Setting local rank constraints by orthogonal projections for image resolution analysis: Application to the determination of a low dose pharmaceutical compound

Raman chemical imaging provides chemical and spatial information about pharmaceutical drug product. By using resolution methods on acquired spectra, the objective is to calculate pure spectra and distribution maps of image compounds. With multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares, constraints are used to improve the performance of the resolution and to decrease the ambiguity linked to the final solution. Non negativity and spatial local rank constraints have been identified as the most powerful constraints to be used.     

Molecular structure,vibrational spectroscopic and chemical reactivity of nematogenic p-n-alkylbenzoic acids: A comparative computational analysis

Molecular structure and vibrational spectroscopic studies of higher homologous series nematogenic p-n-alkylbenzoic acids (nBAC) that have 6 (6BAC) and 7 (7BAC) carbon atoms in the alkyl chain have been investigated using the Density Functional Becke3-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) level with the basis set 6-31++G (d.p) and Hartree Fock (HF) with the same basis set. The observed vibrational spectra has been resolved and assigned in detail for comparision with both the molecules. These results indicate that DFT and HF values are slightly different at both the levels. A comparision of chemical reactivity such as HOMO (E_H), LUMO (E_L) energies, energy gap (E_g), ionization energy (I), electron affinity (A), electro negativity (χ), chemical hardness (η), electronic chemical potential (μ), electrophilicity index (ω), and softness (S) has been made. It has been observed that the decrement has occurred in the energy band gap value of isolated molecule with increment in alkyl chain length. This provides valuable information regarding enhancing the stability of liquid crystal materials by maintaining the conductivity.     

Gas-phase 21Ne NMR studies and the nuclear magnetic dipole moment of neon-21

Gas-phase ²¹Ne nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were measured at the natural abundance of ²¹Ne isotope for samples consisting of pressurized neon up to 60 bar at room temperature and applying the magnetic field of the strength B₀ = 11.7574 T. It showed that the nuclear magnetic resonance frequency is linearly dependent on the density of gaseous neon. The resonance frequency was extrapolated to the zero-density point, and it permitted the determination of the ²¹Ne nuclear magnetic moment, μ(²¹Ne) = 0.6617774(10) μ_N. The present value of μ(²¹Ne) is not influenced by the bulk magnetic susceptibility of neon and interactions between neon atoms; therefore, it is more precise and reliable than the previous result obtained for μ(²¹Ne).     

焦炉上升管内壁结焦炭层的光谱学分析及结焦机理研究

以焦炉上升管内壁结焦炭层块为研究对象，采用X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、傅里叶红外光谱仪（FTIR）和激光共聚焦拉曼光谱仪（Raman）对结焦炭层的元素组成，以及各结焦炭层的矿物组成、组成结构和分子结构进行测试。分析从结焦炭层块外表面向内表面过渡的各结焦炭层的差异性，揭示焦炉上升管内壁结焦机理。结果表明焦炉上升管内粉尘中Fe，S和Cr极易催化荒煤气中蒽、萘等稠环芳烃化合物成炭，在焦炉上升管内壁形成炭颗粒沉积，为焦油凝结挂壁提供载体，在荒煤气温度降至结焦温度时易结焦积碳。结焦炭层均含有芳香层结构，随着结焦炭层从外表面向内表面过渡，各结焦炭层的面层间距(d₀₀₂)逐渐降低、层片直径(L_a)先降低后增加、层片堆砌高度(Lc)和芳香层数(N)先稳定后增加。结焦炭层石墨化过程是由结焦炭层内表面向外表面进行，主要包括其片层外缘的羧基和部分C-O结构的降解剥离，从而形成高度规整的共轭结构。结焦炭层块中C元素是以结晶碳与无定型碳的混合物形式存在。以上研究为解决焦炉上升管内壁结焦及腐蚀问题，提高换热器换热效率，有效回收焦炉荒煤气显热，降低焦化企业能耗提供实验基础和理论依据。     

