A composition-free parallel volume rendering method

Journal of Visualization - In the in situ visualization of large-scale simulation, if using the traditional sort-last parallel rendering method, the performance cannot be fully improved due to the...     

An Activatable AIEgen Probe for High‐Fidelity Monitoring of Overexpressed Tumor Enzyme Activity and Its Application to Surgical Tumor Excision

Monitoring fluctuations in enzyme overexpression facilitates early tumor detection and excision. An AIEgen probe (DQM‐ALP) for the imaging of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was synthesized. The probe consists of a quinoline‐malononitrile (QM) core decorated with hydrophilic phosphate groups as ALP‐recognition units. The rapid liberation of DQM‐OH aggregates in the presence of ALP resulted in aggregation‐induced fluorescence. The up‐regulation of ALP expression in tumor cells was imaged using DQM‐ALP. The probe permeated into 3D cervical and liver tumor spheroids for imaging spatially heterogeneous ALP activity with high spatial resolution on a two‐photon microscopy platform, providing the fluorescence‐guided recognition of sub‐millimeter tumorigenesis. DQM‐ALP enabled differentiation between tumor and normal tissue ex vivo and in vivo, suggesting that the probe may serve as a powerful tool to assist surgeons during tumor resection.     

Fast Quantification of Salivary 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine as DNA Damage Biomarker Using CE with Electrochemical Detection

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between levels of a marker of oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), in human saliva and urine, and to explore its potential application in fast diagnosis of many diseases (especially cancer) associated with oxidative damage. A simple and time-efficient method, based on capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection, was developed for the determination of salivary and urinary 8-OHdG. Under the optimum conditions, 8-OHdG and its coexisting analytes could be well separated within 16 min at a voltage of 14 kV in 60 mmol L^?1 borax running buffer (pH 8.2). A good linear relationship was established between peak current and concentration of analytes over three orders of magnitude with detection limits (S/N = 3) ranging from 0.41 × 10^?7 to 2.50 × 10^?7 mol L^?1 for all analytes.     

In vivo Monitoring of Organ-Selective Distribution of CdHgTe/SiO2 Nanoparticles in Mouse Model

CdHgTe/SiO₂ nanoparticles were prepared by SiO₂ capping on the surface of CdHgTe QDs. The characteristics, such as optical spectra, photostability, size and cell toxicity were investigated. The dynamic distribution of CdHgTe/SiO₂ nanoparticles was in vivo monitored by near infrared fluorescence imaging system. CdHgTe/SiO₂ nanoparticles acted as a novel fluorescence probe have a maximum fluorescence emission of 785 nm and high photo-stability. The hydrodynamic diameter of CdHgTe/SiO₂ nanoparticles could be adjusted to 122.3 nm. Compared to CdHgTe QDs, inhibitory effects of CdHgTe/SiO₂ nanoparticles on proliferation of HCT116 cells decreased to a certain extent. CdHgTe/SiO₂ nanoparticles had their specific dynamic distribution behavior, which provided new perspectives for bio-distribution of nanoparticles.     

Thermolysis kinetics of diethyl 2,3‐dicyano‐2,3‐di(p‐substituted phenyl)succinates

An experimental approach was developed to determine the intrinsic thermolysis rate constants of the central carbon–carbon bond during the dl/meso isomerization of diethyl 2,3‐dicyano‐2,3‐di(p‐substituted phenyl)succinates (G=H, Me, OMe, Cl, and NO₂) at temperatures ranging from 80 to 120 °C. The obtained rate constants are significantly affected by the polarity of the para substituents, in sharp contrast to their negligible effects on the dl/meso isomerization equilibrium constants. Moreover, the substituent effects on the activation enthalpies can be linearly correlated with the Hammett substituent resonance constants and the homolytic dissociation enthalpies (bond dissociation energies) of the benzylic C–H bonds of ethyl 2‐cyano‐2‐(p‐substituted phenyl)acetates. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

COMPREHENSIVE MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF MICROCIRCULATORY DYNAMICS(Ⅱ)—ALCULATION AND THE RESULTS

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Synthesis and transition temperatures of liquid crystals incorporating a 1,4-tetrafluorophenylene unit

Two homologous series of mesogenic materials which incorporate a 1,4-tetrafluorophenylene moiety and a terminal cyano- or nitro-substituent have been synthesized by using palladiumcatalysed coupling procedures. The compounds exhibit nematic and/or smectic A phases.     

Development of a simple and stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for determining olanzapine and related impurities generated in the preparative process

A simple and stability-indicating reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of olanzapine (OLN) and related impurities in bulk drugs. Eight impurities were characterized respectively, and particularly a new process impurity from OLN synthesis was structurally confirmed as 1-(5-methylthionphen-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2(3H)-one (Imp-7) by X-ray single crystal diffraction, MS, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and HSQC. A mechanism of formation pathway for Imp-7 was proposed. Optimum separation for OLN and eight related impurities was carried out on an Agilent Octyldecyl silica column (TC-C(18), 4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) using a gradient HPLC method. The method was validated with respect to specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD and LOQ. Regression analysis showed good correlation (r(2) > 0.9985) between the investigated component concentrations and their peak areas within the test ranges for OLN and eight impurities. The repeatability and intermediate precision, expressed as RSD, were less than 1.74%. The proposed stability-indicating method was suitable for routine quality control and drug analysis of OLN in bulk drugs.     

Sunlight-activated AlFeO3/TiO2 photocatalyst

A nanocomposite photocatalyst composed of AlFeO₃ and TiO₂ is prepared, and characterized through X-ray diffraction. Application of the nanocomposite for the photodegradations of eosin dye and methyl orange gives an improved photoactivity compared with TiO₂-only nanomaterials. The optimal concentration of AlFeO₃ in the composite is about 1.0 wt% under UV excitation, and 9.0 wt% under sunlight excitation for the improved photoactivity. Furthermore, this nanocomposite is more active for eosin photodegradation if natural sunlight rather than UV is used. This may be due to the reason that adding AlFeO₃ nanoparticles into TiO₂ matrix can promote the separation of photogener-ated charge carriers, and extend the photoresponse of TiO₂ toward visible region, which results in an increase in the solar energy utilization efficiency.