Metabolomics study on promoting blood circulation and ameliorating blood stasis: Investigating the mechanism of Angelica sinensis and its processed products

Angelica sinensis (Danggui, DG) parched with alcohol (Jiu Danggui, JDG) and charred DG are the main processed products of DG, which are used to treat blood stasis syndrome (BSS). However, their therapeutic effect and mechanisms are still unclear. Based on an acute rat BSS model, the intervention effects of DG and its processed products (DGPPs) were evaluated by the hemorheology and coagulation function parameters. Meanwhile, plasma and urine metabolites were detected and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical analysis method. The results of hemorheology, coagulation function parameters and metabolomics all showed that the BSS model was successfully established, DGPPs intervention could significantly relieve rats BSS and the therapeutic effect of JDG was best. Moreover, 23 differential metabolites (14 in plasma and nine in urine) were identified that were closely related to the BSS, involving seven potential target metabolic pathways. DGPP intervention showed different degrees of reverse effect on these metabolites. JDG was the most effective owing to extensive regulation effect on differential metabolites. This study provides a reference for understanding the pathological mechanism of BSS and the mechanism of DGPPs, which lays a theoretical foundation for the rational use of DGPPs in clinical practice.     

Amino acid adsorption on mesoporous materials: influence of types of amino acids, modification of mesoporous materials, and solution conditions

In order to disclose the dominant interfacial interaction between amino acids and ordered mesoporous materials, the adsorption behaviors of five amino acids on four mesoporous materials were investigated in aqueous solutions with adjustable amino acid concentration, ion strength, and pH. The selected amino acids were acidic amino acid glutamic acid (Glu), basic amino acid arginine (Arg), and neutral amino acids phenylalanine (Phe), leucine (Leu), and alanine (Ala), and the selected mesoporous materials were SBA-15, Al-SBA-15, CH3(10%)-SBA-15, and CH3(20%)-SBA-15. The adsorption capacities of Glu and Arg were strongly dependent on pH and surface charge of the mesoporous adsorbent. The adsorption of Phe showed pH insensitivity but depended on the surface organic functionalization of mesoporous adsorbent. On the basis of the theoretical analysis about the interaction between amino acid and adsorbent, such a remarkable difference was attributed to the different nature of the interaction between amino acid and adsorbent. Arg could be readily adsorbed on the surface of SBA-15, especially Al-SBA-15, under appropriate pH in which the electrostatic interaction was predominant. The driving force of Phe adsorption on mesoporous adsorbent mainly came from the hydrophobic interaction. Therefore, the adsorption capability of Arg decreased with increasing ion strength of solution, while the adsorption capability of Phe increased with the increasing degree of CH3 functionalization on SBA-15. For neutral amino acid Phe, Ala, and Leu, the adsorption capability increased with the increase of the length of their side chains, which was another evidence of hydrophobic effect. Thus, all the adsorption of amino acids on mesoporous silica materials can be decided by the combined influence of two fundamental interactions: electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic effect.     

高效液相色谱法测定葡萄糖和甘露醇

1引言葡萄糖和甘露醇性质相似,在医药和食品工业中,均有着重要用途,随着医药工业的发展,两种物质在药品中常常同时存在,故需同时准确测定两种物质的含量,传统测定其中一种物质,表征其浓度通常有两种方法,一种是比旋度法,另一种是菲林试液络合滴定法,但由于比旋度法易受其它物质干扰,而且葡萄糖和甘露醇均具有旋光性,两者又均能与菲林试液反应,因此不能得出葡萄糖和甘露醇的绝对含量,故上述两种方法不能同时表征其浓度,采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）能够简单、快速准确测定其含量。因此,国外应用较多,本文提出以水为流动相…     

Controlled drug release from bifunctionalized mesoporous silica

Serial of trimethylsilyl-carboxyl bifunctionalized SBA-15 (TMS/COOH/SBA-15) have been studied as carriers for controlled release of drug famotidine (Famo). To load Famo with large capacity, SBA-15 with high content of carboxyl groups was successfully synthesized by one-pot synthesis under the assistance of KCl. The mesostructure of carboxyl functionalized SBA-15 (COOH/SBA-15) could still be kept even though the content of carboxyl groups was up to 57.2%. Increasing carboxyl content could effectively enhance the loading capacity of Famo. Compared with pure SBA-15, into which Famo could be hardly adsorbed, the largest drug loading capacity of COOH/SBA-15 could achieve 396.9 mg/g. The release of Famo from mesoporous silica was studied in simulated intestine fluid (SIF, pH=7.4). For COOH/SBA-15, the release rate of Famo decreased with narrowing pore size. After grafting TMS groups on the surface of COOH/SBA-15 with hexamethyldisilazane, the release of Famo was greatly delayed with the increasing content of TMS groups.     

