not been investigated at this time. The HILIC-HPLC MS/MS method with different stationary phases was used to achieve the satisfactory separation of SeMet and selenomethionine oxide (SeMetO). The addition of dithiothreitol and β-mercaptoethanol, recommended to ensure that SeMet is kept in the reduced form, was also evaluated. The best separation was achieved using the zwitterionic HILIC stationary phase coupled to mass spectrometry and MeOH with water (85/15, v/v) as the eluent. Extraction was done with hot water with the addition of β-mercaptoethanol. The infusions prepared from Lung-Ching teas (from the Zhejiang Province in China) contained the highest concentration of selenium in a typical cup of tea (12.5–17.3 µg L⁻¹). For other tested teas it decreased in the following order: Yunnan > Dilmah > Lipton. For Lung-Ching teas, the sum of concentrations of SeMet and SeMetO corresponded to about 46–63% of the total selenium in their extracts.     

Syntheses,characterization and biological studies of zinc(II), copper(II) and cobalt(II) complexes with Schiff base ligand derived from 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthaldehyde and selenomethionine

Novel zinc(II), copper(II), and cobalt(II) complexes of the Schiff base derived from 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthaldehyde and D, L ‐selenomethionine were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, electronic spectra, conductance measurements, magnetic measurements and powder XRD. The analytical data showed the composition of the metal complex to be ML(H₂O), where L is the Schiff base ligand and M = Co(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II). IR results confirmed the tridentate binding of the Schiff base ligand involving azomethine nitrogen, naphthol oxygen and carboxylato oxygen atoms. ¹H NMR spectral data of lithium salt of the Schiff base ligand [Li(HL)] and ZnL(H₂O) agreed with the proposed structures. The conductivity values of complexes between 12.50 and 15.45 S cm² mol^?1 in DMF suggested the presence of non‐electrolyte species. The powder XRD studies indicated that Co(II) complex is amorphous, whereas Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes are crystalline. The results of antibacterial and antifungal screening studies indicated that Li(HL) and its metal complexes are active, but CuL(H₂O) is most active among them. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.