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1.
Flame dynamics under various backpressures in a model scramjet with and without a cavity flameholder
Flame dynamics under various backpressure conditions were experimentally investigated using direct flame visualization, high-speed CH* chemiluminescence imaging, and wall pressure measurements. The stagnation pressure and temperature used in the present study were 100 kPa and 2500 K, respectively, with a freestream Mach number of 4.5. Rectangular scramjet models with and without a cavity were used to explore the effects of the cavity on flame dynamics when operating in scramjet mode, ramjet mode, and unstart. The flow rate of the ethylene jet was varied to impose backpressures corresponding to each operation mode. For both models, reverse flame propagation was observed for ramjet mode and unstart. For ramjet mode, flame fluctuation occurred within the isolator due to the coupling of fluid dynamics and combustion. The presence of a cavity enhanced combustion and reduced flame fluctuation in both scram and ramjet mode. The cavity promoted unstart because of the greater heat release from combustion. Further research using spatially resolved diagnostic techniques is needed to identify the flame locations for ramjet mode and unstart. 相似文献
2.
Farouq Ahmed Ryo NagumoRyuji Miura Suzuki AiHideyuki Tsuboi Nozomu HatakeyamaAkira Endou Hiromitsu TakabaMomoji Kubo Akira Miyamoto 《Applied Surface Science》2011,257(24):10503-10513
The notion of “active sites” is fundamental to heterogeneous catalysis. However, the exact nature of the active sites, and hence the mechanism by which they act, are still largely a matter of speculation. In this study, we have presented a systematic quantum chemical molecular dynamics (QCMD) calculations for the interaction of hydrogen on different step and terrace sites of the Pd (3 3 2) surface. Finally the dissociative adsorption of hydrogen on step and terrace as well as the influence of surface hydrogen vacancy for the dissociative adsorption of hydrogen has been investigated through QCMD. This is a state-of-the-art method for calculating the interaction of atoms and molecules with metal surfaces. It is found that fully hydrogen covered (saturated) step sites can dissociate hydrogen moderately and that a monovacancy surface is suitable for significant dissociative adsorption of hydrogen. However in terrace site of the surface we have found that dissociation of hydrogen takes place only on Pd sites where the metal atom is not bound to any pre-adsorbed hydrogen atoms. Furthermore, from the molecular dynamics and electronic structure calculations, we identify a number of consequences for the interpretation and modeling of diffusion experiments demonstrating the coverage and directional dependence of atomic hydrogen diffusion on stepped palladium surface. 相似文献
3.
Machiko Shigemi Takahiro Takekiyo Hiroshi Abe Nozomu Hamaya Yukihiro Yoshimura 《Journal of solution chemistry》2014,43(9-10):1614-1624
We have used Raman spectroscopy to investigate the high-pressure phase behavior of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF4]), a representative ionic liquid, at pressures up to ~7.5 GPa. We have also studied how increasing pressure leads to conformational changes in the [bmim]+ cation. We have found that liquid [bmim][BF4] undergoes pressure-induced solidification (freezing) into a superpressed (metastable) state at 2.5 GPa; another structural change probably occurs at ~6 GPa. Remarkably, conformational changes in the [bmim]+ cation between trans and gauche conformers are concordant with the metastable structural changes of [bmim][BF4]. As the pressure is increased from ambient, the fraction of gauche conformers increases, but the gauche fraction decreases above the solidification pressure (2.5 GPa), and slope of the gauche/trans ratio changes again above 6 GPa. We interpret these results in terms of the fragility of the ionic liquid. 相似文献
4.
5.
Hiroshi Noguchi Tsuyoshi Michinobu Nozomu Fujii Masahiro Funahashi Masatoshi Tokita Junji Watanabe Kiyotaka Shigehara 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2008,46(15):5101-5114
Cyanotolane or fluorotolane mesogens were for the first time introduced into the fumarate monomer under basic conditions. All fumarate monomers undergo radical polymerization in benzene in the presence of dimethyl 2,2′‐azobis(isobutyrate) as an initiator at 60 °C, affording the corresponding poly(fumarate)s with a molecular weight (Mn) of ~ 104 and an exceptionally narrow polydispersity. The phase behaviors of the fumarate monomers and the correspoding poly(fumarate)s were comprehensively investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. For the fumarate monomers, fluorotolane derivatives were prone to form higher‐order liquid crystal phases such as a smectic phase, while cyanotolane derivatives tended to show a wide mesophase temperature range, depending on the alkyl chain spacer length. Very surprisingly, these features dramatically weakened when they were polymerized. The mesophase temperature ranges became narrow and completely disappeared for the poly(fumarate)s with a shorter alkyl chain spacer. A nematic phase representing lower‐order arrangements became a predominant liquid crystal phase for the poly(fumarate) carrying cyanotolane mesogens. Only the poly(fumarate) carrying fluorotolane mesogens with a longer alkyl chain spacer displayed the characteristic XRD patterns of the smectic B phase. The transient photocurrent measurements of the fumarate monomer with cyanotolane mesogens displayed a hole mobility of the order of 10?4–10?5 cm2 V?1 s?1 at room temperature. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5101–5114, 2008 相似文献
6.
