Y3+/Li+和Y3+/Na+双掺杂氟化钡快响应闪烁晶体

氟化钡(BaF₂)晶体是已知响应最快的闪烁晶体,在高能物理、核物理及核医学等领域有着广泛的应用前景。抑制BaF₂晶体的慢发光成分对其工程应用至关重要。本文利用坩埚下降法制备了高Y³⁺掺杂浓度5%、8%、10%(摩尔分数)的BaF₂晶体,并采用Y³⁺与碱金属离子(Li⁺、Na⁺)共掺杂的方法形成电荷补偿阻止间隙F^-的产生,制备了双掺杂型BaF₂快响应闪烁晶体,进而基于优化的5 ns和2 500 ns时间门宽测试方法,研究了Y³⁺掺杂浓度以及Y³⁺与碱金属离子(Li⁺、Na⁺)共掺杂浓度对BaF₂闪烁晶体快/慢成分比的影响规律。结果表明,生长的高浓度Y³⁺掺杂BaF₂晶体的光学质量优异,在220 nm和300 nm处透过率分别高于90%和92%;随着Y³⁺掺杂浓度由0提高至10%,BaF₂晶体的慢发光成分显著降低,快/慢成分比由0.15提高至1.21;生长的Y³⁺/Li⁺及Y³⁺/Na⁺共掺杂BaF₂晶体的慢发光成分较Y³⁺掺杂BaF₂晶体进一步降低,快/慢成分比最高分别可达1.63和1.61。研制的双掺杂BaF₂快响应闪烁晶体有望应用于高能物理、核物理前沿实验等重要领域。     

Side chain impacts on pH‐ and thermo‐responsiveness of tertiary amine functionalized polypeptides

The systemic investigation of the structural impacts of side chains on the pH‐ and thermo‐responsiveness of tertiary amine functionalized poly(l ‐glutamate)s (TA‐PGs) was carried out. The TA‐PGs polymers were effectively synthesized by Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition click reaction of azido tertiary amines with poly(γ‐propargyl‐l ‐glutamate) (PPLG). Turbimetric measurements were performed to characterize the pH‐ and temperature‐induced phase transition of TA‐PGs in aqueous solution, which suggested a structural dependence of the properties on the N‐substituted groups and the “linkers” between 1,2,3‐triazole ring and the tertiary amine groups in the side chains. In detail, the pH responsive properties of TA‐PGs were basically determined by the hydrophobicity of the N‐substituted groups in the side chains and the pH transition point (pH_t) decreased as the increasing hydrophobicity of the N‐substituted groups, while the temperature‐responsiveness of TA‐PGs were affected by either the N‐substituted groups or the “linkers.” TA‐PGs with a moderate N‐substituted amine group (e.g., DEA, PR, and PD) or a branched “linker” (e.g., iso‐propylene and 2‐methylpropylene group) were more likely to express the LCST‐type phase transition tuned by pH variation. These structure–property relationships revealed in this study would help to develop the applications of TA‐PGs in smart drug delivery systems. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 671–679     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定高纯铝中Fe、Cu、Mg、Zn、Ti

建立了用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定高纯铝中Fe、Cu、Mg、Zn、Ti的方法。详细讨论了基体元素和共存元素对分析元素的光谱干扰,以及盐酸用量的影响;选择了合适的分析谱线,同时得出了各元素的检出限。证明用基体匹配的方法在Fe 259.940nm、Cu 327.396nm、Mg279.079nm、Zn 213.856nm、Ti 334.941nm处可准确、可靠地测定高纯铝中含量范围在0.001%~0.01%的Fe、Cu、Mg、Zn、Ti元素。     

单相旋转型驻波超声电机的数学模型及仿真

尽管单相驱动的旋转型驻波超声电机的原理样机早巳研制成功，但对这类电机的运动机理的研究却一直局限在定性分析上。本文将从能量角度，根据Hamilton变分原理，定、转子摩擦界面采用纯滑动模型建立了该种电机的数学模型；并根据此模型，用MATLAB语言作了计算机仿真，得到了该种电机的开、关过程动态响应。     

