Nowadays, pharmaceutical antibiotics are known as a serious class of pollutants. Therefore, it is important to develop effective methods for removing these pollutants from aqueous media. Different methods were applied for this purpose, and among these methods, chemical reduction by a cheap and eco‐friendly nanocatalyst is the most efficient and simplest method. In this research, based on graphene oxide supported by zero‐valent iron in mono‐, bi‐, and tri‐metallic systems, various nanocomposites were synthesized and used to degrade tetracycline as a model antibiotic from aqueous media. An investigation was carried out on the synergic effect among graphene oxide and the nano zero‐valent iron‐based tri‐metallic system as well as removal efficiencies. It was found that higher degradation efficiency is yielded by graphene oxide supported by Fe/Cu/Ag tri‐metallic system. The maximum synergic effect occurs at an acidic medium. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, Fourier transform spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction analysis were used to characterize the synthesized nanocomposites, which has successfully proved the loading of nanoscale Fe/Cu/Ag tri‐metallic on a graphene oxide support. The central composite design was used to model and optimize all involved variables affecting antibiotic removal efficiency. The consequences illustrated the optimum condition regarding the removal of 50 ppm of tetracycline, for the nanocomposites dose of 3.0 mg ml?1, the contact time of 30 min, and pH of 2, was achieved using the simplex non‐linear optimization method. Moreover, antibiotic adsorption kinetic models were also investigated. Finally, the tetracycline removal from aqueous media at different concentrations, 25, 50, and 75 ppm, was successful by applying the proposed nanocomposite, and the results showed tetracycline removal efficiencies of above 70%. 相似文献
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - In recent decades, the growth of heat transfer using nanomaterials in the conventional base fluid has caught the attention of researchers... 相似文献
A simple, sensitive and accurate method was developed for solid-phase extraction and preconcentration of trace levels of gold in various samples. It is based on the adsorption of gold on modified oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes prior to its determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The type and volume of eluent solution, sample pH value, flow rates of sample and eluent, sorption capacity and breakthrough volume were optimized. Under these conditions, the method showed linearity in the range of 0.2–6.0 ng L−1 with coefficients of determination of >0.99 in the sample. The relative standard deviation for seven replicate determinations of gold (at a level of 0.6 ng L−1) is ±3.8 %, the detection limit is 31 pg L−1 (in the initial solution and at an S/N ratio of 3; for n = 8), and the enrichment factor is 200. The sorption capacity of the modified MWCNTs for gold(III) is 4.15 mg g−1. The procedure was successfully applied to the determination of gold in (spiked) water samples, human hair, human urine and standard reference material with recoveries ranging from 97.0 to 104.2 %.
We will characterize all finite dimensional Lie algebras with at most |F|2+|F|+2 centralizers, where F is the underlying field of Lie algebras under consideration. 相似文献
Aryl halides and especially inactive aryl chlorides were coupled to benzenoid aromatic rings in a Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction in the absence of organic solvents and toxic phosphine ligands. The reaction was catalysed by a recoverable magnetic nanocatalyst, Pd@Fe3O4, in aqueous media. This method is green, and the catalyst is easily removed from the reaction media using an external magnetic field and can be re‐used at least 10 times without any considerable loss in its activity. The catalyst was characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, thermogravimetric analysis, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, CHN analysis, X‐ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometry. 相似文献
A four‐component reaction in the presence of Alum [KAl(SO4)2·12H2O] as an inexpensive and reusable catalyst using the ionic liquid as an effective green reaction media is reported. 相似文献
A mild and efficient tandem process for the synthesis of new highly substituted 2-pyrones starting from commercially available 2-arylacetic acids has been developed. The synthesis is based on the Knoevenagel condensation of 1,3-cyclohexadiones with various β-formyl-esters, followed by lactonization in the presence of nano ZnO (20 mol %). Moderate to high yields and readily available cheap starting materials are the key features of the present method. 相似文献
Determination of molecules and biomolecules using nanoparticles is promising in the development of analytical techniques. Modified Eu-doped Y2O3 nanoparticles (Y2O3:Eu NPs) by captopril have been used as a probe for thiamine (vitamin B1) determination. According to the fluorescence enhancement of modified Eu-doped Y2O3 nanoparticles caused by thiamine, a simple and sensitive method were proposed for its detection. The increase in modified Y2O3:Eu NPs fluorescence signal as a function of thiamine concentration was found to be linear in the concentration range of 0–44 μM. The limit of detection (LOD) of thiamine by this method was 0.144 μM. All the measurements were performed in natural pH, at the room temperature under ambient conditions. Possible interaction mechanism was discussed. 相似文献