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William S. Lorimer und Edgar F. Smith 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1893,32(1):127-128
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
3.
Ultrasound alone is capable of killing bacteria when sufficient power is applied but ultrasound at low powers can also be used to improve the effectiveness biocides. In this paper, we explore the effect of the timing of the ultrasonic treatment at 20 and 850 kHz on the biocidal efficiency of sodium hypochlorite solution towards Escherchia coli suspensions. A remarkable frequency effect has been noted. At the lower frequency of 20 kHz the improvement in biocidal activity is greatest when the ultrasound is applied at the same time as the hypochlorite. At the higher frequency of 850 kHz the improvement is best when ultrasound is used as a pre-treatment immediately followed by hypochlorite addition under normal (silent) conditions. The kill rate achieved for pre-treatment using 850 kHz and simultaneous treatment using 20 kHz are very similar. However the former involves less acoustic energy and so is considered to be the more efficient. 相似文献
4.
Pollet BG Lorimer JP Hihn JY Phull SS Mason TJ Walton DJ 《Ultrasonics sonochemistry》2002,9(5):267-274
Ultrasound was found to increase the oxidation peak current and hence the decomposition rate of thiosulphate 50-fold compared to silent conditions. The effects of the ultrasonic frequency (20 and 38 kHz) and power upon the electrochemical oxidation of thiosulphate in aqueous KCl (1 mol dm-3) at stationary stainless steel and platinum electrodes were studied chronoamperometrically and potentiostatically (at various scan rates). No sigmoidal-shaped voltammograms were observed for the redox couple S4O6(2-)/S2O3(2-) in the presence of ultrasound. However, application of ultrasound to this redox couple provided an increase in the oxidation peak current at the frequencies employed, the magnitude of which varied with concentration, scan rate and ultrasonic power. Under sonication at 20 and 38 kHz, the oxidation peak potential shifted anodically with increasing ultrasonic power. This anodic shift in potential may be due to the formation of hydroxyl radicals, changes in electrode surface composition and complex adsorption phenomena. The large increase in oxidation peak currents and the rates of decomposition of thiosulphate, in the presence of ultrasound, are explained in terms of enhanced mass transfer at the electrode due to cavitation and acoustic streaming together with microstreaming coupled with adsorption phenomena. It is also shown that changes in macroscopic temperature throughout the experiment are insufficient to cause the observed enhanced diffusion. 相似文献
5.
Some recent studies at Coventry University sonochemistry centre 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Three main areas of research at Coventry University are discussed: the uses of power ultrasound in polymer science (for both synthesis and degradation) and its effects on catalytic reactivity and radical production in solution. 相似文献
6.
The generation of HO radicals by acoustic cavitation in water was monitored by their reaction with terephthalic acid (TA) anion to produce fluorescent hydroxyterephthalate ions using a cleaning bath (38kHz) and a probe system (20, 40 and 60 kHz) as different sources of ultrasound. When using the ultrasonic bath as a source of energy for sonochemical studies, the shape of the reaction vessel is important. In the case of HO production from water (50 cm3), reaction in a conical flask (100 cm3) produces 2.75 times more radicals than a round-bottomed flask of the same capacity. The fluorescence yield (fluorescence intensity/ultrasound dosage) obtained using the conical flask and ultrasonic bath was similar to that for a probe operating at 40 kHz on the same volume of solution. For a probe system operating at 20, 40 and 60 kHz the greatest sonochemical efficiency was attained at the highest of these frequencies (60 kHz). For the probe system the fluorescence yield is directly proportional to power input and the concentration of TA. The fluorescence yield decreases as the temperature is increased. 相似文献
7.
J. P. Lorimer T. J. Mason D. Kershaw I. Livsey R. Templeton-Knight 《Colloid and polymer science》1991,269(4):392-397
In this paper we describe the effect of 20 kHz power ultrasound on the encapsulation of titanium dioxide pigment with poly (methyl methacrylate) in an otherwise conventional emulsion-polymerisation process. In all instances, sonication of the reaction during the mixing period led to an improvement in the extent and uniformity of the coverage of the pigment. Low-power ultrasound produced a more uniform coverage than high-power ultrasound, but the latter provided greater particle dispersion. 相似文献
8.
Peter Lorimer 《Arkiv f?r Matematik》1973,11(1-2):139-145
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Peter Lorimer 《Journal of Graph Theory》1984,8(1):55-68
Let G be a group acting symmetrically on a graph Σ, let G1 be a subgroup of G minimal among those that act symmetrically on Σ, and let G2 be a subgroup of G1 maximal among those normal subgroups of G1 which contain no member except 1 which fixes a vertex of Σ. The most precise result of this paper is that if Σ has prime valency p, then either Σ is a bipartite graph or G2 acts regularly on Σ or G1 | G2 is a simple group which acts symmetrically on a graph of valency p which can be constructed from Σ and does not have more vertices than Σ. The results on vertex-transitive groups necessary to establish results like this are also included. 相似文献