彩色棉再生体系影响因子及抗病基因NP-1转化的研究

选用彩色棉优良品种(棕色)：新彩1号、新彩2号，以下胚轴和子叶作为外植体，确立了5～6日苗龄的彩色棉下胚轴是较好的愈伤组织诱导外植体，不同激素组合及浓度对愈伤组织的诱导有重要作用，2，4—D是愈伤组织诱导中重要的激素，在附加有0．1mol／L2，4—D 0．1mol／LKT的MSB培养基上，诱导形成的愈伤组织质地疏松、生长旺盛，有利于分化为胚性愈伤，比较了不同糖源在愈伤组织诱导中的效应，在蔗糖和葡萄糖为糖源的培养基中，愈伤组织诱导率均为100％，但葡萄糖更有利于愈伤组织的形成和生长，蔗糖的诱导效果次之；麦芽糖和乳糖对愈伤组织的诱导效应不及蔗糖和葡萄糖；甘露醇作为糖源则抑制了愈伤组织的诱导和生长，在胚性愈伤组织的诱导培养中，KNO3加倍和NH4NO3减半的组合利于胚性愈伤组织的发生，在根癌农杆菌介导的抗病基因兔防御素NP—1转化过程中。外植体经农杆菌浸染10min，共培养48h较为合适，在添加头孢霉素500mg／L、卡那霉素50mg／L的培养基中筛选抗性愈伤组织。     

Growth kinetics and diosgenin estimation from callus cultures of Costus speciosus (Koen. ex. Retz.)

The present investigation reports the growth kinetics and diosgenin accumulation in callus cultures of Costus speciosus. Effect of explants, media and plant growth regulators was evaluated with respect to callus induction and growth. Out of the two explants viz pseudostem and seed, pseudostem showed maximum callus induction frequency of 90% on MS medium. The fresh weight of callus was maximum (9-folds) on 28th day on 1.0 mg/L picloram containing medium. The callus obtained was white compact hard (WCH). For growth kinetics study pseudostem derived callus was transferred on different media supplemented with 1.0 mg/L picloram. All phases of growth were seen in callus inoculated on all the three media except the absence of stationary phase on MS and SH media. MS medium proved to be the best for maximum biomass accumulation (9-fold) on 28th day of culture and callus in post-exponential phase showed maximum diosgenin accumulation (33 ppm).     

Production of bioactive compounds from callus of Pueraria thomsonii Benth with promising cytotoxic and antibacterial activities

For thousands of years Pueraria thomsonii Benth has been used to treat a number of diseases in traditional Chinese pharmacopeia. Despite these uses, there is still insufficient information on its biological activity and chemical composition. In this respect, the in vitro callus culture of P. thomsonii was subjected to identify anticancer and antibacterial compounds. Based on significant preliminary cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities; the chemical investigation led to the isolation of isoflavonoids, coumaric acid derivative and dihydroxyflavanone-type of compounds viz., daidzin (1), puerarin (2), biochanin A (3), daidzein (4), p-coumaric acid ethyl ester (5) and liquiritigenin (6), respectively. These compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities. Among them, p-coumaric acid ethyl ester (5) exhibited significant cytotoxicity with GI₅₀ values of 14.73, 15.64 and 20.88 μM/mL against 4T1, NC1-H1975 and A549, respectively; the other isoflavones and aflavonoid showed moderate to weak activities. Moreover, p-coumaric acid ethyl ester (5) inhibited the growth of K. pneumonia, MRSE and MRSA at very low MIC values of 6.01, 12.01 µg/mL 24.02, respectively. On the other hand compounds biochanin A (3) and liquiritigenin (6) showed moderate antibacterial activity. Because of the potential anticancer and antibacterial activities of bioactive compounds from P. thomsonii, they can be used to treat various cancer and emerging bacterial infections.     

