影响DPF焦点装置中子稳定性的因素和改进措施

简要叙述了稠密等离子体聚焦装置作为中子发生器的工作原理，对影响稠密等离子体聚焦装置放电出中子产额及其稳定性的一些因素和改进措施进行了简单讨论．通过使用不同电极形状的场畸变开关很好地提高了焦点装置的运行，使装置输出中子的起伏得到明显的改善．通过对腔内电极的清洁，在不更换气体的条件下，聚焦装置放电出中子产额稳定.The principle of dense plasma focus(DPF) as neutron generator has been investigated in this paper. We have stated briefly some factors that mainly influnce the DPF s neutron yield and some methods improving the stability of neutron yields on the dense plasma focus. It is showed that the fluctuation of DPF output neutron becomes smaller by using different types of field-distortion elements. Over 100 consecutive shots without purging the test gas the neutron yields has no obvious change.     

r探测器的中子灵敏度标定技术

CeF3，YaP：Ce等无机晶体分别配光电倍增管构成的探测器，对r线有较高的探测效率，被称为r测器。由于其中子灵敏度比相同能量的r敏度要低数倍，有的甚至低一个量级，因此中子辐射源与周围环境物质作用产生的散射中子和r线将严重影响其输出电流，导致中子灵敏度的标定难以实现。     

强光一号装置单氘丝中子发射实验研究

 介绍了利用飞行时间技术测量Z箍缩装置单氘丝中子发射。实验发现，Z箍缩中子发射过程中,伴随产生很强的硬X射线，利用铝丝阵产生硬X射线的实验，建立较好的硬X射线屏蔽,大大减弱了它的辐射强度。所采用的双闪烁探测器中子探测系统，进行了3个发次的单氘丝负载实验，确认产生了聚变氘氘中子。4172发次实验测量结果表明，中子产额1.5×10⁹，中子能量为(2.45±0.26) MeV。实验结合分幅照相数据分析认为，峰电流和负载未能很好匹配，等离子体存在不稳定现象。     

DPF中子峰下波形测量数据计算中长电缆滤波影响的研究

建立了一套门控闪烁测量系统（门控ST-PMT系统）, 测量了稠密等离子体聚焦（DPF）波形后沿中子峰下3～4个量级的物理图像, 分别讨论了长电缆对 DPF D-D, D-T中子峰下3～4个量级波形测量的影响, 采用数学方法分析了长电缆作为频率滤波函数在解逆卷积函数中的应用, 解析了电缆带宽对测量结果的影响。The influence of the Fourier Transform on long cable in the measurement of fall time of DPF neutron profile is discussed by mathematical methods. The application of anti convolution function with the Fourier Transform on long cable is analysed. The time interval between the peak time and the time that the height falls 3 orders of magnitude after peak is measured with gated detector array system which consists of PMT(photomultiplier tube) and organic scintillation crystal.     

稠密等离子体聚焦装置的中子产额及其稳定性研究

叙述了稠密等离子体聚焦装置(DPF)作为中子发生器的工作原理,讨论了影响DPF中子产额及其稳定性的一些因素和改进措施。利用不同电极形状、不同绝缘气体的场崎变开关可以很好地提高聚焦装置的运行性能,使装置输出中子的起伏由过去的约两个量级降到目前的3倍左右。通过对腔内电极的清洁,在不更换气体的条件下。中子产额无明显下降。     

门控光电倍增管（PMT）在α测量中的应用

当零功率堆处于次临界状态时，测量其衰变常数α通常采用罗西-α法或随机脉冲源法等统计方法。若采用瞬态方法测量，则需采用窄脉冲的外中子源(如DPF源)产生高强度中子，注人核装置产生裂变，裂变γ信号被探测器记录处理得到其衰变常数α。     

采用数学分析方法分析样品核素含量的方法研究

当样品含有多种能量的γ射线时，某一峰下的面积，不仅记录了该能量的光电效应事件，而且还包括了更高能量γ射线的Compton 散射事件。这样，就不能由峰下面积确定相应的γ射线强度，采用逆矩阵法对γ能谱进行分析可得到较好非结果。When the sample contains many kinds of energies γ rays,their peak’s area not only records the matters of optical electronic effect but also the Compton scattering matters with higher energyγ rays.So that,theγ rays intensity conducted by the peak’s area can’t gain.Using the anti-matrix method,the better results of anlyze on theγ Spectrometry may be getten.     

大面积PIN探测器性能参数实验测量

利用CFC-67型三通道γ源加速器测量了Ф50mm,Ф60mmPIN探测器的时间响应、线性电流及相对灵敏度,并与理论计算结果进行了比较,验证了实验结果的可靠性。Ф60 mm silicon PIN detector is a large area and high sensitive one which has been developed in near years. Using the type CГC-67 γ accelerator, the parameters of PIN detectors such as time response, linear current and relative sensitivity are measured. The experiment results are compared with the theory calculation. The PIN detector can reach high γefficiency of up to 10^-14-10^-16 C·cm2, the rise time is about 10 ns and the FWHM of the time pulse is about 35 ns. The γ efficiency of the PIN detector may provide the sensitive range between 10^-14-10^-16 C·cm^2 that scintillator ＋ photo tubes detecting system and scintillator ＋ photomul tiplier tubes detecting system is not developed.     

临界堆中子增殖系数测量统计涨落数值模拟

建立了临界堆中子增殖系数(参数)计算模型,采用闪烁体加光电倍增管组成的电流型探测器对参数进行测量。采用构造理想函数加统计涨落偏差的方式,利用数值模拟方法,研究了统计涨落对参数测量结果的影响。结果表明:测量信号统计涨落会影响参数测量精度;考虑统计涨落影响,为使参数满足要求,需要使探测器入射粒子数达到一定数量;针对不同测量时间,入射粒子起始强度需要满足不同要求;当起始强度不能满足要求时,可以采用增加测量时间;指数信号带随机涨落时,较大的求值区间能有效减弱统计涨落的影响。     

强中子本底辐射屏蔽体优化设计技术研究

在国内首次采用高强度窄脉冲DPF中子源,采用直照法测量零功率堆瞬发中子时间常数α。由于外中子源本底太强,导致直照中子和散射中子产生的干扰信号比测量信号高三个量级。为有效地抑制外本底,针对不同能量的干扰中子,采用不同材料进行屏蔽。通过数值模拟的方法优化辐射屏蔽体设计,在屏蔽中子的同时也对散射γ 进行了有效屏蔽,使测量信噪比达到了7.5:1,并与实验结果相符合,实验中所采用的新型无机晶体也有效抑制了中子本底。The value of prompt neutron multiplication, α, is measured under the condition of using a denser plasma focus(DPF) neutron-source irradiating zero power assembly for the first time in China. The acquired signal is lower three orders of magnitudes than that of the noise caused by direct and scattered neutrons from the extra-high-intensity neutron-source. Using different kinds of material to decrease the noise caused by neutron with different kinds of energies, an optimized design for radiation shielding is developed by the method of numerical simulation to suppress noise signal. Both neutron and γ-ray are shielded simultaneously. The Signal/Noise Ratio (SNR) with the optimal design was up to 7.5:1 and was consistent with the experimental results. The noise of neutron is decreased effectively by the new kind of unorganic crystals used.