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Yojiro Ishino Naoki Hayashi Ili Fatimah Bt Abd Razak Takahiro Kato Yudai Kurimoto Yu Saiki 《Flow, Turbulence and Combustion》2016,96(3):819-835
In order to provide a suitable technique for 3D observation of high speed turbulent flames, non-scanning 3D-CT(Computer Tomography) technique using a multi-directional quantitative schlieren system with flash light source, is proposed for instantaneous density distribution of unsteady premixed flames. This “schlieren 3D-CT” is based on (i)simultaneous acquisition of flash-light schlieren images taken from numerous directions, and (ii) 3D-CT reconstruction of the images by an appropriate CT algorithm. In this paper, first, as a preliminary research, 3D-CT reconstruction of non-axisymmetric steady flame is made with a single-directional quantitative schlieren system. Next, with custom-made 20 directional schlieren camera, instantaneous density distributions of a high-speed turbulent flames of nozzle exit velocities of 8.0 and 10.0 m/s has been CT-reconstructed. The 3D-views of the reconstructed flame front shape clearly give the information of the flame structure with fine scale corrugations. Based on the distributions, area-enlargement rates of the flame front area are derived, and investigated. 相似文献
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Motoyoshi Nakano Yudai Ishimur Riki Hott Daiki Hebiguchi Toshiaki Nagat Fuminori Misaizu 《化学物理学报》2019,32(2):193-199
本文通过离子迁移质谱法研究了氧化钠团簇阳离子(NanOm+,n≤11)的稳定结构. 质谱结果表明化学计量组成Na(Na2O)(n-1)/2+ (n=3、5、7、9和11)系列是稳定的,并且NaO(Na2O)(n-1)/2+ (n=5、7、9和11)系列作为二级稳定系列. 为了获得这些团簇离子的结构,通过离子迁移率测量实验测定离子和氦缓冲气体之间的碰撞截面. 同时计算了这些组合物优化结构的理论碰撞截面. 结果表明,Na(Na2O)(n-1)/2+和NaO(Na2O)(n-1)/2+的结构除了n=9之外,其它具有相似结构框架. Na(Na2O)(n-1)/2+所有的化合键位于钠和氧之间. 另一方面,NaO(Na2O)(n-1)/2+中除了Na-O键之外,还存在一个O-O氧键,表明NaO(Na2O)(n-1)/2+具有过氧化物离子(O22-)作为Na(Na2O)(n-1)/2+的氧化物离子(O2-) 的替代物. Na(Na2O)(n-1)/2+和NaO(Na2O)(n-1)/2+两种稳定系列都是闭壳组合物. 这些闭壳特征对氧化钠簇阳离子的稳定性具有强烈影响. 相似文献
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Atsushi?NarumiEmail author Yudai?Kimura Seigou?Kawaguchi 《Colloid and polymer science》2012,290(4):379-384
The precipitation polymerizations of N-tert-butylacrylamide (NtBAM) in water are demonstrated; for example, the polymerization with potassium peroxodisulfate using a 15 g L−1 (118 mmol L−1) concentration of NtBAM in the feed ([NtBAM]0) was performed at 70 °C for 12 h, quantitatively producing poly(N-tert-butylacrylamide) particles with a number-average diameter (d
n) of 203 nm and a coefficient of variation (C
v) of 4.7%. The particle sizes were controlled in the d
ns range between 75 and 494 nm by changing the monomer feeds or adding an electrolyte such as NaCl. The solid contents in the
resulting aqueous latex solutions ranged from 0.1 to 1.5%, whereas it increased to 4.8% by applying a “shot-growth” technique.