Absorption enhancement of ultrathin crystalline silicon solar cells with frequency upconversion nanosphere arrays

A design of ultrathin crystalline silicon solar cells patterned with α-NaEr_(0.2)Y_(0.8)F_4 upconversion nanosphere(NSs) arrays on the surface was proposed. The light trapping performance ofα-NaEr_(0.2)Y_(0.8)F_4 NSs with different ratios of sphere diameter to sphere pitch was systematically studied by COMSOL Multiphysics. The influence of different NS diameters and ratio to the average optical absorption of ultrathin crystalline silicon solar cell was calculated, as well as the short circuit current densities. The results show that the average optical absorption of solar cells with 2.33 μm silicon covered by α-NaEr_(0.2)Y_(0.8)F_4 NSs of 100 nm in diameter and 5.2 in ratio has improved by 8.5% compared to planar silicon solar cells with the same thickness of silicon. The light trapping performance of different thicknesses of silicon solar cells with the optimized configuration of NSs was also discussed. The results indicate that our structure enhances the light absorption. The presented model will be the basis for further simulations concerning frequency upconversion of α-NaEr_(0.2)Y_(0.8)F_4 materials.     

Analysis of the multiple roots of the Lundberg fundamental equation in the PH (n) risk model

In the study of the Sparre Andersen risk model with phase‐type (n) inter‐claim times (PH (n) risk model), the distinct roots of the Lundberg fundamental equation in the right half of the complex plane and the linear independence of the eigenvectors related to the Lundberg matrix L_δ(s) play important roles. In this paper, we study the case where the Lundberg fundamental equation has multiple roots or the corresponding eigenvectors are linearly dependent in the PH (n) risk model. We show that the multiple roots of the Lundberg fundamental equation det[L_δ(s)] = 0 can be approximated by the distinct roots of the generalized Lundberg equation introduced in this paper and that the linearly dependent eigenvectors can be approximated by the corresponding linearly independent ones as well. Using this result we derive the expressions for the Gerber–Shiu penalty function. Two special cases of the generalized Erlang(n) risk model and a Coxian(3) risk model are discussed in detail, which illustrate the applicability of main results. Finally, we consider the PH(2) risk model and conclude that the roots of the Lundberg fundamental equation in the right half of the complex plane are distinct and that the corresponding eigenvectors are linearly independent. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Rapid determination of 226Ra in drinking water samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with liquid scintillation counting

A new radioanalytical method was developed for rapid determination of ²²⁶Ra in drinking water samples. The method is based on extraction and preconcentration of ²²⁶Ra from a water sample to an organic solvent using a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) technique followed by radiometric measurement using liquid scintillation counting. In DLLME for ²²⁶Ra, a mixture of an organic extractant (toluene doped with dibenzo-21-crown-7 and 2-theonyltrifluoroacetone) and a disperser solvent (acetonitrile) is rapidly injected into the water sample resulting in the formation of an emulsion. Within the emulsion, ²²⁶Ra reacts with dibenzo-21-crown-7 and 2-theonyltrifluoroacetone and partitions into the fine droplets of toluene. The water/toluene phases were separated by addition of acetonitrile as a de-emulsifier solvent. The toluene phase containing ²²⁶Ra was then measured by liquid scintillation counting. Several parameters were studied to optimize the extraction efficiency of ²²⁶Ra, including water immiscible organic solvent, disperser and de-emulsifier solvent type and their volume, chelating ligands for ²²⁶Ra and their concentrations, inorganic salt additive and its concentration, and equilibrium pH. With the optimized DLLME conditions, the accuracy (expressed as relative bias, B _r ) and method repeatability (expressed as relative precision, S _B ) were determined by spiking ²²⁶Ra at the maximum acceptable concentration level (0.5 Bq L⁻¹) according to the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality. Accuracy and repeatability were found to be less than −5% (B _r ) and less than 6% (S _B ), respectively, for both tap water and bottled natural spring water samples. The minimum detectable activity and sample turnaround time for determination of ²²⁶Ra was 33 mBq L⁻¹ and less than 3 h, respectively. The DLLME technique is selective for extraction of ²²⁶Ra from its decay progenies.     

