语音通信降噪研究

语音通信系统中，语音通过信道传输将不可避免地引入码间串扰和信号畸变，同时受到噪声污染。本文在分析自适应盲均衡算法CMA(constant modulus algorithm）和改进盲均衡算法的基础上，考虑到自适应盲均衡技术在语音噪声控制方面能力有限，将自适应盲均衡技术与小波包掩蔽阈值降噪算法联合使用，形成一种基带语音增强新方法。仿真试验结果显示自适应盲均衡技术可以使星座图变得清晰而紧凑，有效减小误码率。研究证实该方法在语音信号ISI和畸变严重情况下，在白噪及有色噪声不同的噪声环境中都具有稳定的降噪能力，消噪同时可获得汉语普通话良好的听觉效果。     

THE DETERMINATION OF THE COMPUTATIONAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM OF BAR SYSTEMS1)

为了简化和统一结构力学教材中杆件体系计算自由度$W$的算法,本文提出了“直接法”。该方法以相邻节点间的杆件和结点为分析对象,对于含$m$根杆件、$g$ 个单刚结点和$h$个单铰结点的平面杆件体系,直接法给出计算自由度公式$W=3m-(3g+2h$)。相比于已有方法,直接法研究对象清晰,数学运算统一,适合于编程计算,便于初学者准确而快速计算复杂体系的$W$;也为结构超静定次数的确定提供了一种简单有效的数值算法。     

大环镍(Ⅱ)配合物与扁桃酸的手性识别

外消旋大环镍(Ⅱ)配合物[Ni (rac-L)](ClO₄)₂分别与l-和d-扁桃酸阴离子在乙腈/水溶液中反应,通过手性识别得到六配位的[Ni (_RR-L)(S-Man)]ClO₄(1)和[Ni (SS-L)(R-Man)]ClO₄(2)对映异构体(L=5,5,7,12,12,14-六甲基-1,4,8,11-四氮杂环十四烷,Man=扁桃酸)。当[Ni (rac-L)](ClO₄)₂与dl-扁桃酸阴离子反应时得到一对对映体等量存在的共聚物,其中大环配体中RR和SS构型分别优先与l-和d-Man^- 配位形成外消旋混合物,反应过程中发生了手性识别现象,每颗晶体均为手性对映体。当[Ni (rac-L)](ClO₄)₂分别与结构类似的dl-2-苯基丙酸和dl-托品酸阴离子反应时,分别得到化合物[Ni (rac-L)(dl-PPA)]ClO₄(3)(PPA=2-苯基丙酸)和[Ni (rac-L)(dl-Tro)]ClO₄(4)(Tro=托品酸)。X射线单晶衍射结果表明,4个配合物中Ni (Ⅱ)离子均与折叠大环配体L的4个氮原子和2个来自羧基与羟基的氧原子(1和2),或羧基氧原子(3和4)顺式配位,形成六配位八面体构型。配合物1和2属于一对对映异构体,分别通过[Ni (_RR-L)(S-Man)]⁺和[Ni (SS-L)(R-Man)]⁺分子间氢键作用形成一维之字形链状结构。配合物1和2的单手性特征与圆二色(CD)谱测定结果一致。     

Nano Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) with Anti-Hook Effect for Tumor Therapy

Proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) is an emerging pharmacological modality with innovated post-translational protein degradation capabilities. However, off-target induced unintended tissue effects and intrinsic “hook effect” hinder PROTAC biotechnology to be maturely developed. Herein, an intracellular fabricated nano proteolysis targeting chimeras (Nano-PROTACs) modality with a center-spoke degradation network for achieving efficient dose-dependent protein degradation in tumor is reported. The PROTAC precursors are triggered by higher GSH concentrations inside tumor cells, which subsequently in situ self-assemble into Nano-PROTACs through intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions. The fibrous Nano-PROTACs can form effective polynary complexes and E3 ligases degradation network with multi-binding sites, achieving dose-dependent protein degradation with “anti-hook effect”. The generality and efficacy of Nano-PROTACs are validated by degrading variable protein of interest (POI) such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and androgen receptor (AR) in a wide-range dose-dependent manner with a 95 % degradation rate and long-lasting potency up to 72 h in vitro. Significantly, Nano-PROTACs achieve in vivo dose-dependent protein degradation up to 79 % and tumor growth inhibition in A549 and LNCap xenograft mice models, respectively. Taking advantages of in situ self-assembly strategy, the Nano-PROTACs provide a generalizable platform to promote precise clinical translational application of PROTAC.     

