靶丸支撑膜对ICF内爆性能影响的模拟研究

使用二维多群辐射扩散流体力学程序LARED-S，模拟研究靶丸支撑膜在惯性约束聚变氘氘（DD）气体靶内爆过程中的扰动演化过程及其对内爆性能的影响.二维模拟表明：靶丸支撑膜显著降低DD气体靶内爆的中子产额，二维模拟产额为一维结果的55.2%.内爆性能下降的主要物理机制是支撑膜使靶壳生成大幅度的尖钉深入DD气体区，使烧蚀层与DD气体之间物质界面处的电子热传导漏失功率显著增大，导致DD核反应速率显著降低，中子反应速率峰值时刻（bang-time时刻）提前.相比一维理想内爆的模拟结果，支撑膜引入的扰动显著降低bang-time时刻DD气体压强与内爆动能转化为DD气体内能的效率，壳层剩余动能相应大幅增加.     

Non-Markovianity for a qubit system driven by a classical phase noisy laser

The nonlinear interaction between electron-acoustic shock waves in a dissipative, non-Maxwellian plasma composed of cold fluid electrons, stationary background ions, and inertialess superthermal electrons has been studied. The effects of plasma parameters on the trajectory changes (i.e., phase shifts) of shock waves after their head-on collision is our main concern. The results indicate that the interactions between shocks are different from those of solitons. Also, it is found that the occurrence and variation of trajectory shifts may be due to the combined role played by the dispersion and dissipation of the colliding nonlinear structure.     

Enabling High‐Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries by Manipulating Solvation Structure in Ester Electrolyte

Lithium metal is an ideal electrode material for future rechargeable lithium metal batteries. However, the widespread deployment of metallic lithium anode is significantly hindered by its dendritic growth and low Coulombic efficiency, especially in ester solvents. Herein, by rationally manipulating the electrolyte solvation structure with a high donor number solvent, enhancement of the solubility of lithium nitrate in an ester‐based electrolyte is successfully demonstrated, which enables high‐voltage lithium metal batteries. Remarkably, the electrolyte with a high concentration of LiNO₃ additive presents an excellent Coulombic efficiency up to 98.8 % during stable galvanostatic lithium plating/stripping cycles. A full‐cell lithium metal battery with a lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide cathode exhibits a stable cycling performance showing limited capacity decay. This approach provides an effective electrolyte manipulation strategy to develop high‐voltage lithium metal batteries.     

Through-space charge transfer blue polymers containing acridan donor and oxygen-bridged triphenylboron acceptor for highly efficient solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes

Three kinds of through-space charge transfer(TSCT) blue polymers containing non-conjugated polystyrene backbone together with spatially-separated acridan donor and oxygen-bridged triphenylboron acceptors having different substituents of tert-butyl,hydrogen and fluorine are designed and synthesized. The designed TSCT blue polymers possess photoluminescence quantum yields up to 70% in solid-state film, single-triplet energy splitting below 0.1 eV, and typical thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF) effect. Meanwhile, the resulting polymers exhibit aggregation-induced emission(AIE) effect with emission intensity increased by up to ～27 folds from solution to aggregation state. By changing the substituent of acceptors to tune the charge transfer strength, blue emission with peaks from 444 to 480 nm can be realized for the resulting polymers.Solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes based on the polymers exhibit excellent device performance with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage(CIE) coordinates of(0.16, 0.27), together with the maximum luminous efficiency of 30.7 cd A~(-1) and maximum external quantum efficiency of 15.0%, which is the best device efficiency for blue TADF polymers.     

Magnetic surface plasmon-induced tunable photonic bandgaps in two-dimensional magnetic photonic crystals

We experimentally studied magnetically controllable photonic band gaps (PBGs) in two-dimensional magnetic photonic crystals consisting of ferrite rods. Besides the conventional PBG that relates to Bragg scattering, two other types of PBG, resulting from magnetic surface plasmon (MSP) resonance and spin-wave resonance, respectively, are observed. The PBG due to MSP resonance is particularly interesting because of its analogy to surface plasmon in metal; furthermore, it is shown to be completely tunable by an external static magnetic field from both an experimental and a theoretical point of view.     