CuCl/菲咯啉/甲基咪唑催化甲醇/乙醇氧化羰化一步合成碳酸甲乙酯

 研究了CuCl与含氮杂环化合物配体1, 10-菲咯啉(phen)和N-甲基咪唑(NMI)形成的配合物催化剂对甲醇/乙醇氧化羰化一步合成碳酸甲乙酯(MEC)反应的催化活性. 讨论了配体的配比、甲醇和乙醇的相对用量、温度及压力等因素对甲醇和乙醇的转化率及MEC产率的影响. 结果表明,CuCl/phen/NMI原位配合物催化剂对氧化羰化一步合成MEC反应具有较高的催化活性. 配体phen及NMI对反应产物的选择性有明显的调变作用,甲醇和乙醇的配比对产物分布有很大的影响. 在V(MeOH)/V(EtOH)=0.25,c(CuCl)=0.20 mol/L,n(CuCl)∶n(NMI)∶n(phen)=1∶1.25∶1.25,p=2.40 MPa,θ=120 ℃的条件下反应2 h,甲醇的转化率为44.3%,乙醇的转化率为22.3%,MEC的产率为10.4%.     

液相氧化羰基化合成碳酸二乙酯的新型催化体系CuCl/1,10-菲罗啉/N-甲咪唑

Diethyl carbonate (DEC) is one of the important green chemicals widely used for organic synthesis because of its various functional groups. DEC is a better octane blending fuel, and has more oxygen in the molecule than methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), 40.6% versus 18.2%, which reduces emissions from gasoline and diesel engine. For these reasons many studies on the production of DEC have been extensively carried out.     

Integrated Cascade Nanozymes with Antisenescence Activities for Atherosclerosis Therapy

Senescent cells are the critical drivers of atherosclerosis formation and maturation. Mitigating senescent cells holds promise for the treatment of atherosclerosis. In an atherosclerotic plaque microenvironment, senescent cells interact with reactive oxygen species (ROS), promoting the disease development. Here, we hypothesize that a cascade nanozyme with antisenescence and antioxidant activities can serve as an effective therapeutic for atherosclerosis. An integrated cascade nanozyme with superoxide dismutase- and glutathione peroxidase-like activities, named MSe₁, is developed in this work. The obtained cascade nanozyme can attenuate human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) senescence by protecting DNA from damage. It significantly weakens inflammation in macrophages and HUVECs by eliminating overproduced intracellular ROS. Additionally, the MSe₁ nanozyme effectively inhibits foam cell formation in macrophages and HUVECs by decreasing the internalization of oxidized low-density lipoprotein. After intravenous administration, the MSe₁ nanozyme significantly inhibits the formation of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE^−/−) mice by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation and then decreases the infiltration of inflammatory cells and senescent cells in atherosclerotic plaques. This study not only provides a cascade nanozyme but also suggests that the combination of antisenescence and antioxidative stress holds considerable promise for treating atherosclerosis.     

Photophysical and enhanced daylight photocatalytic properties of N-doped TiO2/g-C3N4 composites

N-doped TiO₂/C₃N₄ composite samples were synthesized by heating the mixture of the hydrolysis product of TiCl₄ and C₃N₄ at different weight ratios. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, UV–vis absorption spectrum, photoluminescence spectrum, X-ray photon electron spectrum (XPS) and surface photovoltage spectrum (SPS). The XRD and Raman results indicate that the introduction of C₃N₄ could inhibit the formation of rutile TiO₂. The composite samples show slight visible light absorption due to the introduction of C₃N₄. The XPS result reveals that some amount of nitrogen is doped into TiO₂, and C₃N₄ exists in the composite sample. The intensities of the SPS signal in the composite samples decrease with the rise in the amount of C₃N₄ in the samples. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated from the Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation under fluorescence light irradiation. The composite samples show significantly enhanced photocatalytic activities and the RhB self-sensitized photodegradation in this system was observed by measuring the photocurrent in the dye sensitized solar cell using the composite as the working electrode.     

Surface photoelectric and photodegradation activities of AgNbO3 synthesized by solvothermal method

Silver niobate (AgNbO₃) with different morphologies is obtained by annealing the precursors prepared at different temperatures by solvothermal method at 800 °C. Scanning electron microscope images of the samples show the formation process of the morphologies. The weakest photovoltaic and the highest photocatalytic properties of the sample obtained from the precursors prepared at 190 °C are possibly caused by the synergetic effects between several kinds of particles, and between AgNbO₃ and Nb₂O₅. Both the temperature and the amount of Nb₂O₅ are crucial for the morphologies, the photoelectric and photocatalytic properties of the samples.