Mixing of Racemic Poly(L-lactide)/Poly(D-lactide) Blend with Miscible Poly(D,L-lactide):Toward All Stereocomplex-type Polylactide with Strikingly Enhanced SC Crystallizability

Stereocomplex-type polylactide (SC-PLA) consisting of alternatively arranged poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(D-lactide) (PDLA) chains has gained a good reputation as a sustainable engineering plastic with outstanding heat resistance and durability,however its practical applications have been considerably hindered by the weak SC crystallizability.Current methods used to enhance the SC crystallizability are generally achieved at the expense of the precious bio-renewability and/or bio-degradability of PLAs.Herein,we demonstrate a feasible method to address these challenges by incorporating small amounts of poly(D,L-lactide) (PDLLA) into linear high-molecular-weight PLLA/PDLA blends.The results show that the incorporation of the atactic PDLLA leads to a significant enhancement in the SC crystallizability because its good miscibility with the isotactic PLAs makes it possible to greatly improve the chain mixing between PLLA and PDLA as an effective compatibilizer.Meanwhile,the melt stability (i.e.,the stability of PLLA/PDLA chain assemblies upon melting) could also be improved substantially.Very intriguingly,SC crystallites are predominantly formed with increasing content and molecular weight of PDLLA.More notably,exclusive SC crystallization can be obtained in the racemic blends with 20 wt％ PDLLA having weight-average molecular weight of above 1 ×10s g/mol,where the chain mixing level and intermolecular interactions between the PLA enantiomers could be strikingly enhanced.Overall,our work could not only open a promising horizon for the development of all SC-PLA-based engineering plastic with exceptional SC crystallizability but also give a fundamental insight into the crucial role of PDLLA in improving the SC crystallizability of PLLA/PDLA blends.     

Isolation and Crystal Structure of Ent-kaurane Diterpenes from Rubus corchorifolius L. f.

In this study, ent-Kaurane-3β,16β,17-triol(1) and ent-kaurane-2α,16β,17-triol(2), were isolated from the leaves of Rubus corchorifolius L. f. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analysis. NMR experiments identified the two compounds and X-ray crystallographic analysis confirmed their crystal structures. The crystal of 1 belongs to monoclinic with space group P21 and a = 10.7641(3), b = 7.2789(3), c = 11.7862(4) , β = 95.275(3)°, V = 919.55(6) 3, Z = 2, C20H34O4, Mr = 322.49 g/mol, Dc = 1.230 g/m3, F(000) = 376, λ = 1.54178 , μ = 0.661 mm-1, R = 0.0319, and wR = 0.0811 for 10889 observed reflections(Ⅰ 2σ(Ⅰ)). The crystal of 2 is classified as orthorhombic with space group P212121 and a = 10.7641(3), b = 12.72224(19), c = 21.3929(3) , V = 1748.94(4) 3, Z = 4, C20H34O4, Mr = 322.47, Dc = 1.225 Mg/m3 F(000) = 712, λ = 1.54184 , μ = 0.625 mm-1, R = 0.0303 and w R = 0.0759 for 10470 observed reflections(Ⅰ 2σ(Ⅰ)). Meanwhile, the compound revealed low inhibitory activities toward Hep G2, MCF-7, and SCG-7901 cells.     