Gang Wei Nozomu Sasage Yusuke Kusanagi Kazuhiro Fujiki Takeshi Yamauchi Norio Tsubokawa 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2008,46(12):4218-4226
The surface grafting of hyperbranched cyclotriphosphazene polymer onto silica nanoparticles and carbon black was investigated. The grafting of hyperbranched cyclotriphosphazene polymer onto these surfaces was achieved by the repeated reactions of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene with hexamethylenediamine from surface amino groups and sodium carboxylate groups, respectively. The percentage of grafting onto silica and carbon black surfaces exceeded 760 and 390%, respectively. However, it proved difficult to achieve the theoretical growth of cyclotriphosphazene polymer from these surfaces because of steric hindrance. The introduction of sulfonic acid groups was successfully achieved by the reaction of terminal chlorophosphazene groups of the hyperbranched polymer‐grafted silica and carbon black with sulfanilic acid. The content of sulfonic acid groups introduced onto silica and carbon black surfaces was 4.98 mmol/g and 5.70 mmol/g, respectively. The sulfonated cyclotriphosphazene polymer‐grafted carbon black was extremely hydrophilic, yielding stable colloidal dispersions in polar solvents. The sulfonated cyclotriphosphazene polymer‐grafted silica and carbon black showed ionic conductivity, with the conductance increasing exponentially with increasing relative humidity and temperature. This study may offer important leads in the application of silica nanoparticles and carbon black in polymeric membranes for fuel cells. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 4218–4226, 2008 相似文献
7.
Visualization of Heterogeneous Oxygen Storage Behavior in Platinum‐Supported Cerium‐Zirconium Oxide Three‐Way Catalyst Particles by Hard X‐ray Spectro‐Ptychography 下载免费PDF全文
Makoto Hirose Dr. Nozomu Ishiguro Kei Shimomura Dr. Nicolas Burdet Dr. Hirosuke Matsui Prof. Dr. Mizuki Tada Prof. Dr. Yukio Takahashi 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2018,57(6):1474-1479
The cerium density and valence in micrometer‐size platinum‐supported cerium–zirconium oxide Pt/Ce2Zr2Ox (x=7–8) three‐way catalyst particles were successfully mapped by hard X‐ray spectro‐ptychography (ptychographic‐X‐ray absorption fine structure, XAFS). The analysis of correlation between the Ce density and valence in ptychographic‐XAFS images suggested the existence of several oxidation behaviors in the oxygen storage process in the Ce2Zr2Ox particles. Ptychographic‐XAFS will open up the nanoscale chemical imaging and structural analysis of heterogeneous catalysts. 相似文献
8.
Imaging of Oxygen Diffusion in Individual Platinum/Ce2Zr2Ox Catalyst Particles During Oxygen Storage and Release 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Hirosuke Matsui Dr. Nozomu Ishiguro Kaori Enomoto Dr. Oki Sekizawa Prof. Dr. Tomoya Uruga Prof. Dr. Mizuki Tada 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(39):12022-12025
The spatial distribution of Ce3+ and Ce4+ in each particle of Ce2Zr2Ox in a three‐way conversion catalyst system was successfully imaged during an oxygen storage/release cycle by scanning X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) using hard X‐ray nanobeams. For the first time, nano‐XAFS imaging visualized and identified the modes of non‐uniform oxygen diffusion from the interface of Pt catalyst and Ce2Zr2Ox support and the active parts in individual catalyst particles. 相似文献
9.
Ken-Ichi Okamoto Nozomu Tanihara Hitoshi Watanabe Kazuhiro Tanaka Hidetoshi Kita Asumaru Nakamura Yoshihiro Kusuki Kanji Nakagawa 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1992,30(11):1223-1231
Sorption and diffusion of water vapor are investigated gravimetrically for polyimide films. The activity dependence of the solubility and diffusion coefficients, S and D, respectively, is classified under four types: (1) constant S and D type, (2) dual-mode sorption and transport type, (3) dual-mode type followed by a deviation due to a plasticization effect at high vapor activity, and (4) constant S and D type followed by a deviation due to water cluster formation at high activity. For the dual-mode type, the Henry's law component is much larger than the Langmuir component except at low activity, and therefore deviation in behavior from the first type is small. S is larger for polyimides with higher content of polar groups such as carbonyl, carboxyl, and sulfonyl. D is larger for polyimides with a higher fraction of free space, with some exceptions. The polyimide from 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and dimethyl-3,7-diaminodibenzothiophene-5, 5-dioxide belongs to the third type and displays both large S and large D. The polyimide from 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride and 4,4′-oxydianiline belongs to the fourth type, and has the largest D but rather small S because of the hydrophobic C(CF3)2 groups. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
10.
Hidehito Nanto Fumitaka Endo Yoshiaki Hirai Shouichi Nasu Nozomu Takeuchi 《Optical Review》1994,1(2):177-179
Intense photostimulated luminescence (PSL) with a peak at 420 nm is observed in ultraviolet (UV) Iight-irradiated europium-doped potassium chloride (KCl: Eu) crystalline phosphors. The PSL characteristics of UV-irradiated KCl: Eu phosphor for optical memory application were studied. The excitation and emission mechanisms of the 420 nm PSL, which are consistent with the results obtained, are discussed. 相似文献