Dynamical significance in alkali metasilicate glasses

In this work, we elucidate the effect of the less mobile ions on the dynamics of the more mobile ions by molecular dynamics simulations of lithium ions motion in lithium metasilicate glass by freezing some randomly chosen lithium ions (5%, 10% and 25%) at their initial locations at 700 K. A remarkable slowing down of the dynamics of the majority mobile Li ions was observed both in the self-part of the density–density correlation function, F_s(k,t), and in the diffusion coefficients. On the other hand, there is no significant change in the structure. These results show many similarities to the mixed alkali effect (MAE) with mixing of the small content of foreign alkali (10% and 25% of K₂O), where large reduction of the dynamics was also observed in both experiments and MD simulations. This immobilization of faster ions causes the large MAE as already discussed in relation to the mechanism of the cooperative ion jump motions. Although of lesser importance, the ion dynamics are influenced by the matrix of oxygen atoms, because the jump motions of Li ions are assisted by the localized motions of oxygen atoms.     

氘代聚合物膜靶制备技术与性能研究

 氘代聚合物膜是快点火基础物理实验的一种重要靶型。通过氘代苯乙烯单体的本体自由基聚合反应制备氘代聚苯乙烯，并利用流延法和浇铸法制备出厚度从几十nm到数百μm的膜靶。溶剂挥发过程中的随机扰动对膜厚均匀性造成影响，采用清洁的基片和在涂沫基片或模具外加防护罩可以降低这种影响。采用PVA作脱膜剂有利于获得较薄的聚合物薄膜。DSC分析表明薄膜的玻璃化转变温度与热处理过程有关，缓慢退火有利于提高Ｔ-g和储能模量。     

Evolution of Er^3＋ Distribution in the Oxyfluoride Glass Ceramics with Heating

The distribution characteristics of Er3+ ions doped in the oxyfluoride glass ceramics containing LaF3 nanocrystals heat-treated at 650 ℃ for different durations were investigated. The results of the integral absorption cross-section analysis demonstrated that the partition fraction of Er3+ in LaF3 nanocrystals increases with prolonging of heating time. The anomalous phenomena of Er3+ emissions in the up-and the down-conversion fluorescence spectra are well explained based on the calculated results.     

Hardware components wastes pyrolysis: energy recovery and liquid fraction valorisation

Pyrolysis of hardware components wastes consisting mainly in computers and television components was performed under nitrogen. The degradation products were separated in three fractions, solid, liquid and gaseous. Analyses of the three phases were carried out using gas chromatography (GC), mass spectrometry (MS), thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The energetic content of the gas phase and the economic value of the liquid phase were also determined. The gas fraction produced was rich in light hydrocarbons and hydrogen. Consequently, its calorific value was high and widely sufficient to make the pyrolysis process self-sustained. The main products of the liquid phase were phenol and isopropylphenol (ca. 50–80 wt.%). The presence of Br-based compounds, deriving from the flame retardant employed in hardware components, were also detected. A controlled combustion of the solid phase permitted to obtain the glass fibres unaltered, which can be recycled.     

Organic–inorganic nanocomposites prepared from fluoro-aramid and silica

Fluoro-aramid-based sol/gel-derived nanocomposites were synthesized by condensing a mixture of 4,4′-(hexafluoro-isopropylidene)dianiline and 1,3-phenylenediamine with terephthaloylchloride (TPC) in dimethylacetamide. TPC was added in slight excess to produce amide chains with carbonyl chloride end groups and then replaced with alkoxy groups using aminophenyltrimethoxysilane to develop bonding with the silica network. Mechanical, dynamic mechanical thermal, water absorption and morphological measurements were carried out on the thin hybrid films. Increase in the tensile strength and modulus was observed as compared to pristine polyamide. The thermal decomposition temperature was found in the range of 400–500 °C. The water absorption was found to be reduced with higher silica content. The glass transition temperature and the storage moduli increased with increasing silica concentration. The maximum increase in the T _g value (345 °C) was observed with 20 wt% silica. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the uniform distribution of silica in the matrix with an average particle size ranging from 8 to 50 nm.     

玻璃基质微流控芯片用于DNA片段的分离和C677T基因突变的快速检测

基于微加工方法,在一般实验条件下,成功地制备了玻璃芯片。利用水溶性聚合物对玻璃通道进行动态修饰,从而抑制了DNA分子的吸附作用,并成功地用于DNA片段的分离和四氢叶酸还原酶基因(MTHFR)中C677T的突变检测。     

Effect of ionic strength on the formal potential of the glass electrode in various saline media

We examined the variation with ionic strength (I, adjusted with KCl, KNO₃, KBr, NaCl or NaClO₄) of the formal potential (E_const) for glass electrodes exhibiting a Nernstian response (i.e. E_cell=E_const−s log [H⁺]). For this purpose, we investigated the different factors included in the formal potential, so we obtained reported values for the liquid junction potential as a function of ionic strength and determined the logarithm of the activity coefficient for the proton in various saline media, using Pitzer equations.     

X射线荧光光谱法分析玻璃纤维中主、次量元素成分

采用粉末压片-波长色散X射线荧光光谱法分析了中碱及无碱玻璃纤维中硅、铝、钙、镁、铁、钛、钾、钠、砷、氟等10种主、次量元素成分含量。以6个标准样品并结合两个参考样品建立校准曲线，采用DeJongh模式方程有效校正玻璃基体中元素间的吸收增强效应和重叠效应。该方法测定10个元素的精密度和准确度均较好，其相对标准偏差在0．35％～2．86％之间，对实际样品的分析结果与化学法相吻合，可应用于玻璃纤维中多元素成分的快速分析。     

Measurement and modeling of the glass transition temperatures of multi-component solutions

Protein crystals are usually grown in multi-component aqueous solutions containing salts, buffers and other additives. To measure the X-ray diffraction data of the crystal, crystals are rapidly lowered to cryogenic temperatures. On flash cooling, ice frequently forms affecting the integrity of the sample. In order to eliminate this effect, substances called cryoprotectants are added to produce a glassy (vitrified) state rather than ice. Heretofore, the quantity of cryoprotectant needed to vitrify the sample has largely been established by trial and error. In this study, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to measure the melting (T_m), devitrification (T_d) and glass transition (T_g) temperatures of solutions with a range of compositions typical of those used for growing protein crystals, with the addition of glycerol as cryoprotectant. The addition of cryoprotectant raises the T_g and lowers the T_m of bulk solution thereby decreasing the cooling rates required for vitrification of protein crystals. The theoretical T_g value was calculated using the apparent volume fraction using the Miller/Fox equation extended for multi-component systems. The experimental values of T_g were within approximately ±4% of that predicted by the model. Thus, the use of the model holds the promise of a rational method for the theoretical determination of the composition of cryoprotectant requirement of protein crystallization solutions.