Syntheses and Structures of Two Macrocyclic Nickel(Ⅱ) Complexes Bridging Benzene Polycarboxylic Acid

Two complexes with formulas [Ni L][(Ni L)(IPA)2]·8H2O(1) and [(Ni L)(H2O)2] [(Ni L)(PMA)]·4H2O(2)(L = 5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane,IPA2– = isophthalic anion,PMA4– = 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic anion) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses and IR spectra.The crystal structures were determined by X-ray diffraction.In complex 1,the [Ni L]2+ bridged IPA2– to give [(Ni L)(IPA)2]2– monomer,and the [Ni L]2+ bridged PMA4– to form a one-dimensional chain [(Ni L)(PMA)]n2n– in complex 2.The [Ni L]2+ and [(Ni L)(IPA)2]2–/[(Ni L)(PMA)]2– are connected through intermolecular hydrogen bonding to generate three-dimensional supramolecular structures.     

Li3V2（PO4）3/C正极材料在不同电压区间的电化学行为及容量衰减原因

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备锂离子电池正极材料Li3V2(PO4)3/C.通过恒电流充放电测试、循环伏安(CV)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等方法,研究了Li3V2(PO4)3/C在不同电压区间的电化学行为(3.0-4.5 V和3.0-4.8 V).结果表明,3.0-4.8 V电压区间的循环性能和倍率性能均不及3.0-4.5 V电压区间的.3.0-4.5 V区间0.1C (1C=150 mA?g-1)倍率首次放电比容量为127.0 mAh?g-1,循环50次后容量保持率为99.5%,而3.0-4.8 V区间的分别为168.2 mAh?g-1和78.5%.经过高倍率测试后再回到0.1C倍率充放电,3.0-4.5 V和3.0-4.8 V的放电比容量分别为初始0.1C倍率的99.0%和80.7%.经过3.0-4.8 V电压区间测试后,少部分第三个锂离子能够在低于4.5 V的电压脱出,使3.0-4.5 V电压区间的放电比容量提升了7.4%. CV结果表明3.0-4.8 V区间的容量损失主要表现为第一个锂离子的不可逆损失.极片的X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析测试结果表明经过3.0-4.8 V测试后, Li3V2(PO4)3的结构发生了轻微的改变.电感耦合等离子体(ICP)测试结果表明循环后的电解液中含有少量的V.结构变形和V溶解可能是Li3V2(PO4)3在3.0-4.8 V区间容量衰减的主要原因.     

凹形树突状PtCu纳米催化剂的合成及对甲醇的电催化

以邻苯二胺为表面活性剂,通过水热釜法一步制备凹形树突状PtCu双金属纳米催化剂(PtCu NCDs)。PtCu NCDs在电催化甲醇氧化(MOR)的应用中表现出非常高的活性和很强的抗有毒中间体作用。PtCu NCDs对于甲醇氧化的质量活性为(0.53 A·mg^-1 Pt)是商业Pt/C(0.26 A·mg^-1 Pt)的2.04倍。从比活性的CV曲线图对比发现PtCu NCDs(1.07 mA·cm^-2)是商业Pt/C(0.55 mA·cm^-2)的1.95倍。而且,PtCu NCDs(2.76)比商业Pt/C催化剂(1.02)表现出更高的I_f/I_b比值。这些优异的电催化活性可能归功于PtCu NCDs特殊的凹形树突状形貌。     

Potassium bromide or sodium chloride catalyzed acetoxyselenenylation of alkenes with diselenides and mCPBA

KBr or NaCl is found to be a good catalyst in Se-Se bond cleavage of diselenides in the present of the oxidant mCPBA. The electrophilic addition of the in situ generated reactive electrophilic selenium species PhSeX (X=Br, Cl) to alkenes in AcOH provides a convenient access to 2-acetoxy-1-selenides. Compared with other catalysts, KBr or NaCl is less expensive and more environment-friendly.