中红外光谱结合向量夹角直接定量三氯蔗糖

多组分复杂体系的红外光谱由于成分多样、谱带严重重叠、背景干扰等导致谱图特征减弱,且体系中的红外光谱往往不是各组分光谱的简单叠加,需要借助于化学计量学技术以实现解析。基于朗伯-比尔定律（Lambert-Beer law）并且随着衰减全反射（ATR）技术取样普及,结合偏最小二乘回归法（PLS）、人工神经网络（artificial neural network, ANN）等化学计量法将数据进行累积、特征提取以及校正建模等工作解决红外光谱中严重重叠和非线性等问题,再采用二次测量定量分析已初步具有应用成效,而有效增强信息量表达,降低背景、噪声干扰,减少复杂的计算过程,进而保证定量分析结果的可靠性,则成为研究的主要方向。通过讨论光通道和背景对光谱强度变化的影响,结合向量角度转换提出一种新的近似线性定量方法。经初步理论计算,发现多组分混合物与该混合物中待测组分的相对含量二者间的向量夹角值存在一定的关系,而该关系并不受批次制样的影响,进一步通过高斯曲线模拟混合信号,充分说明选择合适的波长范围,二者在一定范围内存在线性相关性,相关性不受测量条件变化的影响。采用KBr压片法,向待测样品中逐步加入待测组分得到混合样本,分别得到待测组分光谱与混合样本光谱信号,先将其进行一阶求导,消除加性误差后,再将其转化为空间向量角度,消除批次制样中光程差异,再以百分比定义待测物样品的含量,所得到混合样的夹角值与其中所含参照品含量成简单线性关系,即以计算结果夹角值与含量作标准曲线,实现定量分析。本测量方法用于三氯蔗糖（Sucralose, TGS）与三氯蔗糖-6-乙酸酯（4,1,6-trichloro sucrose-6-acetate, TGS-6-A）二者进行一定比例混合（双组分体系）,以及TGS-6-A的脱酰产物（多组分体系）中的TGS的含量定量分析,在两种体系中定量均得到令人满意的结果,所建立标准曲线的相关系数r均达到0.995 0以上,相对误差均低于8.0%,所建立的分析方法对利用中红外透射光谱分析研究多组分样品具有重要的参考价值。     

Experimental design-based development and single laboratory validation of a capillary zone electrophoresis method for the determination of the artificial sweetener sucralose in food matrices

A capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method, optimised chemometrically, underwent a complete in-house validation protocol for the qualification and quantification of sucralose in various foodstuffs. Separation from matrix components was obtained in a dinitrobenzoic acid (3 mM)/sodium hydroxide (20 mM) background electrolyte with a pH of 12.1, a potential of 0.11 kV cm^–1 and a temperature of 22 °C. Detection was achieved at 238 nm by indirect UV. Screening, optimisation and robustness testing were all carried out with the aid of experimental design. Using standard addition calibration, the CZE method has been applied to still, carbonated and alcoholic beverages, yoghurts and hard-boiled candy. The method allows the detection of sucralose at >30 mg kg^–1, with a linearity range of 50–500 mg kg^–1, making it suitable for implementation of the recently amended Sweeteners for use in foodstuffs Directive (European Parliament and Council (2003) Off J L237:3–12), which set maximum usable doses of sucralose for many foodstuffs, most ranging from 200 mg kg^–1 to 450 mg kg^–1.     

顶空气相色谱法测定三氯蔗糖中的有机溶剂残留

建立了顶空气相色谱法(HSGC)同时测定三氯蔗糖中甲醇、乙酸乙酯和乙酸丁酯残留量的分析方法。用Angilent Innowax毛细柱,程序升温,FID检测器,以保留时间定性,外标法定量,探讨了盐溶液、相比、平衡温度、平衡时间和振荡幅度等因素对测定结果的影响。结果表明,以100 g/L NaCl溶液为溶解液,取1mL溶液于20 mL顶空瓶中,平衡温度为80℃,平衡时间为15 min,振荡幅度低的条件下,该方法线性关系良好,3种物质线性方程的相关系数r在0.9999~1之间;方法精密度RSD(n=6)小于2.0%。三氯蔗糖样品的加标平均回收率均在95%以上。     

柱后补偿-液相色谱-电喷雾式检测器测定饮料中的三氯蔗糖

A method was developed for the determination of sucralose in soft drink by liquid chromatography ( LC) tandem a charged aerosol detector( CAD) with post column compensation. The results showed that the...     