瓜类疫霉菌毒素对哈密瓜愈伤组织的诱导作用

以瓜类疫霉菌素为诱导物，诱导处理哈密瓜愈伤组织，探明组织内与抗性相关的两种酶及膜透性的变化，哈密瓜愈伤组织经毒素处理后，苯丙氨酸解氨酶（ＰＡＬ）和多酚氧化酶（ＰＰＯ）的活性增强，且这种特性在愈伤组织继代培养４代后，仍然存在：愈伤组织的膜透性在继代培养初期显著减少，但随着培养代数的增加，膜透性变化趋于平稳。     

Chemical characterization of leaves and calli extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis by UHPLC-MS

Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) is an aromatic plant widely popular mainly due to its uses in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory, diuretic and antimicrobial, as well as in the prevention and treatment of diseases. These biological activities are mainly related to the presence of phenolic and terpenic compounds. This work reports a chemical profile analysis of extracts from leaves and calli of rosemary obtained by both pressurized liquid extraction and maceration. Chemical profiles were determined on calli extracts of 3, 6, 9, and 15 days of culture; chemical characterization and quantification of compounds was carried out using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 53 metabolites were identified in callus and 47 compounds in leaf extracts, of which 25 correspond to phenolic compounds, mainly flavonoids and flavones, 13 terpenes that include phenolic terpenes and one diterpenolactone, two glycosides which correspond to 6-O-caffeoyl-β-D-fructofuranosil-(2→1)-α-D-glucopyranoside and primulaverin, an aromatic compound identified as fenantrenone and a growth regulator 12-hydroxy jasmonic acid. These results showed that undifferentiated rosemary cells accumulate the same compounds identified mainly in highly specialized tissues such as leaves. The plant cell culture supply the possibility of developing biotechnological processes to obtain compounds of commercial interest.     

Production of a new mucilage compound in Lepidium sativum callus by optimizing in vitro growth conditions

The mucilage in Lepidium sativum L. is considered a biologically active compound with diverse medicinal properties. Different explants (hypocotyls and leaf) were transferred to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with twelve different plant growth regulator combinations under two different incubations (light and dark). The best mucilage production from callus (36.76% g g^?1 dry weight) was obtained in the MS medium supplemented with 1 mg L^?1 of 2, 4-D and 2 mg L^?1 of BAP under the light condition. The mucilage produced by callus culture was nearly three times more than the mucilage yield of the seeds. The glucose, arabinose + mannose and galactose were 43.4 (mg g^?1 DW), 195.3 (mg g^?1 DW) and 86.2 (mg g^?1 DW) in the mucilage originated from seed, callus leaf and callus hypocotyl, respectively. The present study proposes an efficient method for producing large scales of mucilage with a favorable sugar aimed at food or pharmaceutical industries.     

氯化铕对大黄愈伤组织生长及超微结构的影响

以掌叶大黄的愈伤组织为材料，研究了不同浓度氯化铕对其生长的影响，并利用透射电镜技术研究了氯化铕对大黄细胞超微结构的影响。实验结果表明，低浓度氯化铕促进愈伤组织生长，高浓度则抑制生长，浓度达到１００ｍｇ／Ｌ则可导致大黄外植体全部死亡。氯化铕对大黄的促进作用可被钙调蛋白的拮抗剂氯丙嗪抑制。１０ｍｇ／Ｌ氯化铕可使大黄愈伤组织的细胞形态发生明显变异。     

Callus induction and plant regeneration from different explants of Actinidia deliciosa

In this study, an efficient procedure was developed for callus induction and regeneration of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) using different organs of shoots developed under in vitro conditions. Effects of explants source and media (M₁, 1.0 mg l⁻¹ BA + 2.0 mg l⁻¹ 2,4-D–M₂, 1.0 mg l⁻¹ NAA + 2.0 mg l⁻¹ 2,4-D) on initiation of callus were examined in order to obtain callus for organogenesis. The best callus for plant regeneration was obtained from leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog’s medium (MS) supplemented with M₂. Formation of callus from leaf of kiwifruit (A. deliciosa) was cultured in MS medium containing different concentration of N⁶-benzylaminopurin (BA; 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 mg l⁻¹) for callus proliferation and plant regeneration. Although the first shoot formation was appeared in medium containing 6.0 and 8.0 mg l⁻¹ BA, the best shoots formation was obtained in medium with 4.0 mg l⁻¹ BA.     

不同光质对人参愈伤组织生长及皂苷含量的影响

人参主要依靠大田栽培,耗时长,利用植物组织培养技术不仅可以缩短育种年限,还可以用来生产次生代谢产物.在组织培养中,光质对于药用植物次生代谢产物的影响受到了人们广泛关注.以人参愈伤组织为试材,采用超高效液相色谱法,研究了不同光质(包括红光、红蓝光、蓝光、绿光、黄绿光)对人参愈伤组织生长状态、总皂苷及9种皂苷单体Rg1,R...