The polymerization in water under a somewhat unique condition is described, which was started from a heterogeneous system
due to the presence of significantly large amounts of monomers ([NtBAM]0 = 50 g L−1). This also provided monodisperse latexes with the d
n of 370 nm in 96% yield, in which the solid content reached 4.9%. 相似文献
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Hironobu Tahara Yudai Tanaka Shoko Yamamoto Shigeki Yonemori Bun Chan Hiroto Murakami Takamasa Sagara 《Chemical science》2021,12(13):4872
Redox-active ionic liquids (RAILs) are gaining attention as a material that can create a wide range of functions. We herein propose a charge-transfer (CT) RAIL by mixing two RAILs, specifically a carbazole-based ionic liquid ([CzC4ImC1][TFSI]) as a donor and a viologen-based ionic liquid ([C4VC7][TFSI]2) as an acceptor. We investigated the effect of CT interaction on the physicochemical properties of the CT ionic liquid (CT-IL) using the results of temperature-dependent measurements of UV-vis absorption, viscosity, and ionic conductivity as well as cyclic voltammograms. We employed the Walden analysis and the Grunberg–Nissan model to elucidate the effect of the CT interaction on the viscosity and ionic conductivity. The CT interaction reduces the viscosity by reducing the electrostatic attraction between the dicationic viologen and TFSI anion. It also reduces the ionic conductivity by the CT association of the dicationic viologen and carbazole. The electrochemically reversible responses of the viologens in [C4VC7][TFSI]2 and CT-IL are consistent with the Nernstian and the interacting two-redox site models. Notably, the transport and electrochemical properties are modulated by CT interaction, leading to unique features that are not present in individual component ILs. The inclusion of CT interaction in RAILs thus provides a powerful means to expand the scope of functionalized ionic liquids.A redox-active ionic liquid (RAIL) consisting of a carbazole and viologen shows charge transfer (CT) interaction. The physicochemical properties are modulated by the CT interaction by comparison with the individual RAILs. 相似文献
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In 3-ethoxycarbonyl-2,4-dienal compounds, a thermal [1,5]-H shift of aldehyde hydrogen easily proceeded to produce the corresponding vinyl ketenes due to the remarkable substituent effect caused by the C3 ester group. The produced ketenes were captured by an alcohol and olefins to afford the corresponding esters and four-membered ring compounds, respectively. 相似文献
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Nakano M Kishi R Yoneda K Inoue Y Inui T Shigeta Y Kubo T Champagne B 《The journal of physical chemistry. A》2011,115(31):8767-8777
The third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, at the molecular level, the static second hyperpolarizabilities, γ, of supermolecular systems composed of phenalenyl and pyrene rings linked by acetylene units are investigated by employing the long-range corrected spin-unrestricted density functional theory, LC-UBLYP, method. The phenalenyl based superethylene, superallyl, and superbutadiene in their lowest spin states have intermediate diradical characters and exhibit larger γ values than the closed-shell pyrene based superpolyene systems. The introduction of a positive charge into the phenalenyl based superallyl radical changes the sign of γ and enhances its amplitude by a factor of 35. Although such sign inversion is also observed in the allyl radical and cation systems in their ground state equilibrium geometries, the relative amplitude of γ is much different, that is, |γ(regular allyl cation)/γ(regular allyl radical)| = 0.61 versus |γ(phenalenyl based superallyl cation)/γ(phenalenyl based superallyl radical)| = 35. In contrast, the model ethylene, allyl radical/cation, and butadiene systems with stretched carbon-carbon bond lengths (2.0 ?), having intermediate diradical characters, exhibit similar γ features to those of the phenalenyl based superpolyene systems. This exemplifies that the size dependence of γ as well as its sign change by introducing a positive charge on the phenalenyl based superpolyene systems originate from their intermediate diradical characters. In addition, the change from the lowest to the highest π-electron spin states significantly reduces the γ amplitudes of the neutral phenalenyl based superpolyene systems. For phenalenyl based superallyl cation, the sign inversion of γ (from negative to positive) is observed upon switching between the singlet and triplet states, which is predicted to be associated with a modification of the balance between the positive and negative contributions to γ. The present study paves the way toward designing a variety of open-shell NLO supermolecular systems composed of phenalenyl radical building blocks. 相似文献
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Xingchao Wang Yudai Huang Dianzeng Jia Zaiping Guo Duo Ni Ming Miao 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2012,16(1):17-24
Olivine LiFePO4/C nanocomposite cathode materials with small-sized particles and a unique electrochemical performance were successfully prepared
by a simple solid-state reaction using oxalic acid and citric acid as the chelating reagent and carbon source. The structure
and electrochemical properties of the samples were investigated. The results show that LiFePO4/C nanocomposite with oxalic acid (oxalic acid: Fe2+= 0.75:1) and a small quantity of citric acid are single phase and deliver initial discharge capacity of 122.1 mAh/g at 1
C with little capacity loss up to 500 cycles at room temperature. The rate capability and cyclability are also outstanding
at elevated temperature. When charged/discharged at 60 °C, this materials present excellent initial discharge capacity of
148.8 mAh/g at 1 C, 128.6 mAh/g at 5 C, and 115.0 mAh/g at 10 C, respectively. The extraordinarily high performance of LiFePO4/C cathode materials can be exploited suitably for practical lithium-ion batteries. 相似文献
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Hongli Wu Yudai Huang Dianzeng Jia Zaiping Guo Ming Miao 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2012,14(1):713-7
Spinel Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles were prepared via a high-temperature solid-state reaction by adding the prepared cellulose to an aqueous dispersion
of lithium salts and titanium dioxide. The precursors of Li4Ti5O12 were characterized by thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. The obtained Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrochemical measurements.
The TEM revealed that the Li4Ti5O12 prepared with cellulose is composed of nanoparticles with an average particle diameter of 20–30 nm. Galvanostatic battery
testing showed that nano-sized Li4Ti5O12 exhibit better electrochemical properties than submicro-sized Li4Ti5O12 do especially at high current rates, which can deliver a reversible discharge capacity of 131 mAh g−1 at the rate of 10 C, whereas that of the submicro-sized sample decreases to 25 mAh g−1 at the same rate (10 C). Its reversible capacity is maintained at ~172.2 mAh g−1 with the voltage range 1.0–3.0 V (vs. Li) at the current rate of 0.5 C for over 80 cycles. 相似文献