薄层色谱法在三氯蔗糖合成控制中的应用

本文采用薄层层析法对三氯蔗糖合成过程中所涉及的反应物进行分离分析，通过洗择优化展开体系，有效地分离了蔗糖及其酯类衍生物，并实现了蔗糖乙酸酯同分异构体的分离，较为直观地指示了反应进程。     

Analysis of sucralose and other sweeteners in water and beverage samples by liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry

A methodology for the chromatographic separation and analysis of three of the most popular artificial sweeteners (aspartame, saccharin, and sucralose) in water and beverage samples was developed using liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/TOF-MS). The sweeteners were extracted from water samples using solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. Furthermore, several beverages were analyzed by a rapid and simple method without SPE, and the presence of the sweeteners was confirmed by accurate mass measurements below 2-ppm error. The unambiguous confirmation of the compounds was based on accurate mass measurements of the protonated molecules [M+H]⁺, their sodium adducts and their main fragment ions. Quantitation was carried out using matrix-matched standard calibration and linearity of response over 2 orders of magnitude was demonstrated (r > 0.99). A detailed fragmentation study for sucralose was carried out by time-of-flight and a characteristic spectrum fingerprint pattern was obtained for the presence of this compound in water samples. Finally, the analysis of several wastewater, surface water and groundwater samples from the US showed that sucralose can be found in the aquatic environment at concentrations up to 2.4 μg/L, thus providing a good indication of wastewater input from beverage sources.     

Sucralose screening in European surface waters using a solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method

An analytical method was developed for the analysis of sucralose, a persistent chlorinated calorie-free sugar substitute, in surface waters. The method is based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) of 400 mL water using Oasis HLB (Waters) adsorber material, followed by negative electrospray ionization (ESI) triple quadrupole LC–MS–MS detection. Quantification was performed by external calibration, as well as by isotope dilution with deuterated sucralose d6 internal standard. Extraction with Oasis HLB, a polymeric adsorbent suited for polar compounds, was much more efficient at neutral pH than at pH 3; a recovery of 62 ± 9% (n = 6; determined at 1 μg/L) could be achieved. Strong ion suppression caused by matrix substances was observed for sucralose in the SPE extracts. The analysis of 120 river surface water samples from 27 European countries showed that sucralose, which is in use in Europe since beginning 2005, can be found in the aquatic environment, at concentrations up to 1 μg/L. Sucralose was predominately found in samples from the UK, Belgium, the Netherlands, France, Switzerland, Spain, Italy, Norway, and Sweden, suggesting an increased use of the substance in Western Europe.     

三氯蔗糖的合成方法

本文综述了强力甜味剂三氯蔗糖的主要合成方法。参考文献14篇。     

Analysis and occurrence of seven artificial sweeteners in German waste water and surface water and in soil aquifer treatment (SAT)

A method for the simultaneous determination of seven commonly used artificial sweeteners in water is presented. The analytes were extracted by solid phase extraction using Bakerbond SDB 1 cartridges at pH 3 and analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in negative ionization mode. Ionization was enhanced by post-column addition of the alkaline modifier Tris(hydroxymethyl)amino methane. Except for aspartame and neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, recoveries were higher than 75% in potable water with comparable results for surface water. Matrix effects due to reduced extraction yields in undiluted waste water were negligible for aspartame and neotame but considerable for the other compounds. The widespread distribution of acesulfame, saccharin, cyclamate, and sucralose in the aquatic environment could be proven. Concentrations in two influents of German sewage treatment plants (STPs) were up to 190 μg/L for cyclamate, about 40 μg/L for acesulfame and saccharin, and less than 1 μg/L for sucralose. Removal in the STPs was limited for acesulfame and sucralose and >94% for saccharin and cyclamate. The persistence of some artificial sweeteners during soil aquifer treatment was demonstrated and confirmed their environmental relevance. The use of sucralose and acesulfame as tracers for anthropogenic contamination is conceivable. In German surface waters, acesulfame was the predominant artificial sweetener with concentrations exceeding 2 μg/L. Other sweeteners were detected up to several hundred nanograms per liter in the order saccharin ≈ cyclamate > sucralose. Figure Some artificial sweeteners are excreted unchanged and in particular acesulfame is a perfect tracer for municipal waste water Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.