Engineering the Mesopores of Fe3O4@Mesosilica Core–Shell Nanospheres through a Solvothermal Post‐Treatment Method

A solvothermal post‐treatment method was developed to synthesize Fe₃O₄@mesosilica core–shell nanospheres (CSNs) with a well‐preserved morphology, mesoporous structure, and tunable large pore diameters (2.5–17.6 nm) for the first time. N,N‐Dimethylhexadecylamine (DMHA), which was generated in situ during the heat‐treatment process, was mainly responsible for this pore‐size enlargement, as characterized by NMR spectroscopy. This pore‐size expansion can be strengthened with the aid of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), whilst the nature of the surface of the Fe₃O₄@mesosilica CSNs can be easily modified with trimethylsilyl groups during the pore‐size‐expansion process. The hydrophobicity of the Fe₃O₄@mesosilica CSNs increased for the enlarged mesopores and the adsorption capacity of these CSNs for benzene (up to 1.5 g g^?1) is the highest ever reported for Fe₃O₄@mesosilica CSNs. The resultant Fe₃O₄@mesosilica CSNs (pore size: 10 nm) showed a 3.6‐times higher adsorption capacity of lysozyme than those without the pore expansion (pore size: 2.5 nm), thus making them a good candidate for loading large molecules.     

Characterization and tentative identification of new flunitrazepam metabolites in authentic human urine specimens using liquid chromatography‐Q exactive‐HF hybrid quadrupole‐Orbitrap‐mass spectrometry (LC‐QE‐HF‐MS)

Flunitrazepam (FNZ) is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat severe insomnia. In our recent study, FNZ metabolic profiles were investigated carefully. Six authentic human urine samples were purified using solid phase extraction (SPE) without enzymatic hydrolysis, and urine extracts were then analyzed by liquid chromatography‐Q exactive‐HF hybrid quadrupole‐Orbitrap‐mass spectrometry (LC‐QE‐HF‐MS), using the full scan positive ion mode and targeted MS/MS (ddms2) technique to make accurate mass measurements. There were 25 metabolites, including 13 phase I and 12 phase II metabolites, which were detected and tentatively identified by LC‐QE‐HF‐MS. In addition, nine previously unreported phase II glucuronide conjugates and four phase I metabolites are reported here for the first time. Eight metabolic pathways, including N‐reduction and O‐reduction, N‐glucuronidation, O‐glucuronidation, mono‐hydroxylation and di‐hydroxylation, demethylation, acetylation, and combinations, were implicated in this work, and 2‐O‐reduction together with dihydroxylation were two novel metabolic pathways for FNZ that were identified tentatively. Although 7‐amino FNZ is widely considered to be the primary metabolite, a previously unreported metabolites (M12) can also serve as a potential biomarker for FNZ misuse.     

A novel fast 3D measurement method based on phase-coded fringe projection

Optical Review - Fringe projection profilometry is widely used for the 3D measurement of real-world objects; however, quickly obtaining high-precision 3D measurements is an issue that needs to be...     

Necessity analyses of phase masks in joint fractional Fourier transform correlator

In this paper, the mathematical expressions and the particularities of the joint fractional Fourier transform correlator (JFRTC) are detailedly analyzed. In a JFRTC, the distance between the two fractional correlation peaks can be adjusted flexibly by shifting the fractional orders. However, the intensity of the fractional correlation peaks decreases rapidly as the first fractional order p₁ drops. The former property is very useful in a practical recognition system, but the latter one seriously reduces the recognition sensitivity of a JFRTC. For this reason, phase masks should be added at the input plane of the JFRTC to enhance the intensities of the fractional correlation peaks and effectively overcome the default. Compared with the existing JFRTC with single phase modulation, a JFRTC with double phase modulation is suggested to more flexibly improve the performance of a JFRTC.     

Investigations on the process of dissolution and transformation of chloropinnoite in boric acid aqueous solution at 303 K by kinetics and Raman spectroscopy

Kinetics of dissolution and transformation of chloropinnoite (2MgO·2B₂O₃· MgCl₂·14H₂O) in 4.5% (wt%) boric acid aqueous solution at 303 K had been studied, and the kinetic process and mechanism were investigated by the Raman spectroscopy. According to the kinetic curve, the process of dissolution and phase transformation can be divided into three stages: dissolution stage, phase transformation induction period, and crystallization stage. The experimental results showed that when chloropinnoite dissolved in boric acid aqueous solution, MgCl₂ was removed and midproduct (MgB₂O(OH)₆·H₂O) dissolved at the same time, which was different from that of in water. Kurnakovite was a final product. The experimental data of the crystallization process have been fitted with the following mathematical modification with the aid of simplex optimum method and Runge–Kutta digital solution of differential equation system: ?dc/dt = 6.31(c?0.3906)² + 0.975(c?0.3906). Based on our experimental results and the Raman spectroscopy, kinetics and mechanism of dissolution, phase transformation, and crystallization of borate in chloropinnoite–boric acid water system are discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 38: 136–143, 2006