Engineering Lithium Ions Embedded in NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide Lattices To Activate Laminated Ni2+ Sites as High-Efficiency Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalysts

NiFe layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been denoted as benchmark non-noble-metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, for laminates of NiFe LDHs, the edge sites are active, but the basal plane is inert, leading to underutilization as catalysts for the OER. Herein, for the first time, light and electron-deficient Li ions are intercalated into the basal plane of NiFe LDHs. The results of theoretical calculations and experiments both showed that electrons would be transferred from near Ni²⁺ to the surroundings of Li⁺, resulting in electron-deficient properties of the Ni sites, which would function as “electron-hungry” sites, to enhance surface adsorption of electron-rich oxygen-containing groups, which would enhance the effective activity for the OER. As demonstrated by the catalytic performance, the Li−NiFe LDH electrodes showed an ultralow overpotential of only 298 mV at 50 mA cm⁻², which was lower than that of 347 mV for initial NiFe LDHs and lower than that of 373 mV for RuO₂. Reasonable intercalation adjustment effectively activates laminated Ni²⁺ sites and constructs the electron-deficient structure to enhance its electrocatalytic activity, which sheds light on the functional treatment of catalytic materials.     

Static droplet array for the synthesis of nonspherical microparticles

We reported a manually operated static droplet array (SDA)-based device for the synthesis of nonspherical microparticles with different shapes. The improved SDA structure and reversible bonding between poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) were used in the device for the large-scale synthesis and rapid extraction of nonspherical microparticles. To understand the device physics, the effects of flow rate, SDA well size, and shape on droplet generation performances were explored. The results indicated that droplet generation in SDA structures was insensitive to the flow rate, and monodisperse droplets were generated by the SDA-based device through manually pushing the syringe. Finally, we integrated four kinds of SDA structures in one device and successfully realized the synthesis and extraction of nonspherical microparticles with different shapes and materials. Our SDA-based device offers numerous advantages, such as simple manual operation, low equipment cost, controllable microparticle shapes and sizes, and large-scale production. Thus, it holds the potential to be used as a flexible tool for the production of nonspherical microparticles.     

A novel 3D Tesla valve micromixer for efficient mixing and chitosan nanoparticle production

Current three-dimensional micromixers for continuous flow reactions and nanoparticle synthesis are complex in structure and difficult to fabricate. This paper investigates the design, fabrication, and characterization of a novel micromixer that uses a simple spatial Tesla valve design to achieve efficient mixing of multiple solutions. The flow characteristics and mixing efficiencies of our Tesla valve micromixer are investigated using a combination of numerical simulations and experiments. The results show that in a wide range of flow rates, viscoelastic solutions with different concentrations can be well mixed in our micromixer. Finally, experiments on the synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles are conducted to verify the practicability of our micromixer. Compared with nanoparticles prepared by conventional magnetic stirring, the size of nanoparticles prepared by micromixing is smaller and the distribution is more uniform. Therefore, our Tesla valve micromixer has significant advantages and implications for mixing chemical and biological reactions.     

A Lightweight Semi-quantum E‑payment Protocol Based on Blockchain

International Journal of Theoretical Physics - How to apply E-payment based on quantum cryptography to our daily life is a significant problem. Inspired by the semi-quantum protocols, we present a...     

Nonlinear vibration isolation via an innovative active bionic variable stiffness adapter (ABVSA)

Nonlinear Dynamics - During the process of spacecraft launch, the extreme vibration environment is the major influence factor that induces the failure of the mission. Inspired by the smooth motions...     

甲基丙烯酸3-三甲氧基硅丙酯在乳液体系中的分配

通过气相色谱(GC)研究了甲基丙烯酸3_三甲氧基硅丙酯(MPS)在乳液体系各相中的分配行为,并测得了MPS在各种情况下的分配系数.发现当MPS加入量达到聚合物种子的约10 wt%时,体系进入饱和状态,且大部分MPS分配在粒子相中.通过对单体相分配行为的理论分析,并结合实验数据,发现种子乳胶粒粒径、聚合物种子中的化学组成对MPS的分配行为影响很小,而温度则使MPS在各相中的饱和浓度增加.     

技术创新决策中的测不准现象

本文分析了技术创新决策中的测不准现象，包括技术创新的投资测不准、周期测不准和市场测不准；并分析了导致这一现象的各种原因。     

前沿生产函数在测算第三产业技术进步中的应用

运用前沿生产函数模型和线性规划算法，对我国各省、市、自治区第三产业中技术进步状况进行定量测度与横向比较，并得出了若干分析结论。     

甲基丙烯酸3-三甲氧基硅丙酯与苯乙烯乳液共聚合机理

甲基丙烯酸3-三甲氧基硅丙酯(MPS)和苯乙烯的种子乳液聚合反应过程中同时发生自由基共聚合反应和硅氧烷基的水解缩合反应.通过对MPS在不同条件下乳液聚合过程中粒径及其分布的表征、对反应过程中MPS水解产物的跟踪2、9Si固态核磁共振谱(NMR)和红外光谱(FTIR)对反应得到的聚合产物结构的表征对反应过程和机理进行了研究.阐明了不同的反应条件(如水介质的pH值、MPS的加入量和加入方式)下,此种子乳液聚合体系中各类反应的发生场所、各场所下的反应特点、反应中间产物以及由其导致的不同的成核和聚并机理和最终聚合物的微结构.发现根据不同反应条件下的自由基共聚合速率、水解缩合速率以及MPS在粒子相和水相中分配的不同,反应过程呈现差异很大的机理,且得到的乳胶粒形态、微结构也有很大不同.