Revealing and comparing different excited-state intramolecular proton transfer processes for 3-(4-dimethylamino-phenyl)-1-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-propenone and 3-(4-dimethylamino-phenyl)-1-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-propenon

Two novel 2′-hydroxychalcone derivatives (i.e., M1 and M2) are explored in this work. We mainly focus on investigating the effects of photoexcitation on hydrogen bonds and on the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process. On the basis of calculations of electrostatic potential surface and intramolecular interactions, we verify the formation of hydrogen bond O1 H2···O3 in both S₀ and S₁ states. Exploring the ultraviolet–visible spectra in the liquid phase, our simulated results reappear in the experimental phenomenon. Analyzing molecular geometry and infrared stretching vibrational spectra, we confirm O1 H2···O3 is strengthened for both M1 and M2 in the S₁ state. We further confirm that charge redistribution facilitates ESIPT tendency. Constructing potential energy curves, we find the ultrafast ESIPT behavior for M1, which is because of the deficiency of side hydroxyl moiety comparing with M2. This work makes a reasonable affiliation of the ESIPT mechanism for M1 and M2. We wish this paper could facilitate understanding these two novel systems and promote their applications.     

Spectra and Transport in Almost Periodic Dimers

We study spectral properties of discrete Schrödinger operators with potentials obtained via dimerization of a class of aperiodic sequences. It is shown that both the nature of the autocorrelation measure of a regular sequence and the presence of generic (full probability) singular continuous spectrum in the hull of primitive and palindromic (four block substitution) potentials are robust under dimerization. Generic results also hold for circle potentials. We illustrate these results with numerical studies of the quantum mean square displacement as a function of time. The numerical techniques provide a very fast algorithm for the time evolution of wave packets.     

胆绿素及其铜配合物的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

本文研究了胆绿素的表面增强拉曼光谱。结果表明，在溶液酸度不同时，拉曼光谱特征频率的变化表现出胆绿素的质子化。铜离子与胆绿素的相互作用实验结果说明金属铜离子可与胆绿素生成金属配合物。     

基于硅波导的喇曼光放大器

在硅波导上添加反向偏压的PIN结构,当波导产生受激喇曼散射时,可以将波导中双光子吸收(TPA)产生的光生自由载流子扫出波导,降低了波导的非线性损失,极大地提高了硅波导中泵浦光对信号光的喇曼增益。为了应用已经非常成熟的硅工艺,并且应用硅波导使器件小型化,根据法布里-帕罗(F-P)腔和行波放大器理论,在硅波导两端的解理面蒸镀增透膜,应用这种波导的喇曼效应设计了一种光放大器,即基于硅波导的喇曼光放大器。建立了计算放大器增益的方程,给出了不同波导长度和输入功率情况下的放大器增益,得出适当增加波导长度和泵浦光功率可以得到较高喇曼增益的结论。基于硅的光放大器有较高的饱和功率且没有泵浦源的限制,通过调整泵浦激光的波长可以放大不同波长的信号光。     

355nm Nd∶YAG激光在H_2中的高效一级斯托克斯转换

对脉冲Nd∶YAG激光(355 nm)在H2和H2∶He-Ar混合气体中的受激拉曼散射(SRS)进行了研究。在0.5 MPa的氢气中,同时测量到从二级反斯托克斯到三级斯托克斯的多波长输出,其总转化效率达88%;而高压下只剩下一级和二级斯托克斯输出,其中二级斯托克斯最大能量转化效率达44%(对应量子效率为63%)。由于高级斯托克斯的竞争,纯氢气中一级斯托克斯的最大能量转换效率不超过43%。通过向3 MPa氢气中掺入2 MPaAr气后,很好地抑制了二级斯托克斯的产生,从而获得了能量转换效率高达71%(对应量子效率为83%)的一级斯托克斯输出。对四波混频和级联受激拉曼散射在氢气多级斯托克斯产生中的作用以及惰性气体对它们的影响进行了讨论。