铝基复合材料中不同形态碳分析方法的研究

本文研究铝基复合材料中碳元素不同存在形式（总碳、游离碳、碳化硅）的检测方法。 采用高频感应燃烧红外法测定总碳（2.00%～6.00%）,酸溶过滤分离-高频红外法测定游离碳（0.10%～1.50%）,重量法测定碳化硅(1%～35%)的含量。以上三个方法的精密度试验RSD%（n=8）最大分别为4.2%、1.2%、0.51%,测定游离碳和碳化硅(SiC)样品的加标回收率分别是98.5%～100.2%,99%～101%。 这三种方法都快速、可靠,已应用于铝基复合材料的实际分析工作中。     

三维无溶剂含能Ag-MOF的制备、热分解动力学及爆炸性能

Solvent molecules can significantly reduce the heat of detonation and stability of energetic metal-organic framework (EMOF) materials, and the development of solvent-free EMOFs has become an effective strategy to prepare high-energy density materials. In this study, a solvent-free EMOF, [Ag₂(DTPZ)]_n (1) (N% = 32.58%), was synthesized by reacting a high-energy ligand, 2, 3-di(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyrazine (H₂DTPZ), with silver ions under hydrothermal conditions, and it was structurally characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermal analysis. In 1, the DTPZ²⁻ ligands that adopted a highly torsional configuration bridged the Ag⁺ ions in an octadentate coordination mode to form a three-dimensional framework (ρ = 2.812 g∙cm⁻³). The large steric effect and strong coordination ability of DTPZ²⁻ effectively prevented the solvent molecules from binding with the metal centers or occupying the voids of 1. Moreover, the strong π-π stacking interactions [centroid-centroid distance = 0.34461(1) nm] between the tetrazole rings in different DTPZ²⁻ ligands provided a high thermal stability to the framework (T_e = 619.1 K, T_p = 658.7 K). Thermal analysis showed that a one-step rapid weight loss with intense heat release primarily occurred during the decomposition of 1, suggesting potential energetic characteristics. Non-isothermal thermokinetic analyses (based on the Kissinger and Ozawa-Doyle methods) were performed using differential scanning calorimetry to obtain the thermoanalysis kinetic parameters of the thermodecomposition of 1 (E_a = 272.1 kJ·mol⁻¹, E_o = 268.9 kJ·mol⁻¹; lgA =19.67 s⁻¹). The related thermodynamic parameters [enthalpy of activation (ΔH^≠ = 266.9 kJ·mol⁻¹), entropy of activation (ΔS^≠ = 125.4 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹), free energy of activation (ΔG^≠ = 188.3 kJ·mol⁻¹)], critical temperature of thermal explosion (T_b = 607.1 K), and self-accelerating decomposition temperature (T_SADT = 595.8 K) of the decomposition reaction were also calculated based on the decomposition peak temperature and extrapolated onset temperature when the heating rate approached zero. The results revealed that 1 featured good thermal safety, and its decomposition was a non-spontaneous entropy-driven process. The standard molar enthalpy for the formation of 1 was calculated to be (2165.99 ± 0.81) kJ·mol⁻¹ based on its constant volume combustion energy determined using a precise rotating oxygen bomb calorimeter. Detonation and safety performance tests revealed that 1 was insensitive to impact and friction, and its heat of detonation (10.15 kJ·g⁻¹) was higher than that of common ammonium nitrate explosives, such as octogen (HMX), hexogene (RDX), and 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), indicating that 1 is a promising high-energy and insensitive material.